2022年高考英語復(fù)習(xí)之微技能：英語作文的“六大高分原則”

一、寫好簡單句式,?奠定語言基礎(chǔ)

1.?主謂(SV):?主語+謂語(不及物動詞)

此句式用來表達主語的動作或狀態(tài)。其特點是句子的謂語動詞為不及物動詞,?本身能表達完整的意思,?可以根據(jù)意思表達的需要添加副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①The big day has finally arrived.

大日子終于到來了。

②With butterflies in my stomach, ?I breathed deeply.?由于緊張,?我深呼了一口氣。

【輸出佳句】

①上午七點鐘,?我們從學(xué)校大門口出發(fā)。

At 7 a. m. ?we started at the school gate. ?

②幾分鐘后,?那只黑熊回來了。

A few minutes later, ?the black bear came back. ?

2.?主系表(SVP):?主語+系動詞+表語

此句式側(cè)重說明主語是什么或怎么樣,?其中謂語動詞需用系動詞,?表語多是形容詞,?也可以是名詞、介詞短語、不定式或動名詞等。

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①The campus was still very quiet when I arrived.

當(dāng)我到達時,?校園還很安靜。

②Thinking is more important than note-taking and memorizing.?思考比記筆記和記憶更重要。

【輸出佳句】

①這次比賽的目的是鼓勵我們學(xué)生多關(guān)注身體鍛煉。

The purpose of this race was to inspire us students to pay more attention to physical exercise. ?

②我的英語老師對我們既嚴格又有愛心。

My English teacher is both strict with us and full of love for us. ??

3.?主謂賓(SVO):?主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語

此句式的特點為謂語動詞均為及物動詞,?其后必須接一個賓語,?即動作的承受者,?才能表達完整的意思。賓語可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞或不定式、賓語從句等。

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①?You will have two options for your future.

你的未來可以有兩種選擇。

②I have decided not to go to university.

我已經(jīng)決定不去上大學(xué)。

【輸出佳句】

①我們的表演需要您的指導(dǎo)。

We need your guidance on our performance. ?

②中國擁有悠久的歷史和豐富的文化。

China enjoys a long history and rich culture. ?

4.?主謂賓賓(SVOO):?主語+謂語+間賓+直賓

此句式中的謂語動詞必須接兩個賓語才能表達完整意思,?其中一個是表示人的間接賓語,?另一個是表示物的直接賓語。一般情況下間接賓語在前,?直接賓語在后。

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①Give your friends a hand when they need it.

?當(dāng)朋友需要幫助時,?就伸出你的援手。

②Why did she send me a wrong message? ?

為什么她給我發(fā)錯誤的信息呢?

【輸出佳句】

①她表揚了約翰的提議并給他提供了一些建議。

She praised John for his proposal, ?and offered him some advice. ?

②自從我們上高中以來,?他一直教我們英語。

He has been teaching us English since we entered senior high school. ?

5.?主謂賓補(SVOC):?主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語

此句式中的謂語動詞雖然是及物動詞,?但只接一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思,?必須再加一個成分對賓語進行補充說明才能使句子意思完整。賓語補足語可以由名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞-ing、動詞不定式或動詞的過去分詞等充當(dāng)。

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①Although I was embarrassed, ?his words made me a lot more relaxed.

盡管我很尷尬,?但是他的話讓我放松多了。

②Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure.

像這樣的挑戰(zhàn)有時可能會給你帶來壓力。

【輸出佳句】

①我們決定以優(yōu)秀同學(xué)為榜樣,?讓我們自己對整個社會更有用。

We are determined to follow the examples of our excellent schoolmates and make ourselves useful to the whole society. ?

②最后,?那頭熊在籬笆上撕了個洞,?把頭伸了進來。

At last, ?the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in. ?

6. There be?句型

There be?句型用來表達某處存在某人或某物,?其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“There be +主語”,?動詞be的人稱和數(shù)要和后面的主語保持一致。

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①There are many similar cities and towns in China.?在中國有許多類似的城鎮(zhèn)。

②Is there anything else in particular that you would like to share with us?

還有其他特別的你愿意和我們分享的嗎?

【輸出佳句】

①在我們周圍有許多值得尊重的人。

There are many respectable people around us. ?

②有一條小河流經(jīng)這家農(nóng)場。

There is a small river flowing through the farm. ?

二、錘煉高級詞匯, 力求語言生動

1.?詞匯華麗變身:?替換常用簡單詞

(1)名詞變身

機會chance→opportunity

選擇choice→alternative

課程course→curriculum

影響effect→influence/impact

后果result→consequence

缺點shortcoming→drawback

方法way→approach

職業(yè)job→career/profession

建議advice→guidance

問題problem→issue

老人old people→the elderly/the aged/senior citizens

青少年young people→youngsters/youths/adolescents

幾天前a few days ago→the other day

(2)動詞變身

看見see→catch sight of

遇見meet→come across

喜歡like→have a passion for/be fond of/have an affection for

引起cause→lead to/result in/give rise to

擁有have→possess

提高develop/improve→promote

替代replace→substitute

注意到notice→spot

完成finish→accomplish

面對face→be faced with/be confronted with

容忍bear→tolerate/put up with

處理deal with→cope with

使某人意識到make sb. ?realize→raise sb.?’s awareness of

決定decide→determine/make up one’s mind

考慮consider→take into consideration/account

應(yīng)該should→be supposed to

理解understand→make sense of/figure out

使用use→employ/make use of/take advantage of

道歉apologize→make an apology

記住remember→keep in mind

發(fā)生happen→occur/come about

想起think of→occur to/come up with

感謝thank→appreciate

幫助某人help sb. →do sb. ?a favor

節(jié)省save→set aside

參觀visit→pay a visit to

分發(fā)hand out→distribute

站起來stand up→rise to one’s feet

由……組成be made up of→consist of

習(xí)慣于be used to→be accustomed to

一定be sure to do→be bound to do

反對be against→object to

厭煩be bored with→be fed up with

忙于be busy with→be occupied with/be engaged in

聞名be famous for→have a reputation for

感到舒服feel comfortable→feel at ease

美化校園make the school beautiful→beautify the school

想做某事want to do sth. →intend/desire to do sth.

照看look after→attend to

盡力做某事try one’s best to do sth. →spare no effort to do sth.

向某人尋求幫助ask sb. ?for help→turn to sb. ?for help

?(3)形容詞變身

令人驚奇的surprising→amazing/astonishing/shocking

貧窮的poor→needy/poverty/stricken

優(yōu)秀的excellent→outstanding

明顯的obvious→apparent/evident

常見的common→universal

充足的enough→adequate

勤奮的hard-working→diligent

可用的useable→available

困難的difficult→challenging

堅強的strong→tough

重要的important→significant/vital

不可能的impossible→out of the question

有趣的interesting→absorbing→striking/appealing

小心謹慎的careful→cautious

幸運的lucky→fortunate

巨大的large→enormous

合適的proper→appropriate

豐富的rich→abundant

古老的old→ancient

唯一的only→unique

全部的whole→entire

富裕的rich→wealthy

許多的many→a large quantity of

有空的free→available

有益處的be useful→be of benefit

高興的glad→delighted

激動的excited→thrilled

壞的bad→disgusting/awful

著名的famous→distinguished

(4)其他詞類變身

突然suddenly→all of a sudden

立即immediately→in a flash

有時sometimes→occasionally/once in a while/from time to time

另外;?況且besides→in addition/what’s more/moreover

因此so→therefore

第一;?首先first→to begin with/start with

第二;?其次second→in addition/what’s more

最終finally→eventually

關(guān)于about→concerning

也too→as well

否則or→otherwise

事實上in fact→as a matter of fact

故意地on purpose→by design/deliberately

總之in a word→to sum up/in conclusion/in summary

因為because of→on account of/due to/owing to/thanks to

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①On the one hand, ?too much praise might lead to children’s lack of?enthusiasmto?explore?new things, ?for they are afraid they won’t meet parents’?expectations. ?

②Considering the?enormousbenefits, ?which we can earn?steadilyfrom tennis practice, ?including preventing us from getting?shortsightedand helping us keep?physically healthy, ?we are lost in training course.

【輸出佳句】

①The special day allows people to?show their love and affection for(對……表達愛和情感) their fathers. ?

②It’s advisable/wise(是明智的)for people to use their cell-phones?more appropriately/properly(更恰當(dāng)?shù)?. ?

③Without sufficient preparation(沒有充分準備), ?you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly and obtain satisfactory marks, let alone be admitted into?a desirable university(夢想的大學(xué)). ?

④Tracy said she had already?informed Susan of(通知蘇珊) the change of the appointment. ?

⑤People generally thought it impossible for the Chinese team to win the championship in the Rio Olympic Games, but they?overcame many hurdles(克服許多障礙) and?eventually worked miracles/wonders(最終創(chuàng)造了奇跡). ?

⑥D(zhuǎn)rama Night?is scheduled to?(預(yù)定)be held on the evening of next Friday in the theatre hall. ?

⑦Additionally(此外), having been awarded scholarship twice in our school, I have?excellent academic performance(極好的學(xué)術(shù)成就). ?

⑧This phenomenon has?become a concern/focus?(成為焦點)we must face today because of?many serious consequences?(許多嚴重后果)caused by improper use of cell-phones. ?

2.?變化所用詞的詞性

在作文中, ?可以通過改變一個詞的詞性,?使文章富有變化, ?讓閱卷者感受到考生對詞匯各種用法的掌握水平和靈活運用的程度。常見的變化詞性的策略有名詞變動詞、動詞變名詞、形容詞變名詞等。

(1)名詞變動詞

People are concerned about the gradual?disappearance of?the traditional values.

→People are concerned because the traditional values are gradually?disappearing. ?

傳統(tǒng)價值觀正在漸漸地消亡, ?這讓人們很擔(dān)憂。

(2)動詞變名詞

After watching his performance, ?I found he could really?dance?very well. ?

→After watching his performance, ?I found him a really good?dancer.

看了他的表演之后, ?我發(fā)現(xiàn)他跳舞跳得很棒。?

(3)形容詞變名詞

I wrote a letter to Tom to thank him for his being so?kind.

→I wrote a letter to Tom to thank him for his?kindness.

我寫信給湯姆對他的善良表示感謝。?

3.?善用短語:?富有變化,?引人入勝

漢語高級短語

努力struggle for=strive for=spare no efforts for

從事embark on=set about=go in for

在當(dāng)代in contemporary society=in present-day society=in this day and age

大量的a host of=a great number of=a large amount of

更糟糕的是what’s worse=worse still=to make matters worse

遇見;?偶遇meet=run into=come across=meet with

依我看in my opinion=as far as I’m concerned=from my point of view

除了……之外(還有)besides=in addition to=apart from=as well as=along with

一方面,?另一方面on one hand, on the other hand=for one thing, for another thing

高度評價think highly of=sing high praise for=think well of

把……考慮在內(nèi)take. . . into consideration=take. . . into account

有資格的;?有能力的;?勝任的?be fit for=be equal to=be qualified for=be competent in

參加take part in/participate in

一些如何……的建議some advice/tips/suggestions on how to. . .

對……感到緊張feel nervous/anxious about

克服緊張;?緩解焦慮ease/overcome/get over

?nervousness/relieve anxiety

樹立信心;?對自己有信心?build up confidence/have confidence in yourself/be confident about yourself

對……有益的?be of great benefit=be beneficial to

對……有害的;?對……有損害的?do harm to/do damage to=be harmful to

接觸到;?有機會使用gain/have access to=be accessible to

對……(不)方便的be convenient/inconvenient for sb. to do=bring convenience

/inconvenience to sb.

對……有影響/作用have an effect/influence/impact on. . . /make a difference to sb.

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①For example, ?paper-cutting and Chinese knots are all?feasiblemethods of introducing our culture, ?which are also?more convenient to organize. ?

②The reasons why?I am qualified for?the job are as follows. ?

【輸出佳句】

①From my point of view(我認為), it’s true that cell-phones bring us lots of benefits and convenience, but only when they’re used more?appropriately(恰當(dāng)?shù)? can they serve us better. ?

②All my teachers and classmates?sing high praise for my proficiency(高度贊揚我的熟練) in both Chinese and English. ?

③Taking all your requirements into account/consideration(考慮到你的全部要求), I firmly believe I’m the right person you’re looking for. ?

④As for accommodation, I prefer to live with a local family because I want to improve my English and?experience authentic American culture close up(近距離體驗真實的美國文化). ?

⑤You are optimistic about life and always have confidence, whatever difficulty you may?encounter(遇見), which helps you stand out among the classmates.

⑥With the improvement of people’s living standards(隨著人們生活水平的提高), cell-phones are flooding into our life. ?

⑦We are sorry for any?inconvenience that we’ll bring to you(給您帶來的不便). Thanks for your understanding. ?

⑧Nowadays, the smart phones have found their way to every family and are playing a very important role in our life. They are beneficial to us in many ways. However, they also?do harm to us mentally and physically(有害于我們的身心健康). ?

⑨In addition, seldom do I have time to keep my parents company, so I decide to help my parents with some housework?to release/ease/lessen/reduce their pressure(緩解他們的壓力), which I think is of benefit to?enhancing the relationship(加強關(guān)系) between my family members. ?

三、運用復(fù)雜句式, 增添語言內(nèi)涵

1.?句子形式多樣化:?根據(jù)表達的需求,?可以采用多種句式,?這樣既能恰當(dāng)表達,?又能避免形式單一

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①They were?soheavy?that?we couldn’t lift them at first. ?(so. . . that. . .?句型)

②There is no doubt that?it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. ?(同位語從句)

【輸出佳句】

①?In recent years, more and more people start to protect our environment, which makes our environment more and more colorful.

→In recent years, with more and more people starting to protect our environment, our environment is becoming more and more colorful. (with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))?

→In recent years,?there are so many peoplewho start to protect our environment that our environment is becoming more and more colorful. (there be?句式)?

②If you study hard, you will make rapid progress.

→Study hard and you will make rapid progress.?(并列句)?

2.?使用非謂語動詞形式,?句子凝練高端

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①After learning it, ?I’m sure I’ll have a better understanding of the differences and similarities between Chinese culture and Western culture.

②On arriving?at the tea house, ?the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups.

【輸出佳句】

①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (非謂語動詞)

→She walked out of the lab,?followed by many students. ?

②They sang and laughed as they went back to school. (非謂語動詞)

→They went back to school,?singing and laughing. ?

3.?運用定語從句,?增加細節(jié),?填補內(nèi)容

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①Material collecting took us a whole week, ?during which?we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.

②I am eager to invite you to join our team for the upcoming event, ?in which?you will demonstrate your ability and make acquaintance with more friends with the same interest.

【輸出佳句】

①You’d better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty,?which makes it easy for you to go through the class(使你容易通過這門課). ?

②Besides, there will be a lot of useful and interesting activities,?from which you can have a clearer picture of Chinese culture(從中你對中國文化會有更清晰的認識). ?

③I have found a flat for you on Fangcao Street near Jianxin Chinese school. It is on the third floor with three rooms,?one of which is bedroom(其中一個是臥室), and the other two are bathroom and kitchen. ?

4.?巧用倒裝,?增強句子的表現(xiàn)力

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①Not only will our club’s works be displayed, ?but we also have a valuable set of paper-cutting created by a famous artist of this field.

②Not only did you help?improve my English, ?but you also gave me more confidence in learning. ?

③Next came the moment?when I asked them to have a try themselves.

【輸出佳句】

①Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (倒裝)

→Weak as/though I am, I’ll make the effort. ?

②He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (倒裝)

→No sooner had he come back from Beijing?than he was sent abroad. ?

5.?恰當(dāng)使用強調(diào)句,?增強說服力

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①It?isyou?who?taught me how to learn English well.

②?It was?on Friday?that?our activity began.

【輸出佳句】

①He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper. (強調(diào)句)

→It was not untilhe had read the news in the newspaper?that?he knew what had happened. ?

②It isworking in teams instead of on my own?that?has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient. (強調(diào)句)?

6.?自如應(yīng)用各種名詞性從句,?精彩紛呈

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①If you are interested in?what?I have stated above, sign up on our school website before September 1st.

②That’s?why?I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.

【輸出佳句】

①To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. (主語從句)

→What surprises him?is that the little girl knows so many things. ?

②I have just found?that I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon(我那天下午得參加一個重要會議). ?

7. with or without精彩點綴,?妙不可言

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①Moreover,?with the stadium set up, ?a wide range of sports events are able to be held, ?of which ping-pong, ?football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.

②Without any hesitation, ?we began to work.

【輸出佳句】

①As an old saying goes, living?without a clear and achievable aim(沒有清晰可達到的目標) is like sailing without a compass. ?

②I can’t thank you enough for your generous help,?without which I couldn’t have made such great progress(沒有這些幫助我不能獲得這么大的進步). ?

8.?巧用副詞,?充分表情達意

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①I am?exceedingly?delighted to hear from you.

②I?genuinely?hope that you can squeeze some time for our festival and have fun with us.

【輸出佳句】

①She?patiently(耐心地) explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.

②We were?perfectly(完全地) satisfied with the result of the experiment.

9.?變主動為被動,?凸顯英語思維

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①My father gave me a new book on my birthday.

→I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (間接賓語作主語)

→A new book?was given?to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接賓語作主語)

②And some world-famous players?will be invited?to give lessons.

【輸出佳句】

①At most five books?can be borrowed(可以被借用) at a time and they?can be kept(可以保存) for ten days. ?

②You?are allowed?(被允許)about ten minutes to prepare for the work. ?

10.?語氣委婉而中肯,?易于接受

【輸入經(jīng)典】

①If you have further questions, ?please feel free to let me know.

②I sincerely hope?you can set aside some time for the art feast.

【輸出佳句】

①I wonder?if you could tell me(你能否告訴我) what books I need to read and the requirements of my homework. ?

②What do you think of it? ?Are you satisfied with it? ?If not,?please tell me as quickly as possible(請盡快告訴我). ?

四、精準審題謀篇, 筆下運籌帷幄?

(2020·全國Ⅲ卷改編)

　　假定你是李華,?你和同學(xué)根據(jù)英語課文改編了一個短劇,?給外教Miss Evans寫一封郵件,?請她幫忙指導(dǎo)。郵件內(nèi)容包括:

1.?劇情簡介;

2.?指導(dǎo)內(nèi)容;

3.?商定時間和地點。

注意: 1.?詞數(shù)80左右;

2.?結(jié)束語已為你寫好。

【審題立意·確定中心】

體裁求助信

時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時

人稱I and you

結(jié)構(gòu)三段或四段

要點1.?故事梗概

2.?求助內(nèi)容

【行云流水·斐然成章】

I’m writing to ask for your help with our English short play adapted from our English textbook.

The story starts with a boy named Huckleberry Finn, ?who ran away from home and lived with his friend Jim, ?a former slave, ?on a raft on the Mississippi River. ?Then Finn was cheated by two men, ?with his raft stolen and Jim sold to a farm. ?Finn and his friend Tom Sawyer made a plan to save Jim from the farm. ?At last they managed to free Jim.

I wonder if you would like to give us some advice. ?The vocabulary and grammar of the plot need to be adjusted, ?and we also need your guidance on our performance. ?If possible, ?shall we meet you in your office at 10 a. m. ?tomorrow?

Looking forward to your early reply. ?Best regards!

Yours truly,

Li Hua

五、做好起承轉(zhuǎn)合, 行文美不勝收

完成了審題的過程, ?有了具體要點和整體布局后, ?就要整合信息點, ?讓龐雜的內(nèi)容變得富有邏輯性和層次感。在句與句內(nèi)在銜接的基礎(chǔ)上, ?做到段落間的起承轉(zhuǎn)合, ?使文章有整體性、連貫性。學(xué)會正確使用連接詞、銜接句, ?能為寫作助一臂之力。

Ⅰ.?用好連接詞

在句與句之間、段與段之間恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┏猩蠁⑾碌倪B接性詞語是語言連貫性得以實現(xiàn)的最常用手段。連接性詞語歸納如下:

1.?起始關(guān)系: to begin with, first of all, as we all know, as is known, as is shown in. . . , according to?等。

As we all know, good learning habits contribute to efficient study.

2.?時間順序: at the beginning, then, later, finally, at last, in the end, afterwards, since then, after that, immediately, meanwhile等。

At the beginning, I collected all the things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.?ThenI wiped the dust off all the furniture.?After that, I mopped the floor.

3.?條件關(guān)系: if, ?unless, ?in case(of), as/so long as, ?on condition that, ?provided(that)等。

I would be very grateful?if?you could meet my uncle at the airport.

4.?轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系: but, yet, however, while, otherwise, on the contrary, nevertheless等。

However, not until the match was over did we realize that we lost it.

5.?因果關(guān)系: because, as, since, for, thanks to, due to, as a result of, so, therefore, as a result/consequence等。

Therefore, there is no reason for us to look down upon ordinary jobs.

6.?并列關(guān)系: and, or, as well as, not only. . . but also. . . , either. . . or. . . , not. . . but. . . , neither. . . nor. . .?等。

We will have a good time there?and?I will send you some photos taken there.

7.?遞進關(guān)系: besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, what’s worse, still less, to make matters worse, worse still, more importantly等。

Many of them can hardly look after themselves,?still less?manage their own lives.

8.?列舉事實: such as, for example/instance, take. . . for example, that is to say, as follows, in other words, on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . . , for one thing. . . for another. . .?等。

On the one hand, I can earn some money by doing it to help my parents;?on the other hand, I can gain some experience from it, which will do good to my future life.

9.?表示觀點: in my opinion, in my view, from my point of view, as far as I am concerned, as for me, personally等。?

As far as I am concerned, they stand for love, friendship and unity.

10.?總結(jié): in short, in brief, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, in general, generally speaking等。

All in all, traveling is the best choice for us to enrich our lives and get ready for the new challenges.

Ⅱ.?寫好銜接句

1.?引出開頭

It is well known to us that. . . ?

我們都知道……

As far as my knowledge is concerned. . . ?

據(jù)我所知……

Recently the problem of. . . ?has been brought into focus. ?

=Nowadays there is growing concern over the problem of. . . ?

最近……問題引起了關(guān)注

2.?表達不同觀點

People’s views on. . . ?vary from person to person. ?Some hold that. . . ?However, ?others believe that. . . ?

People may have different opinions on. . . ?

人們對……可能會持有不同見解

3.?表示結(jié)尾

In short, ?it can be said that. . .

總之, ?……意思是……

From what has been mentioned above, ?we can come to the conclusion that. . .

從上面提到的, ?我們可以得出結(jié)論……

4.?提出建議

It is high time that we put an end to the trend. ?

該是我們停止這一趨勢的時候了。

Only in this way can we. . .

只有這樣, ?我們才能……。

5.?預(yù)示后果

Obviously, ?if we don’t control the problem, ?the chances are that. . . ?will lead us in danger. ?

6.?表示觀點

As far as I am concerned/In my opinion. . .

就我來說……

7.?給出原因或順序

For one thing, ?. . . ?for another thing, ?. . . ?

On the one hand, ?. . . on the other hand. . .

一方面……另一方面……

六、恰當(dāng)增加細節(jié), 語言魅力動人

根據(jù)高考英語作文的評分標準, ?作文被分成了五個檔次。其中分數(shù)較高的檔次對于考生作文的要求都涉及了覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點、使用較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯、有效使用語句間的連接成分。其中, ?一個重要的方面就是在作文中要注意細節(jié)的體現(xiàn)。具體方法如下: ?

1.?列舉具體的實例進行補充說明

(1)我們青少年應(yīng)盡我們所能保護環(huán)境、拯救地球。

We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth. ?

→We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth. ?For example, ?we can use recyclable bags instead of plastic bags, ?refuse to use single-use products, ?plant more trees and save water and energy.

(2)我要花一些時間和父母在一起。

I’ll spend some time staying with my parents.

→I’ll spend some time staying with my parents, ?chatting with them and doing some housework. ?

(3)我想找一個像我一樣喜歡旅行的筆友。

I would like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me.

→I would like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me.??If possible, ?we can travel together or share traveling. ?

2.?增添與所寫信息相關(guān)的神態(tài)、動作、心理描寫以及背景渲染等內(nèi)容

(1)我有時去村西的小河游泳。

I went swimming in the river in the west of the village now and then.

→I went swimming in the river in the west of the village now and then. ?The water in the river was very clear.??(背景渲染)

→Weather permitting, ?I went swimming in the river in the west of the village now and then. ?(相關(guān)背景)

(2)我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些不良行為。

I found some bad behavior.

→I found some bad behavior. ?Some people scribbled on the wall; ?some played soccer on the lawn and some people threw rubbish everywhere.??(相關(guān)行為描述)

3.?增加相關(guān)信息的時間、地點等內(nèi)容

(1)我要和父母一起去超市購物。

I’m going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket.

→I’m going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket and?won’t be back until about 5: 00 in the afternoon. ?(增加時間)

(2)我已經(jīng)帶來了你讓我歸還的這兩本書。

I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return.

→I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return?to the City Library.??(增加地點)

4.?適當(dāng)增加與所給信息相關(guān)的原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、手段、目的、地點等內(nèi)容

(1)假設(shè)你是李華, ?你的英國筆友Henry最近來信詢問你高考后的暑假安排。請根據(jù)下面要點寫一封回信, ?說明你的計劃, ?并簡述理由。

要點: 1.?休息; 2.?讀書; 3.?參加社會活動。

①I need a good rest. ?I’ll do some reading. ?

→I need a good rest?because I do feel tired after the hard work of all these years. ?Of course, ?I’ll do some reading?for fun, ?and for knowledge as well. ?(因果關(guān)系)

②I’ll take part in some social activities. ?

→If I have free time, ?I’ll take part in some social activities. ?(條件狀語)

→If possible, ?I’ll take part in some social activities. ?(條件狀語)

→If possible, ?I’ll take part in some social activities?so that/in order that I can know more about society. ?(結(jié)果狀語)

(2)Tracy來電話說和你在咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)的見面取消。

Tracy called, ?saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee.

→Tracy called, ?saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee?as she had something important to do. ?(原因狀語)

5.?結(jié)尾適當(dāng)發(fā)揮, ?寫出個人感受、評價、希望、愿景、倡議等

(1)Tired as I was this summer holiday, ?I felt very happy for what I did. ?(個人感受)

(2)As far as I’m concerned, ?such activities are necessary and meaningful. ?(評價)

(3)In a word, ?if she would like to learn Chinese, ?I hope she will do it well. (愿景)

(4)As students, ?it’s our duty to protect our school environment and make it clean. ?(倡議)

【檢測訓(xùn)練】

1．假定你是李華，你校原定于本周三舉辦的排球比賽延期，請告知你的國際班朋友Henry，內(nèi)容包括：

1.寫信目的；

2.說明延期原因；

3.更改后的時間。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Dear Henry,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

【參考范文】

Dear Henry,

I'm writing to say that the volleyball match sponsored by our school, which will initially be held this Wednesday, has been rescheduled. The match has to be put off as the local government leaders will visit our school that day together with a student delegation from Russia. I hope the change will not cause you too much inconvenience.

After a meeting of class monitors of our school, we have decided the volleyball match will be held next Friday afternoon. The match is planned to last about three hours starting from one o’clock on Friday afternoon.

If it's convenient, shall we meet at 6:30 tomorrow afternoon at the local stadium to practice for the match?

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

【寫作分析】

本篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生給國際班朋友Henry寫封信，告知他你校原定于本周三舉辦的排球比賽延期。

【詳解】

1.詞匯積累

最初：originally→initially

推遲：postpone→put off

計劃：be intended to→be planned to

連同：along with→together with

2.句式拓展

合并簡單句

原句：After a meeting of class monitors of our school, we have decided the volleyball match will be held next Friday afternoon. The match is planned to last about three hours starting from one o’clock on Friday afternoon.

拓展句：After a meeting of class monitors of our school, we have decided the volleyball match will be held next Friday afternoon, which is planned to last about three hours starting from one o’clock on Friday afternoon.

2．假定你是李華，你校收到美國友好學(xué)校學(xué)生會主席John的郵件，希望能捐贈一批中國傳統(tǒng)文化書籍，供對此感興趣的同學(xué)閱讀。請代表學(xué)校給他回一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.自我介紹；

2.捐贈圖書的具體信息；

3.詢問對方的收件地址和聯(lián)系信息。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Dear John,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【參考范文】

Dear John,

I am Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union in Hongxing High School. On behalf of our school, I am writing to inform you that we are more than glad to donate to your school some books on Chinese traditional culture.

After discussion, we intend to donate approximately two hundred books, whose topics vary from Chinese ancient philosophy, Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy to Chinese classical literature. We will wrap them in a big parcel and directly post to your school. So I hope you can offer me the accurate address of your school as well as the name of the person in charge of receiving the parcel.

Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.

Yours,

Li Hua

【寫作分析】

本篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文，假定考生是李華，考生所在校收到美國友好學(xué)校學(xué)生會主席John的郵件，希望能受捐一批中國傳統(tǒng)文化書籍，供對此感興趣的同學(xué)閱讀。請代表學(xué)校給他回一封郵件。

【詳解】

1.?詞匯積累

告知：tell→inform

高興的：pleased→glad

希望：wish→hope

提供某人某物：?provide sb. with sth.=offer sb. sth.

2.?句式拓展

合并簡單句

原句：We will wrap them in a big parcel and directly post to your school

拓展句：We will wrap them in a big parcel, directly posting to your school.

3．假如你是李華，你的英國朋友Leo發(fā)郵件說他即將到北京的一所大學(xué)做交換生一年，目前有一些困惑，想向你尋求一些建議。請你寫一篇短文給他回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：

1.如何克服語言障礙；

2.如何適應(yīng)新環(huán)境（文化差異、學(xué)習(xí)壓力等）；

3.祝福對方。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出。不計入總詞數(shù)；

3.請按如下格式在答題卡上的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Dear Leo,

I'm more than delighted to hear that you will study at a Chinese university as an ex-change student.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【參考范文】

Dear Leo,

?I'm more than delighted to hear that you will study at a Chinese university as an exchange student. After learning that you are confused about how to adapt to the new environment, I'm writing to give you some tips.

Face-to-face interaction with native speakers can help you overcome language and cultural barriers. To attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, why not make friends with native speakers and spend time with them? It is a good way to exchange language and culture. You'd better listen to Chinese songs as well as watch Chinese movies or TV shows in your daily life to ensure that you are exposed to the language environment all the time.

All beginnings are hard. I advise you to be tolerant and considerate of others, which is necessary for group living. It might be a good idea to take part in more activities, which usually involve teamwork and communication with other students. Fight against homesickness and form a good habit of self-learning and independence, which are good for developing friendly relationships.

I do hope that my suggestions are beneficial to you. May you enjoy a wonderful college life in China and best wishes to you.

Yours,

Li Hua

【寫作分析】

本篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生寫一篇短文給你的英國朋友Leo，解答他對于即將到北京的一所大學(xué)做交換生一年的一些困惑并給出一些建議。

【詳解】

1.詞匯積累

高興的：happy →delighted

適應(yīng)：adjust to →adapt to

建議：advice →tips

得到：get = attain

2.句式拓展

簡單句變復(fù)合句

原句：Face-to-face interaction with native speakers can help you overcome language and cultural barriers.

拓展句：It is face-to-face interaction with native speakers that can help you overcome language and cultural barriers.

4．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一-篇完整的短文。

My parents love the saying “If at first you don't succeed, try, try again" so much that they even bought a pillow with those words on it. But I was recently in a situation where I was SO ready to give up.

It started last week when my friend Ollie and I were helping his grandmother Mary to carry boxes from her garage to her car for the homeless shelter rummage sale (義賣).

At the sight of a big old trunk (行李箱)，we asked Mary what was inside. But she told us that as she had lost the key, she had to find a master locksmith to figure it out. "Let me have a try!" said Ollie. “I bet I can open that lock in two minutes flat! Maybe there's a treasure inside, like gold or diamonds or an ancient map!"

Mary smiled. "I'll tell you what. If you two treasure hunters can open this trunk, you can have it, along with whatever is inside."

Ollie got a tool kit and we set out to open the lock. But he definitely lost that bet. Those two minutes turned into two hours, with no luck at all. We had tried every tool in the kit, but the lock wouldn't move slightly.

“It's no use." Ollie sighed. "I guess we have to give up."

“But we can't give up!" I said. "What about 'If at first you don't succeed, try, try again"?"

Ollie shook his head. "Unless you know a magical key fairy, we're never getting this unlocked."

Just then, my little brother Tex showed up. He showed great interest in the trunk. "It looks like an upside-down boat! Can I turn it over and pretend I'm sailing in the ocean?"

"Sure," Ollie replied. "It's no good for anything else."

“Ahoy!" Tex said, climbing on top after Ollie and I turned it over. “I’m the captain!” He giggled as he jumped up and down. And right then, a screw (螺絲) from a hinge (鉸鏈) came loose and rolled to the floor.

注意:

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右:

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

“That's it! I know how to open it!" said Ollie.

________________________________________________________________________________

Oh! There were only lots of shoes in the trunk!

【參考范文】

“That’s it! I know how to open it!” said Ollie. “These are regular screws. We could remove the screws so that the hinge can be taken off from the trunk!” he exclaimed with a radiant smile. Just now, we were so focused on the lock that we didn’t try to open the trunk another way. Then we asked Tex to jump off the trunk, and turned it upright. Ollie immediately took out a screwdriver from the tool kit. In two minutes flat, he opened the trunk with my assistance. (79 words)

Oh! There were only lots of shoes in the trunk! Ollie and I were pretty disappointed at the discovery, which wasn’t diamonds or gold. Seeing our frustration, Mary patted us on the shoulder, saying, “These shoes are in such great shape that we can raise money by selling them at the rummage sale.” Our faces lit up and a sense of achievement crept over us. We found “treasure” after all! Our persistence finally paid off! If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again. (73 words)

【寫作分析】

本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者和奧利得到了一個箱子，他的祖母瑪麗說如果他們能打開箱子，就能得到它，可是他們用盡了辦法也打不開，后來作者的弟弟特克斯出現(xiàn)了，他拿著箱跳上跳下，就在這時，一個鉸鏈上的螺絲松了，滾到了地板上。

【詳解】

1.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“就是這樣!我知道怎么打開它!”奧利說”可知，第一段可描寫他們怎么打開箱子。

②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“哦!箱子里只有很多鞋子!”可知，第二段可描寫作者他們看到箱子里的東西后的反應(yīng)。

2.續(xù)寫線索：取下鉸鏈——打開箱子——失望——安慰——有成就感

3.詞匯激活

行為類

①取下：remove/take down

②打開：open/unfold

③拍肩膀：pat sb. on the shoulder/tab sb on the shoulder

情緒類

①失望：disappointed/despondent

②有成就感：a sense of achievement creep over us/have a sense of achievement

5．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。?

Life doesn't always turn out the way we'd like. When situations take an unfriendly turn, we become angry. When others don't agree with us, or act in a manner we find disturbing, anger is a typical reaction. It seems that we feel anger gives us the momentary feeling of power. However, in fact, with the exception of a few cases, an angry reaction rarely improves the situation. It only makes the situation worse. So consider the following alternatives to anger.

One is understanding. If we view an individual whose behavior we find unacceptable, we should think each person has a right to live life according to their beliefs, dreams, needs and so on. Even if people are acting inappropriately, you should understand them. If they are struggling, lost, or in pain, you should choose to feel sorry for their suffering. If you do so, your anger will disappear.

Humor is another powerful tool for stopping anger because it can help you stay calm when things get bad. Sometimes we take life far too seriously. That is bad for us and anger is easy to happen. We need to use humor to turn any serious situation into a light one. Humor acts as a protective shelter from emotional pain.

Therefore, when others behave improperly, find it in your heart to forgive them for their unwise behavior. When life hands you the exact opposite of what you want, take no notice of it. After all, the bad situation is only temporary. So choose these alternative reactions to soften our heart and prevent anger from happening so that we can enjoy our life to the fullest.

【參考范文】

Anger doesn't solve all the problems in our daily life. So we'd better adopt some ways to deal with it. Understanding is a good way which can weaken our anger. Moreover, as a useful method, humor changes a serious situation to a relaxing one. In a word, it is of great importance for us to know how to get rid of anger and live a happy life.

【寫作分析】

本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹說，憤怒并不能解決我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械乃袉栴}。所以我們最好采取一些方法來處理它。理解是一種很好的方式可以減弱我們的憤怒。此外，幽默是一種有用的方法，它能使嚴肅的氣氛變得輕松?？傊瑢ξ覀儊碚f，知道如何擺脫憤怒，過上幸福的生活是很重要的。

【詳解】

1.要點摘錄

①However, in fact, with the exception of a few cases, an angry reaction rarely improves the situation. It only makes the situation worse. So consider the following alternatives to anger.

②One is understanding. If you do so, your anger will disappear.

③We need to use humor to turn any serious situation into a light one.

④So choose these alternative reactions to soften our heart and prevent anger from happening so that we can enjoy our life to the fullest.

2.縝密構(gòu)思：將第1個要點進行總說，將第2、3、4三個要點進行分說。

3.遣詞造句

Anger doesn't solve all the problems in our daily life. So we'd better adopt some ways to deal with it.

Understanding is a good way which can weaken our anger.

Moreover, as a useful method, humor changes a serious situation to a relaxing one.

In a word, it is of great importance for us to know how to get rid of anger and live a happy life.

聲明：本文由高中英語研究中心公眾號(ID:EnglishResearch)轉(zhuǎn)載網(wǎng)絡(luò)而成，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系刪除；轉(zhuǎn)載請注明完整版出處。

更多「高考英語規(guī)律總結(jié)」

關(guān)注「高中英語研究中心」

如何獲取【高中英語研究中心】的一手資料？

教師請長按上方二維碼，添加小編微信