bow? /ba?/???v??bows, bowing, bowed, bowed
1.
[?~ (down) (to/before sb/sth)
to move your head or the top half of your body forwards and downwards as a sign of respect or to say hello or goodbye鞠躬；點(diǎn)頭
?He bowed low to the assembled crowd.他向集結(jié)的人群深深地鞠了一躬。
?The people all bowed down before the Emperor.所有人都給皇帝鞠躬。?
2.
?to move your head forwards and downwards低（頭）；垂（首）
?She?bowed her head?in shame.她羞愧地低下了頭。
?They stood in silence with their heads bowed.他們默默地垂頭而立。?
3.
to bend or make sth bend（使）彎曲
?The pines bowed in the wind.松樹被風(fēng)吹彎了。?
?Their backs were bowed?
bow??/b??/??n? ? bows
1.
a weapon used for shooting arrows, consisting of a long curved piece of wood with a tight string joining its ends弓
?He was armed with a?bow and arrow?.他佩帶著弓箭。
2.
a knot with two?loops?and two loose ends which is used for decoration on clothes, in hair, etc. or for tying shoes蝴蝶結(jié)
?to tie your shoelaces in a bow把鞋帶打成蝴蝶結(jié)
?Her hair was tied back in a neat bow.她的頭發(fā)扎在腦后打了個整齊的蝴蝶結(jié)。?
3.
a long thin piece of wood with thin string stretched along it, used for playing musical instruments such as the?violin琴弓
bowl? ??/b??l/??-s
1.
a deep round dish with a wide open top, used especially for holding food or liquid?碗；缽；盆
?a?salad/fruit/sugar, etc. bowl色拉碗、水果盆、糖缽等
?a?washing-up bowl洗碗碟盆
bridge??/br?d?/??bridges
1. a structure that is built over a road, railway/railroad, river, etc. so that people or vehicles can cross from one side to the other橋
?We crossed the bridge over the river Windrush.我們穿過了溫德拉什河上的橋。?
2.
a thing that provides a connection or contact between two different things起聯(lián)系作用的事物；橋梁；紐帶
?Cultural exchanges are a way of?building bridges?between countries.文化交流是各國之間建立聯(lián)系的紐帶。
3.
the ~ of sb's nose? ?the hard part at the top of the nose, between the eyes鼻梁
bring? ? ?v. /br??/???brings, bringing, brought , brought? / br??t/?
1.
~ sb/sth (with you)
~ sth (for sb)
~ (sb) sth
to come to a place with sb/sth帶…到某處；帶來；取來
?Don't forget to bring your books with you.別忘了把書帶來。?
?She brought her boyfriend to the party.她帶著男朋友去參加聚會。?
?Bring a present for Helen.給海倫帶件禮物來。?
?Bring Helen a present.給海倫帶件禮物來。?
2.
~ sb/sth sth
~ sth to sb/sth
to provide sb/sth with sth提供；供給
?His writing brings him $10 000 a year.寫作每年為他賺1萬元。
?The team's new manager brings ten years' experience to the job.該隊(duì)的新經(jīng)理到任時(shí)已有十年的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。?
3.
to cause sth導(dǎo)致；引起
?The revolution brought many changes.這場革命導(dǎo)致很多變化。?
?The news?brought tears to his eyes?(= made him cry)?.這個消息使他不禁流下淚來。
?Retirement usually?brings with it?a massive drop in income.收入通常隨著退休而大大減少。
?bring sth←→about? ? ??
to make sth happen導(dǎo)致；引起
?What brought about the change in his attitude?是什么使他改變了態(tài)度？
build?? /b?ld/???builds, building,?built, built? ?/b?lt/?
1.
~ sth (of/in/from sth)
~ sth (for sb)
~ sb sth
to make sth, especially a building, by putting parts together建筑；建造
?They have permission to build 200 new houses.他們得到建200座新房的許可。?
?Robins build nests almost anywhere.知更鳥幾乎隨處筑巢。?
?a house built of stone用石頭建造的房子
?They had a house built for them.他們讓人給他們建了一棟房子。?
?David built us a shed in the back yard.戴維幫我們在后院搭了個棚子。?
?They're going to build on the site of the old power station.他們要在老發(fā)電站那里蓋房子。?
2.
?to create or develop sth創(chuàng)建；開發(fā)
?She's built a new career for herself.她為自己開辟了一條新的謀生之路。?
?We want to build a better life.我們想創(chuàng)造更美好的生活。?
?This information will help us build a picture of his attacker.這條信息將有助于描畫出襲擊他的人的相貌。?
3.
[?V]?(?of a feeling感覺?)?to become gradually stronger?逐漸增強(qiáng)
?The tension and excitement built gradually all day.整個一天中，緊張與興奮的氣氛越來越濃。?
by ?prep?? /ba?/?
1.
near sb/sth; at the side of sb/sth; beside sb/sth靠近；在…旁邊
?a house by the river?河邊的一所房子
?The telephone is by the window.?電話在窗戶旁邊。?
?Come and sit by me.?過來挨著我坐。?
2.
used, usually after a passive verb, to show who or what does, creates or causes sth（常置于表示被動的動詞后，表示使為者）
?He was knocked down by a bus.?他被公共汽車撞倒了。?
?a play by Ibsen?易卜生寫的劇本
?Who's that book by??誰是那本書的作者？?
?I was frightened by the noise.?我被那響聲嚇壞了。?
3.
used for showing how or in what way sth is done（表示方式）
?The house is heated by gas.?這房子是煤氣供暖的。?
?May I pay by cheque??我能用支票付款嗎？?
?I will contact you by letter.?我會給你寫信聯(lián)系的。?
?to travel?by boat/bus/car/plane?乘船╱公共汽車╱轎車╱飛機(jī)
?to travel?by air/land/sea?坐飛機(jī)；經(jīng)陸路╱海路
?Switch it on by pressing this button.?按下這個開關(guān)啟動它。?
4.
used before particular nouns without?the?, to say that sth happens as a result of sth（置于不帶the的名詞前，表示原因）由于
?They met by chance.?他們不期而遇。?
?I did it by mistake.?我誤做了這事。?
?The coroner's verdict was ‘death by misadventure’.?驗(yàn)尸官判定是“意外致死”。
5.
not later than the time mentioned; before不遲于；在…之前
?Can you finish the work by five o'clock??你五點(diǎn)鐘前能完成工作嗎？?
?I'll have it done by tomorrow.?我將于明天之前讓人做完這件事。?
?By this time next week we'll be in New York.?下星期的這個時(shí)候我們將在紐約。?
?He ought to have arrived?by now/by this time?.?他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到了。
?By the time (that)?this letter reaches you I will have left the country.?你收到這封信時(shí)，我已離開這個國家了。
6.
past sb/sth經(jīng)過
?He walked by me without speaking.?他一言不發(fā)地從我身邊走過。?
7.
during sth; in a particular situation在…期間；處于某種狀況
?to travel?by day/night?白天╱夜間旅行
?We had to work by candlelight.?我們不得不借助燭光工作。?
8.
used to show the degree or amount of sth（表示程度、數(shù)量）
?The bullet missed him by two inches.?子彈只差兩英寸就擊中他了。?
?House prices went up by 10%.?房價(jià)上漲了10%。
?It would be better by far?(= much better)?to...?那比…好得多。
9.
from what sth shows or says; according to sth從…看；依；按照
?By my watch it is two o'clock.?我的表是兩點(diǎn)鐘。?
?I could tell by the look on her face that something terrible had happened.?從她的臉色我可以看出，發(fā)生了可怕的事情。?
?By law, you are a child until you are 18.?按照法律規(guī)定，18歲之前是未成年人。?
10.
used to show the part of sb/sth that sb touches, holds, etc.（表示觸及或抓住的人或物的部分）
?I took him by the hand.?我拉著他的手。?
?She seized her by the hair.?她揪住她的頭發(fā)。?
?Pick it up by the handle!?抓著手柄把它提起來！?
11.
used with?the?to show the period or quantity used for buying, selling or measuring sth（與the連用，表示時(shí)間或量度單位）
?We rented the car by the day.?我們按日租用汽車。?
?They're paid by the hour.?他們的報(bào)酬是按小時(shí)計(jì)算的。?
?We only sell it by the metre.?我們只按米出售。?
12.
used to state the rate at which sth happens（表示速率）
?They're improving day by day.?他們在一天天地改進(jìn)。?
?We'll do it bit by bit.?我們會一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地做。?
?It was getting worse by the minute?(= very fast)?.?情況急速惡化。?
?The children came in two by two?(= in groups of two)?.?孩子們一對一對地走了進(jìn)來。?
13.
used for giving more information about where sb comes from, what sb does, etc.（補(bǔ)充有關(guān)出生地、職業(yè)等的信息）
?He's German by birth.?他是德國血統(tǒng)的。?
?They're both doctors by profession.?他們兩人的職業(yè)都是醫(yī)生。?
14.
used when swearing to mean‘in the name of’?（起誓時(shí)用）以…的名義
?I swear by Almighty God...?我以全能上帝之名發(fā)誓…
15.
used to show the measurements of sth（表示尺寸時(shí)用）
?The room measures fifteen feet by twenty feet.?房間15英尺寬20英尺長。?
16.
used when multiplying or dividing（用于乘除運(yùn)算）
?6 multiplied by 2 equals 12.?6乘以2等于12。
?6 divided by 2 equals 3.?6除以2等于3。
by? ?adv
past? 經(jīng)過
?Just drive by. Don't stop.直接開過去。別停車。
?He hurried by without speaking to me.他沒和我說話就匆匆過去了。?
?Excuse me, I can't get by.勞駕，請讓開點(diǎn)路。?
?Time goes by so quickly.時(shí)光飛逝。?
camera? ??n.? ? -s??? ?/?k?m?r?/?
a piece of equipment for taking photographs, moving pictures or television pictures照相機(jī)；（電影）攝影機(jī)；（電視）攝像機(jī)
??Just point the camera and press the button.只要把照相機(jī)對準(zhǔn)，然后按動快門就可以了。
??Cameras started clicking as soon as she stepped out of the car.她一跨出汽車，照相機(jī)就開始咔嚓咔嚓地響成一片。
??a?TV/video camera電視攝像機(jī)；攝像機(jī)
??a camera crew攝制組
camp? ? /k?mp/?? -s /s/
1.
a place where people live temporarily in tents or temporary buildings營地
?Let's return to camp.咱們回營地吧。?
?to?pitch/make camp?(= put up tents)扎營；搭帳篷
?to break camp?(= to take down tents)拔營
2.
?a place where young people go on holiday/vacation and take part in various activities or a particular activity度假營
?a tennis camp網(wǎng)球度假營
?He spent two weeks at camp this summer.他今年夏天在度假營玩了兩個星期。?
?summer camp夏令營
3.
[?C]?(?used in compounds用于構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞?)?a place where people are kept in temporary buildings or tents, especially by a government and often for long periods?（尤指政府讓人長時(shí)間住宿的）營房，營帳
?a refugee camp難民營
?a camp guard拘留營看守
go camping? ?去野營
