elasticsearch多字段聚合實現(xiàn)方式

1、背景

我們知道在sql中是可以實現(xiàn) group by 字段a,字段b，那么這種效果在elasticsearch中該如何實現(xiàn)呢？此處我們記錄在elasticsearch中的3種方式來實現(xiàn)這個效果。

2、實現(xiàn)多字段聚合的思路

實現(xiàn)多字段聚合的思路

從上圖中，我們可以知道，可以通過3種方式來實現(xiàn) 多字段的聚合操作。

3、需求

根據(jù)省(province)和性別(sex)來進行聚合，然后根據(jù)聚合后的每個桶的數(shù)據(jù)，在根據(jù)每個桶中的最大年齡(age)來進行倒序排序。

4、數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備

4.1 創(chuàng)建索引

PUT /index_person
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": {
        "type": "long"
      },
      "name": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "province": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "sex": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "age": {
        "type": "integer"
      },
      "address": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "fields": {
          "keyword": {
            "type": "keyword",
            "ignore_above": 256
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

4.2 準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)

PUT /_bulk
{"create":{"_index":"index_person","_id":1}}
{"id":1,"name":"張三","sex":"男","age":20,"province":"湖北","address":"湖北省黃岡市羅田縣匡河鎮(zhèn)"}
{"create":{"_index":"index_person","_id":2}}
{"id":2,"name":"李四","sex":"男","age":19,"province":"江蘇","address":"江蘇省南京市"}
{"create":{"_index":"index_person","_id":3}}
{"id":3,"name":"王武","sex":"女","age":25,"province":"湖北","address":"湖北省武漢市江漢區(qū)"}
{"create":{"_index":"index_person","_id":4}}
{"id":4,"name":"趙六","sex":"女","age":30,"province":"北京","address":"北京市東城區(qū)"}
{"create":{"_index":"index_person","_id":5}}
{"id":5,"name":"錢七","sex":"女","age":16,"province":"北京","address":"北京市西城區(qū)"}
{"create":{"_index":"index_person","_id":6}}
{"id":6,"name":"王八","sex":"女","age":45,"province":"北京","address":"北京市朝陽區(qū)"}

5、實現(xiàn)方式

5.1 multi_terms實現(xiàn)

5.1.1 dsl

GET /index_person/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "agg_province_sex": {
      "multi_terms": {
        "size": 10,
        "shard_size": 25,
        "order":{
          "max_age": "desc"    
        },
        "terms": [
          {
            "field": "province",
            "missing": "defaultProvince"
          },
          {
            "field": "sex"
          }
        ]
      },
      "aggs": {
        "max_age": {
          "max": {
            "field": "age"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

5.1.2 java 代碼

    @Test
    @DisplayName("多term聚合-根據(jù)省和性別聚合，然后根據(jù)最大年齡倒序")
    public void agg01() throws IOException {

        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest.Builder()
                .size(0)
                .index("index_person")
                .aggregations("agg_province_sex", agg ->
                        agg.multiTerms(multiTerms ->
                                        multiTerms.terms(term -> term.field("province"))
                                                .terms(term -> term.field("sex"))
                                                .order(new NamedValue<>("max_age", SortOrder.Desc))
                                )
                                .aggregations("max_age", ageAgg ->
                                        ageAgg.max(max -> max.field("age")))

                )
                .build();
        System.out.println(searchRequest);
        SearchResponse<Object> response = client.search(searchRequest, Object.class);
        System.out.println(response);
    }

5.1.3 運行結(jié)果

運行結(jié)果

5.2 script實現(xiàn)

5.2.1 dsl

GET /index_person/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "runtime_mappings": {
    "runtime_province_sex": {
      "type": "keyword",
      "script": """
          String province = doc['province'].value;
          String sex = doc['sex'].value;
          emit(province + '|' + sex);
      """
    }
  },
  "aggs": {
    "agg_province_sex": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "runtime_province_sex",
        "size": 10,
        "shard_size": 25,
        "order": {
          "max_age": "desc"
        }
      },
      "aggs": {
        "max_age": {
          "max": {
            "field": "age"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

5.2.2 java代碼

@Test
    @DisplayName("多term聚合-根據(jù)省和性別聚合，然后根據(jù)最大年齡倒序")
    public void agg02() throws IOException {

        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest.Builder()
                .size(0)
                .index("index_person")
                .runtimeMappings("runtime_province_sex", field -> {
                    field.type(RuntimeFieldType.Keyword);
                    field.script(script -> script.inline(new InlineScript.Builder()
                            .lang(ScriptLanguage.Painless)
                            .source("String province = doc['province'].value;\n" +
                                    "          String sex = doc['sex'].value;\n" +
                                    "          emit(province + '|' + sex);")
                            .build()));
                    return field;
                })
                .aggregations("agg_province_sex", agg ->
                        agg.terms(terms ->
                                        terms.field("runtime_province_sex")
                                                .size(10)
                                                .shardSize(25)
                                                .order(new NamedValue<>("max_age", SortOrder.Desc))
                                )
                                .aggregations("max_age", minAgg ->
                                        minAgg.max(max -> max.field("age")))
                )
                .build();
        System.out.println(searchRequest);
        SearchResponse<Object> response = client.search(searchRequest, Object.class);
        System.out.println(response);
    }

5.2.3 運行結(jié)果

運行結(jié)果

5.3 通過copyto實現(xiàn)

我本地測試過，通過copyto沒實現(xiàn)，此處故先不考慮

5.4 通過pipeline來實現(xiàn)

實現(xiàn)思路：
創(chuàng)建mapping時，多創(chuàng)建一個字段pipeline_province_sex，該字段的值由創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)時指定pipeline來生產(chǎn)。

5.4.1 創(chuàng)建mapping

PUT /index_person
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": {
        "type": "long"
      },
      "name": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "province": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "sex": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "age": {
        "type": "integer"
      },
      "pipeline_province_sex":{
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "address": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "fields": {
          "keyword": {
            "type": "keyword",
            "ignore_above": 256
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

此處指定了一個字段pipeline_province_sex，該字段的值會由pipeline來處理。

5.4.2 創(chuàng)建pipeline

PUT _ingest/pipeline/pipeline_index_person_provice_sex
{
  "description": "將provice和sex的值拼接起來",
  "processors": [
    {
      "set": {
        "field": "pipeline_province_sex",
        "value": ["{{province}}", "{{sex}}"]
      }, 
      "join": {
        "field": "pipeline_province_sex",
        "separator": "|"
      }
    }
  ]
}

5.4.3 插入數(shù)據(jù)

PUT /_bulk?pipeline=pipeline_index_person_provice_sex
{"create":{"_index":"index_person","_id":1}}
{"id":1,"name":"張三","sex":"男","age":20,"province":"湖北","address":"湖北省黃岡市羅田縣匡河鎮(zhèn)"}
{"create":{"_index":"index_person","_id":2}}
{"id":2,"name":"李四","sex":"男","age":19,"province":"江蘇","address":"江蘇省南京市"}
{"create":{"_index":"index_person","_id":3}}
{"id":3,"name":"王武","sex":"女","age":25,"province":"湖北","address":"湖北省武漢市江漢區(qū)"}
{"create":{"_index":"index_person","_id":4}}
{"id":4,"name":"趙六","sex":"女","age":30,"province":"北京","address":"北京市東城區(qū)"}
{"create":{"_index":"index_person","_id":5}}
{"id":5,"name":"錢七","sex":"女","age":16,"province":"北京","address":"北京市西城區(qū)"}
{"create":{"_index":"index_person","_id":6}}
{"id":6,"name":"王八","sex":"女","age":45,"province":"北京","address":"北京市朝陽區(qū)"}

注意： 此處的插入需要指定上一步的pipeline
PUT /_bulk?pipeline=pipeline_index_person_provice_sex

5.4.4 聚合dsl

GET /index_person/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "agg_province_sex": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "pipeline_province_sex",
        "size": 10,
        "shard_size": 25,
        "order": {
          "max_age": "desc"   
        }
      }, 
      "aggs": {
        "max_age": {
          "max": {
            "field": "age"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

5.4.5 運行結(jié)果

運行結(jié)果

6、實現(xiàn)代碼

https://gitee.com/huan1993/spring-cloud-parent/blob/master/es/es8-api/src/main/java/com/huan/es8/aggregations/bucket/MultiTermsAggs.java

7、參考文檔

  1. https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-aggregations-bucket-terms-aggregation.html
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