Summary
The bottom line is what you are able to do, not what you know, although it is understood that you need to know certain things in order to be able to do your job.
In short, neither their greater knowledge nor their greater experience in traditional surgery gave the experienced surgeons an advantage in developing skill in laparoscopic surgery.
As is the case in so many situations, once you have figured out the right question to ask, you are halfway to the right answer.
This strategy acknowledges that because what is ultimately most important is what people are able to do, training should focus on doing rather than on knowing—and, in particular, on bringing everyone’s skills closer to the level of the best performers in a given area.
The first step is to determine with some certainty who the expert doctors are in a given area.
Once you have identified people who consistently perform better than their peers, the next step is to figure out what underlies that superior performance.
Ultimately, then, if we are going to understand what makes a superior surgeon, we need to have a good idea of what a superior surgeon’s mental representations look like.
Words and Expressions
mammogram
One of the implicit themes of the Top Gun approach to training, whether it is for shooting down enemy planes or interpreting mammograms, is the emphasis on doing.
medical: a photograph of the breasts made by X-rays
e.g.: She went to the hospital for her yearly mammogram.
halfway
As is the case in so many situations, once you have figured out the right question to ask, you are halfway to the right answer.
in the middle between two points;
not total or complete
e.g.: She was leading at the halfway mark of the race,
My Thoughts
1. 降低對(duì)他人的期望值
From the perspective of deliberate practice, the problem is obvious: attending lectures, mini-courses, and the like offers little or no feedback and little or no chance to try something new, make mistakes, correct the mistakes, and gradually develop a new skill.
參加講座、進(jìn)修課程，更多的時(shí)候帶給我們的是knowledge一種現(xiàn)成的知識(shí)。通過(guò)這種活動(dòng)，你可以對(duì)你所感興趣的東西有更多的了解，進(jìn)一步培養(yǎng)自身的興趣，從而有可能繼續(xù)研究實(shí)踐。
對(duì)我而言，學(xué)校里面經(jīng)常會(huì)邀請(qǐng)國(guó)外的教授、IEEE Fellow等學(xué)術(shù)大牛來(lái)做講座。他們的內(nèi)容一般比較具體，針對(duì)一個(gè)特別事情會(huì)給出自己的結(jié)論或者判斷。從中我就可以了解到學(xué)術(shù)的前沿研究方向和探究思想，更重要的是提供一個(gè)與他們交流的機(jī)會(huì)，也是一種在實(shí)踐中檢驗(yàn)書本知識(shí)了。當(dāng)然，師傅領(lǐng)進(jìn)門，修行還是靠個(gè)人。
2.知行合一，切磋中進(jìn)步
see-know-do-teach，刻意練習(xí)的四部曲。發(fā)現(xiàn)一種現(xiàn)象，深入了解相關(guān)知識(shí)，根據(jù)知識(shí)做出推斷，通過(guò)實(shí)踐或?qū)嶒?yàn)來(lái)檢驗(yàn)?zāi)愕牟孪?，最后總結(jié)成知識(shí)，再次分享給比人。在分享的過(guò)程中，你會(huì)得到反饋，從而自身的skills 不斷提升。
