隨著服務(wù)器的增多,網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境越來越復(fù)雜,linux網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理越來越顯的重要,接下來我們介紹一下linux網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理命令來提高運(yùn)維效率。

ping檢查網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性
ping 常常用來測試與目的主機(jī)的連通性。
可以ping通
[root@chao ~]# ping 172.16.1.254
PING 172.16.1.254 (172.16.1.254) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.529 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.297 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.135 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.245 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=0.214 ms
^C
--- 172.16.1.254 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.135/0.284/0.529/0.133 ms
[root@chao ~]#
不可以ping通
[root@chao ~]# ping 172.16.1.250
PING 172.16.1.250 (172.16.1.250) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=8 Destination Host Unreachable
^C
--- 172.16.1.250 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 0 received, +8 errors, 100% packet loss, time 8003ms
pipe 4
配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)
設(shè)置ip
[root@chao ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 172.16.1.114 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
更改MAC地址
[root@chao ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 hw ether 00:0c:29:0b:07:77
修改路由表
顯示路由表
[root@chao ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination? ? Gateway? ? ? ? Genmask? ? ? ? Flags Metric Ref? ? Use Iface
0.0.0.0? ? ? ? 172.16.1.254? ? 0.0.0.0? ? ? ? UG? ? 100? ? 0? ? ? ? 0 ens33
172.16.1.0? ? ? 0.0.0.0? ? ? ? 255.255.255.0? U? ? 100? ? 0? ? ? ? 0 ens33
192.168.122.0? 0.0.0.0? ? ? ? 255.255.255.0? U? ? 0? ? ? 0? ? ? ? 0 virbr0
添加路由
[root@chao ~]# route add -net 172.16.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.1.254
刪除路由
[root@chao ~]# route del -net 172.16.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
查看網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)
查看所有端口
[root@chao ~]# netstat -a|head -4
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address? ? ? ? ? Foreign Address? ? ? ? State? ? ?
tcp? ? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 0.0.0.0:sunrpc? ? ? ? ? 0.0.0.0:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? LISTEN? ?
tcp? ? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 chao:domain? ? ? ? ? ? 0.0.0.0:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? LISTEN? ?
查看tcp端口
[root@chao ~]# netstat -at
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address? ? ? ? ? Foreign Address? ? ? ? State? ? ?
tcp? ? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 0.0.0.0:sunrpc? ? ? ? ? 0.0.0.0:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? LISTEN? ?
tcp? ? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 chao:domain? ? ? ? ? ? 0.0.0.0:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? LISTEN? ?
tcp? ? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 0.0.0.0:ssh? ? ? ? ? ? 0.0.0.0:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? LISTEN? ?
tcp? ? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset 0.0.0.0:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? LISTEN? ?
tcp? ? ? ? 0? ? 36 chao:ssh? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 172.16.1.100:57418? ? ? ESTABLISHED
tcp6? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 [::]:sunrpc? ? ? ? ? ? [::]:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? LISTEN? ?
tcp6? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 [::]:ssh? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [::]:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? LISTEN? ?
tcp6? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset [::]:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? LISTEN
查看udp端口
[root@chao ~]# netstat -au
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address? ? ? ? ? Foreign Address? ? ? ? State? ? ?
udp? ? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 chao:domain? ? ? ? ? ? 0.0.0.0:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
udp? ? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 0.0.0.0:bootps? ? ? ? ? 0.0.0.0:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
udp? ? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 localhost:323? ? ? ? ? 0.0.0.0:*? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
udp6? ? ? 0? ? ? 0 localhost:323? ? ? ? ? [::]:*? ? ? ? ? ?
traceroute查看路由信息
[root@chao ~]# traceroute to www.baidu.com (103.235.46.39), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1? gateway (172.16.1.254)? 0.132 ms? 0.062 ms? 0.086 ms
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telnet測試遠(yuǎn)程端口
[root@chao ~]# telnet 172.16.1.16 80
wget下載網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件
[root@chao ~]# wget https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.43.tar.gz