我們會(huì)持續(xù)分享美式英語(yǔ)發(fā)音，口語(yǔ)，閱讀，寫(xiě)作各個(gè)方面的干貨。喜歡的話請(qǐng)關(guān)注我們！

今天是八周寫(xiě)作練習(xí)的第二周。我們除了繼續(xù)上次的訓(xùn)練外，還會(huì)和大家一起討論一個(gè)問(wèn)題。在英文寫(xiě)作中，我們應(yīng)該更多的使用短句子還是長(zhǎng)句子。

這次的分享，我們先簡(jiǎn)短的討論一下長(zhǎng)句子短句子在英文寫(xiě)作中的使用。然后，我們會(huì)分享一下Zoe關(guān)于一段《勇敢的錫兵》文字的復(fù)述；也就是繼續(xù)我們上周的寫(xiě)作練習(xí)。

所以如果你不想看關(guān)于英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句子和短句子的使用建議，可以直接跳到文章末尾處，去看Zoe的文章復(fù)述分享。

寫(xiě)作該更多使用短句子還是長(zhǎng)句子？

不知道大家在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中有什么經(jīng)歷。回憶我自己在讀書(shū)的時(shí)候，曾經(jīng)特別喜歡造長(zhǎng)句子。作為練習(xí)，我在造句的時(shí)候，總是用很多接詞，而且能套多少?gòu)木渚吞锥嗌購(gòu)木洹６椅疫€拿著我造的長(zhǎng)句子，跑去給同學(xué)很快的念出來(lái)，當(dāng)作虐心的聽(tīng)力練習(xí)。

當(dāng)然，這么做也是出于語(yǔ)言訓(xùn)練的考量。但是在后面的繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)中，我也慢慢開(kāi)始體會(huì)到句子言簡(jiǎn)意賅的重要性。語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，不同階段的理解和需求總是在發(fā)生變化的。

關(guān)于句子長(zhǎng)短的研究數(shù)據(jù)

曾經(jīng)有人做過(guò)研究。據(jù)說(shuō)一個(gè)英文句子中最好不要有超過(guò)25個(gè)詞匯，而控制在大約10個(gè)到11個(gè)詞匯的句子最讓人讀起來(lái)舒服。

根據(jù)另外一項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果顯示，在莎士比亞時(shí)期，一個(gè)句子平均包含45個(gè)詞匯；到了150年前，句子的平均長(zhǎng)度縮少到了平均29個(gè)詞匯；而當(dāng)代專(zhuān)家們寫(xiě)文章的時(shí)候，更是精簡(jiǎn)到了平均每句話只有15到18個(gè)詞匯。

英文文章中短句子太多會(huì)怎樣？

看到網(wǎng)絡(luò)有評(píng)論說(shuō)英文句子，越短越好。這樣的結(jié)論可能武斷了一點(diǎn)。過(guò)多的短句子會(huì)使得文章顯得缺乏流暢感，從而影響閱讀的感受和節(jié)奏。而在論文類(lèi)的文章里，如果大部分句子過(guò)短，會(huì)顯得作者對(duì)語(yǔ)言表的控制能力不是很強(qiáng)。

如果發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中短句子過(guò)多，可以根據(jù)想表達(dá)的意思，把短句子用連詞，關(guān)系代詞，鏈接副詞組合起來(lái)。這里簡(jiǎn)單分享一些常用連詞:

常用連詞：

after, although, as, as if, as though, because, before, even if, even though, even so, if, if only, now that,

once, rather than, since, than, that, though, unless,

until, when, where, whereas, wherever, whereas, whether, which, while.

另外，連接句子也可以運(yùn)用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，我們可以使用逗號(hào)和分號(hào)。

舉個(gè)例子：

I love to read. I would read at least several pages every day if I had the time.

可以修改為：

Because I love to read, I would read at least several pages every day if I had the time.

I love to read, and I would read at least several pages every day if I had the time.

I love to read; I would read at least several pages every day if I had the time.

太多長(zhǎng)句子的文章容易看懂嗎？

上面我們說(shuō)過(guò)了太多短句子可能會(huì)給寫(xiě)作效果帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，和解決的方法。但是如果文章中出現(xiàn)很多的長(zhǎng)句子又會(huì)怎么樣呢？

大量的過(guò)長(zhǎng)的句子出現(xiàn)在文章中，無(wú)疑會(huì)增加閱讀的難度；同時(shí)也更容易顯得文章邏輯混亂。要記住，你寫(xiě)作是為了給人讀的，所以哪怕你是想描述很復(fù)雜的情況，也應(yīng)該力求簡(jiǎn)潔清晰的體現(xiàn)。

我看到的引起歧義的英文長(zhǎng)句子，往往是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間加了太多的詞語(yǔ)，讓人讀起來(lái)非常費(fèi)勁。因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)句子中最主要的是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其他都是修飾和限定的成分。這樣說(shuō)來(lái)，就算句子比較長(zhǎng)，只要主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中的位置交代的讓人一目了然，也會(huì)比較容易避免歧義。

長(zhǎng)句子短句子如何取舍呢？

那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了，我們寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中到底應(yīng)該多使用長(zhǎng)句子還是短句子呢？其實(shí)這個(gè)和你的寫(xiě)作意圖和風(fēng)格是有緊密的關(guān)系的。

如果是寫(xiě)論文性質(zhì)的文章，最好把句子的長(zhǎng)度控制的居中一些，不要太長(zhǎng)也不要太短。因?yàn)槭钦撐男再|(zhì)的寫(xiě)作，可能想表達(dá)的意思稍微復(fù)雜些。但是因?yàn)椴挥孟駥?xiě)小說(shuō)那樣加入大量的描寫(xiě)，相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)更容易用簡(jiǎn)明的方式表述相對(duì)復(fù)雜的意思。

如果是創(chuàng)作類(lèi)的寫(xiě)作，比如隨筆，小說(shuō)，評(píng)論文章等等，可能需要長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合的情況下，適當(dāng)?shù)目刂崎L(zhǎng)句子的字?jǐn)?shù)。

我們以前和大家分享拓展句子練習(xí)的時(shí)候提到過(guò)，如果我們想詳細(xì)的描述某種狀態(tài)和某個(gè)事物的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)使用比較長(zhǎng)的句子。這個(gè)時(shí)候要注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和連接詞、轉(zhuǎn)折詞的用法。而當(dāng)我們需要制造懸疑；強(qiáng)調(diào)某一點(diǎn)，吸引讀者注意；或者做一個(gè)結(jié)論性的總結(jié)的時(shí)候，我們可以使用短句子營(yíng)造一種節(jié)奏，氛圍或表達(dá)一種結(jié)論性的語(yǔ)氣。

需要消化練習(xí)的方面

你私下寫(xiě)作的練習(xí)，可以考慮根據(jù)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展，在合適的地方使用長(zhǎng)句子和短句子。

好了，那我們現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始繼續(xù)第一周的練習(xí)。第一周分享后，我們留給大家的練習(xí)，使用下面的原文節(jié)選作為參考，用自己的語(yǔ)言來(lái)文字復(fù)述一遍主要內(nèi)容。

原文參考：

The soldiers tried to join in. But they were stuck in their box...except for the one legged soldier.

He had fallen behind a pile of toy building blocks. But he did not join in the games. He was gazing at the fairytale palace in the corner. It once belonged to Tom's sister. A paper ballerina doll stood in the doorway. The pretty ballerina was dancing on one leg. "She'd be a perfect wife for me," said the soldier.

Suddenly, the grumpy jack-in-the-box sprang out. "Keep your eyes to yourself!" The soldier ignored him. He smiled at the ballerina. She smiled back...

The jealous jack-in-the-box turned bright red. "Just wait!" he fumed.

The next morning, Tom found his missing soldier. He put him by the window. The cruel jack-in-the-box saw his chance. "Ha ha, so long soldier boy!" He took a deep breath, and blew as hard as he could. The tin soldier fell out of the window.

這次我們同樣分享兩個(gè)版本文字復(fù)述給大家參考：

第一篇復(fù)述文章：

While other toys were having fun and making a lot of noises, the tin soldier fought his way out from a pile of building blocks. He look around and saw a stunning ballerina. The tin soldier could not move his eyes away from her. There she was, quiet yet beautiful, dancing on one leg.

The tin soldier stared at the ballerina for such a long time that finally she noticed. The ballerina looked back at the tin soldier and smiled.

A jealous (envious) jack-in-the-box jumped in front of the tin soldier and angrily ordered him to stop looking at the ballerina. The tin soldier ignored him and smiled back to the ballerina. The jack-in-the-box felt offended and decided that he would seek revenge.

第二篇復(fù)述文章：

The Tin soldier had fallen into a pile of toy blocks. And that was when he saw the pretty ballerina made of paper who was dancing on an elegant stage. As for the most surprising part for him was that the ballerina was dancing on one leg. Romantic thoughts ran through his head as he said, “I would love for her to be my wife.”

"Spring tsk tsk”, went the noise of the Jack-in-the-Box, who always seemed to be grumpy ever since his owner had brought the Tin soldiers home. He felt extremely bothered by the one-legged-soldier as the soldier was watching the Ballerina doll dance. “STOP STARING AT HER!” The jack in the box exclaimed. All that he got was silence.

His face turned Bloody Red as his brows began to frown viciously when he saw the ballerina smiling back at the Soldier. “Karma will get you soon enough!”

Tom searched for his missing friend. Even the dumbest person in the world could tell that Tom was worried. A sudden feel of relief ran through Tom’s body as he found the missing soldier. Tom decided that the best place for him was on the windowsill, right beside the Jack-in-the-Box. After Tom left, the Jack-in-the-Box saw a chance to get the ballerina Doll to himself. ”BYE BYE Soldier, SEE YOU NEVER”!” as he pushed the soldier down and out of the open window.