分區(qū)

依據(jù)最新的聯(lián)合國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)事務(wù)部統(tǒng)計(jì)司的聯(lián)合國(guó)地理方案，為方便統(tǒng)計(jì)，把非洲分為北非、 撒哈拉以南非洲 （撒哈拉以南非洲分為中非、東非、南非、西非），共60個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。

北非

北非通常包括埃及、蘇丹、南蘇丹、利比亞、突尼斯、阿爾及利亞、摩洛哥、馬德拉群島（屬葡萄牙）、西屬摩洛哥（屬西班牙）、休達(dá)（屬西班牙）、梅利利亞（屬西班牙）、加那利群島（屬西班牙）。其中埃及、蘇丹和利比亞有時(shí)稱(chēng)為東北非。其余國(guó)家和地區(qū)稱(chēng)為西北非。北非的面積820多萬(wàn)平方千米，人口約1.2億，阿拉伯人占70%左右。西北部為阿特拉斯山，東南部為蘇丹草原的一部分，地中海和大西洋沿岸有狹窄的平原，其余地區(qū)大多為撒哈拉沙漠。本區(qū)不少農(nóng)礦產(chǎn)品占世界重要地位，原油占世界總產(chǎn)量5%，磷酸鹽占22%，棉花約占5%，阿拉伯樹(shù)膠占80%以上，其他還有栓皮、油橄欖、柑橘、葡萄、椰棗、無(wú)花果等。

東非

東非通常包括埃塞俄比亞、厄立特里亞、索馬里、吉布提、肯尼亞、坦桑尼亞、烏干達(dá)、塞舌爾、盧旺達(dá)、布隆迪。有時(shí)也把蘇丹作為東非的一部分。東非面積約370萬(wàn)平方千米，人口約1.3億，主要是班圖語(yǔ)系黑人，分布在南部；其次是，蓋拉族和阿姆哈拉族索馬里人，分布在北部。北部是非洲屋脊——埃塞俄比亞高原，南部是東非高原，印度洋沿岸有狹窄的平原，東非大裂谷縱貫東非高原中部和西部，本區(qū)所產(chǎn)咖啡約占世界總產(chǎn)量14%，劍麻約占25%以上，丁香供應(yīng)量占世界丁香供應(yīng)量的80%以上。茶葉、甘蔗、棉花也在非洲占重要地位。

西非

西非包括毛里塔尼亞、塞內(nèi)加爾、岡比亞、馬里、布基納法索、幾內(nèi)亞、幾內(nèi)亞比紹、佛得角、塞拉利昂、利比里亞、科特迪瓦、加納、多哥、貝寧、尼日爾、西撒哈拉（地區(qū)）[6]? 、尼日利亞和圣赫勒拿島（屬英國(guó)）。面積約656萬(wàn)平方千米。其中黑人約占總?cè)丝诘?5%，其余多為阿拉伯人。本區(qū)北部屬撒哈拉沙漠，中部屬蘇丹草原，南部為上幾內(nèi)亞高原，沿海有狹窄的平原。本區(qū)所產(chǎn)金剛石約占世界總產(chǎn)量12%，鋁土礦約占非洲總產(chǎn)量90%以上，可可和棕櫚仁均占世界總產(chǎn)量50%以上，棕櫚油約占38%，花生約占11%，咖啡、天然橡膠在世界上也占有一定地位。

中非

中非通常包括乍得、中非共和國(guó)、喀麥隆、赤道幾內(nèi)亞、加蓬、剛果（布）、剛果（金）、圣多美和普林西比，有時(shí)也把贊比亞、津巴布韋和馬拉維作為中非的一部分。面積536萬(wàn)多平方千米，人口約5600萬(wàn)，其中班圖系黑人約占80%，分布在南部。其余為蘇丹語(yǔ)系黑人，分布在北部。本區(qū)北部屬撒哈拉沙漠，中部屬蘇丹草原，南部屬剛果盆地，西南部屬下幾內(nèi)亞高原。剛果盆地面積約337萬(wàn)平方千米，中心部分最低處海拔僅200米，四周的高原、山地一般高達(dá)海拔1000米以上。所產(chǎn)金剛石占世界總產(chǎn)量30%左右，錳礦石占12%，銅、鈷、鈾、錫、鐳、鈮、鉭等礦物產(chǎn)量都在世界上占重要地位。棕櫚油、棕櫚仁、天然橡膠、可可也很重要。

南非

南非通常包括博茨瓦納、納米比亞、安哥拉、南非共和國(guó)、斯威士蘭、萊索托、馬達(dá)加斯加、馬拉維、科摩羅、毛里求斯、莫桑比克、贊比亞、津巴布韋、馬約特島、留尼汪島、英屬印度洋領(lǐng)土、法屬南半球和南極領(lǐng)地等。面積661萬(wàn)多平方千米，人口約1億，其中班圖語(yǔ)系黑人占85%，馬來(lái)－波利尼西亞語(yǔ)系的馬達(dá)加斯加人占9%，歐洲白種人占5%以上：南非高原為本區(qū)地形的主體，高原中部地勢(shì)低洼為卡拉哈迪盆地，四周隆起為高原和山地，本區(qū)所產(chǎn)金約占世界總產(chǎn)量71.83%，金剛石、鉻礦石約占28.17%，鉆石、鈾礦、銅、釩、鋰、鈹、鈷，石棉的產(chǎn)量在世界上也占重要地位。

地理境域

非洲位于東半球的西南部，地跨赤道南北，西北部的部分地區(qū)伸入西半球。東瀕印度洋，西臨大西洋，北隔地中海和直布羅陀海峽與歐洲相望，東北隅以狹長(zhǎng)的紅海與蘇伊士運(yùn)河緊鄰亞洲。大陸東至哈豐角（東經(jīng)51°24′、北緯10°27′），南至厄加勒斯角（東經(jīng)20°02′、南緯34°51′），西至佛得角（西經(jīng)17°33′、北緯14°45′），北至吉蘭角（本賽卡角）（東經(jīng)9°50′、北緯37°21′）。約3020萬(wàn)平方公里（包括附近島嶼）。約占世界陸地總面積的20.2%，次于亞洲，為世界第二大洲。（如下↓）

礦產(chǎn)資源

非洲已探明的礦物資源種類(lèi)多，儲(chǔ)量大。石油、天然氣蘊(yùn)藏豐富；鐵、錳、鉻、鈷、鎳、釩、銅、鉛、鋅、錫、磷酸鹽等儲(chǔ)量很大；黃金、金剛石久負(fù)盛名；鈾礦脈的相繼被發(fā)現(xiàn)，引起世人矚目。許多礦物的儲(chǔ)量位居世界的前列。

石油

2014年，非洲儲(chǔ)量占世界近12%多，其中，撒哈拉區(qū)油占世界12%，20多個(gè)產(chǎn)油國(guó)中尼日利亞、阿爾及利亞、利比亞、安哥拉和埃及五國(guó)的產(chǎn)油量約占非洲總量80%以上。

蘊(yùn)藏石油的部分國(guó)家有：阿爾及利亞、尼日利亞、利比亞、安哥拉，埃及，貝寧、赤道幾內(nèi)亞、剛果（布）、加蓬、喀麥隆、科特迪瓦、蘇丹、坦桑尼亞、突尼斯等。

鉑、鉻、錳、鈀

2014年，非洲鉑和鈀儲(chǔ)量占世界89%；錳礦和鉻礦儲(chǔ)量分別占世界83%和91%。

鉑和鈀集中在南非；鉻礦集中在南非和津巴布韋；錳礦集中在南非和加蓬。

鉆石

2014年，非洲儲(chǔ)量占世界60%，剛果（金）金剛石產(chǎn)量居世界第一位。

集中在剛果（金）、博茨瓦納和南非。

黃金、磷酸鹽、鈷

2014年，非洲儲(chǔ)量皆占世界50%以上，阿特拉斯區(qū)是世界三大磷酸鹽產(chǎn)地之一，南非黃金產(chǎn)量居世界第一位。

金礦主要分布在南非、加納、津巴布韋、剛果（金）、坦桑尼亞和馬里；磷酸鹽集中在摩洛哥，是著名的磷酸鹽生產(chǎn)國(guó)；鈷礦集中在剛果（金）和贊比亞。

鈾、鉭，銫、鋯，石墨、礬土

2014年，非洲儲(chǔ)量皆占世界30%以上，其中，赤道幾內(nèi)亞的礬土儲(chǔ)量占世界27%

鈾集中在南非；鉭礦集中在莫桑比克；石墨集中在馬達(dá)加斯加；礬土分布在幾內(nèi)亞、南非、博茨瓦納、幾內(nèi)亞比紹、加納、津巴布韋等。

鐵、銅、鋅、鋁土

2014年，非洲儲(chǔ)量皆占世界20%以上。

剛果盆地外環(huán)區(qū)為金屬礦主要分布區(qū)，剛果（金）和贊比亞的銅礦以儲(chǔ)量大、品位高著名。西非區(qū)主要有鐵礦和鋁土礦，利比里亞鐵礦著名，幾內(nèi)亞鋁土礦儲(chǔ)量居世界首位。

植物資源

非洲的植物至少有40000種以上。森林面積占非洲總面積的21%。盛產(chǎn)紅木、黑檀木、花梨木、柯巴樹(shù)、烏木、樟樹(shù)、栲樹(shù)、胡桃木、黃漆木、栓皮櫟等經(jīng)濟(jì)林木。草原遼闊，面積占非洲總面積的27%，居各洲首位?？砷_(kāi)發(fā)的水力資源豐富。

動(dòng)物資源

非洲以野生動(dòng)物品種及數(shù)量繁多而聞名，大型有蹄類(lèi)哺乳動(dòng)物（約90多種）和淡水魚(yú)（2000多種）比其他各洲都多。魚(yú)類(lèi)約有3000個(gè)物種，兩棲動(dòng)物有約238種，爬行動(dòng)物有58種，鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)有589種，哺乳動(dòng)物有1100種。

可惜啊，有這么好的地，當(dāng)?shù)厝藚s不思進(jìn)取，還是得學(xué)學(xué)日本。

partition

According to the latest United Nationsgeographical program of the Statistics Division of the United NationsDepartment of Economic and Social Affairs, for the convenience of statistics,Africa is divided into North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa (sub-Saharan Africa isdivided into Central Africa, East Africa, South Africa, West Africa), a totalof 60 countries and regions.

North Africa

North Africa usually includes Egypt, Sudan,South Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Madeira (Portugal), SpanishMorocco (Spain), Ceuta (Spain), Melilla (Spain), and the Canary Islands(Spain). Egypt, Sudan and Libya are sometimes called North East Africa. Theremaining countries and regions are called Northwest Africa. North Africacovers an area of more than 8.2 million square kilometers and has a populationof about 120 million, 70% of which are Arabs. Atlas Mountains in the northwest,part of the Sudanese steppe in the southeast, narrow plains along theMediterranean and Atlantic coasts, and most of the rest of the Sahara desert.Many AGRICULTURAL AND MINERAL PRODUCTS IN THIS REGION OCCUPY AN IMPORTANTPOSITION IN THE WORLD. Crude oil accounts for 5% of the world's totalproduction, phosphate accounts for 22%, cotton accounts for 5%, Arabic gumaccounts for more than 80%, and other products include cork, olive, citrus,grape, date palm and figs.

In East Africa

East Africa usually includes Ethiopia,Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Seychelles, Rwanda, andBurundi. And sometimes Sudan as part of East Africa. East Africa covers an areaof about 3.7 million square kilometers, with a population of about 130 million,mainly black Bantu languages, distributed in the south; This is followed by theGaila and Amhara Somalis in the north. There are narrow plains along the coastof the Indian Ocean. The Great Rift Valley runs through the middle and west ofthe East African plateau. This region produces about 14% of the world's totalcoffee, over 25% of sisal, and over 80% of the world's supply of cloves. Tea,sugar cane and cotton are also important in Africa.

In west Africa

West Africa includes Mauritania, Senegal,Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Sierra Leone,Liberia, Cote d 'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Western Sahara (region)[6], Nigeria, and St. Helena (British territory). The area is about 6.56million square kilometers. Blacks make up about 85% of the population; the restare mostly Arabs. The northern part of this area is the Sahara desert, themiddle part of the Sudanese grassland, the southern part of the upper Guineaplateau, there are narrow coastal plains. The diamond production in this regionaccounts for 12% of the world's total production, bauxite accounts for morethan 90% of Africa's total production, cocoa and palm kernel account for morethan 50% of the world's total production, palm oil accounts for about 38%,peanuts account for about 11%, coffee and natural rubber also occupy a certainposition in the world.

The central African

Central Africa usually includes Chad,Central African Republic, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, CongoBrazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo, SAO Tome and Principe, and sometimesZambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi as part of Central Africa. It covers an area ofmore than 5.36 million square kilometers and has a population of about 56million, among which Bantu blacks account for about 80% and are distributed inthe south. The rest are black Sudanese, in the north. The northern part of theregion is the Sahara desert, the middle part of the Sudanese grassland, thesouth part of the Congo basin, the southwest part of the Lower Guinea plateau.The Congo Basin covers an area of about 3.37 million square kilometers. Thelowest part of the central part is only 200 meters above sea level, and thesurrounding plateauts and mountains are generally as high as 1,000 meters abovesea level. The production of diamond accounts for about 30% of the world'stotal production, manganese ore accounts for 12%, copper, cobalt, uranium, tin,radium, niobium, tantalum and other minerals are important in the world. Palmoil, palm kernel, natural rubber, cocoa are also important.

South Africa

South Africa usually includes Botswana,Namibia, Angola, the Republic of South Africa, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar,Malawi, Comoros, Mauritius, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mayotte Island, LaRepublique, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the French Southern Hemisphereand the Antarctic Territory. It covers an area of more than 6.61 million squarekilometers and has a population of about 100 million, of which 85% are blackBantu, 9% Malagasy Malay Polynesian, and more than 5% are white European: TheSouth African plateau is the main part of the terrain in this region, with thelow-lying Kalahadi Basin in the central part of the plateau and the plateau andmountains around it. The gold production in this region accounts for about71.83% of the world's total output, and the diamond and chromium ores accountfor about 28.17%. The output of diamond, uranium ore, copper, vanadium,lithium, beryllium, cobalt and asbestos also plays an important role in theworld.

Geographic realm

Africa is located in the southwest of theEastern Hemisphere, north and south across the equator, part of the northwestjuts into the Western Hemisphere. East of the Indian Ocean, west of theAtlantic Ocean, north across the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltarand Europe, northeast corner with the narrow Red Sea and Suez Canal adjacent toAsia. The continent extends to Cape Haffon (51°24 'E, 10°27' N) in the east,Cape Agulhas (20°02 'E, 34°51' s) in the south, Cape Verde (17°33 'W, 14°45' N)in the west, and Cape Guillen (Cape Benseca) in the north (9°50 'E, 37°21' N).About 30.2 million square kilometers (including nearby islands). Accounting for20.2% of the world's total land area, it is the second largest continent in theworld after Asia. (below ↓)

Mineral resources

Africa has proven mineral resources of manykinds, large reserves. Rich in oil and natural gas; Iron, manganese, chromium,cobalt, nickel, vanadium, copper, lead, zinc, tin, phosphate and other largereserves; Gold and diamond have a long reputation; The discovery of uraniumveins has attracted worldwide attention. Reserves of many minerals are amongthe highest in the world of the Japan.

oil

In 2014, Africa's reserves accounted fornearly 12% of the world's total, of which the oil from the Sahara regionaccounted for 12%. Among the more than 20 oil-producing countries, Nigeria,Algeria, Libya, Angola and Egypt accounted for more than 80% of Africa's totaloil production. [8]

Some of the countries that contain oil areAlgeria, Nigeria, Libya, Angola, Egypt, Benin, Equatorial Guinea, Congo(Brazzaville), Gabon, Cameroon, Cote d 'Ivoire, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, etc.

Platinum, chromium, manganese, palladium

In 2014, Africa had 89% of the world'splatinum and palladium reserves; Manganese ore and chromium ore reservesaccount for 83% and 91% of the world respectively.

Platinum and palladium are concentrated inSouth Africa; Chromium mines are concentrated in South Africa and Zimbabwe;Manganese mines are concentrated in South Africa and Gabon.

diamond

In 2014, Africa's reserves accounted for60% of the world's total, and Congo (DRC) ranked first in diamond production.

Concentrated in Congo, Botswana and SouthAfrica.