大家好！從這周開(kāi)始，我們會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)雅思考官范文。
從 1 月 14 日到 1 月 27 日這兩周的“每周一段”段落選自《劍橋雅思官方真題集 9》中第一套題的雅思考官范文。
學(xué)習(xí)建議：在開(kāi)始閱讀第 2 部分“段落解讀”前，先試著自己花 20-30 分鐘閱讀作文題目、要求，以及文本部分的第 2 段和第 3 段。想一想你會(huì)怎樣學(xué)習(xí)這兩段考官范文。然后再閱讀“段落解讀”。
作文題目/Topic：
Some experts say that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
作文要求/Task：
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
一、文本
Traditionally, children have begun studying foreign languages at secondary school, but introducing them earlier is recommended by some educationalists. This policy has been adopted by some educational authorities or individual schools, with both positive and negative outcomes.
The obvious argument in its favor is that young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers. Their brains are still programmed to acquire their mother tongue, which facilitates learning another language, and unlike adolescents, they are not inhibited by self-consciousness.
The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent, shorter sessions and for a play-centered approach, thus maintaining learners' enthusiasm and progress. Their command of the language in later life will benefit from this early exposure, while learning other languages subsequently will be easier for them. They may also gain a better understanding of other cultures.
二、段落解讀
段落選自雅思考官范文的前三段，我們重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)第二段和第三段。
基本解讀：
第二段和第三段寫(xiě)的都是題目要求中的“advantages”。第二段共 2 句話(huà)，第 1 句總寫(xiě)，第 2 句從孩子的生理角度具體展開(kāi)，回答了第一句觀點(diǎn)的 how 和 why。
第三段共 3 句話(huà)。雖然是另起一段，但這段的第 1 句和第二段的第 2 句平行，仍然是具體回答為什么從孩子開(kāi)始學(xué)外語(yǔ)比從青少年（中學(xué)）學(xué)習(xí)更好。第 1 句說(shuō)明小學(xué)的課時(shí)安排靈活，這樣的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境利于語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)；第 2 句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)理，從縱橫兩個(gè)角度早點(diǎn)學(xué)外語(yǔ)的好處：1）時(shí)間（縱向）：盡早開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)對(duì)后續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)有促進(jìn)作用；2）其他外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)（橫向/平行）：學(xué)好一門(mén)外語(yǔ)便于遷移到其他外語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)中。第 3 句是個(gè)短句，簡(jiǎn)要補(bǔ)充從小學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的另一大收獲：文化敏感性。
進(jìn)階解讀：
1）注意分段（“paragraphing”）的技巧。 第二段和第三段都是寫(xiě)“advantages”，可以合并成一段，但考慮到合并后篇幅過(guò)長(zhǎng)，所以就拆成了兩段。雅思寫(xiě)作考官評(píng)語(yǔ)中多次提到“paragraphing”，所以能靈活處理分段對(duì)分?jǐn)?shù)會(huì)有幫助。
2）注意同義或近義替換。
primary school children, young children;
secondary school children, teenagers, adolescents;
pick up, acquire, learn。
3）注意積累語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的詞匯和搭配：
pick up languages,
acquire one's mother tongue,
command of the language, exposure；
注意積累教育類(lèi)話(huà)題相關(guān)表達(dá)：
not inhibited by self-consciousness,
flexibility of the timetable,
a play-centered approach,
maintain one's enthusiasm and progress,
gain a better understanding of something。
4）從考官范文中學(xué)習(xí)怎樣解決寫(xiě)作時(shí)無(wú)話(huà)可說(shuō)、展開(kāi)困難的問(wèn)題。雅思（托福和 GRE）評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中都對(duì)觀點(diǎn)的展開(kāi)做了要求（“presents a fully developed position in answer to the question with relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas”）。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，觀點(diǎn)的展開(kāi)就是不斷回答 why, how, how so, so what 和 then what 的過(guò)程。下面舉兩個(gè)例子：
a) The obvious argument in its favor is that young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers. Their brains are still programmed to acquire their mother tongue, which facilitates learning another language, and unlike adolescents, they are not inhibited by self-consciousness.
這一段的核心觀點(diǎn)是第一句話(huà)中的“young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers”，為什么這樣說(shuō)呢？第二句話(huà)就從生理和心理的角度說(shuō)明，回答讀者可能有的疑問(wèn)。
具體來(lái)說(shuō)，“Their brains are still programmed to acquire their mother tongue”是 why, “which facilitates learning another language”是 so what 或 then what，作用是讓論據(jù)指向論點(diǎn)。最后的 “and unlike adolescents, they are not inhibited by self-consciousness”又是 why。
b) The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent, shorter sessions and for a play-centered approach, thus maintaining learners' enthusiasm and progress.
同樣，“The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent, shorter sessions and for a play-centered approach”是 why，不少學(xué)生可能會(huì)止步這里。不過(guò)想讓論證更具體，充分、有說(shuō)服力，還以再進(jìn)一步回答 so what 或 then what，補(bǔ)充上 “thus maintaining learners' enthusiasm and progress”。
5）注意學(xué)習(xí)自己沒(méi)有想到的或者不在自己認(rèn)知范圍內(nèi)的概念。比如：
a) unlike adolescents, they are not inhibited by self-consciousness.
很多學(xué)習(xí)者可能會(huì)覺(jué)得自己寫(xiě)不出這部分主要是詞匯量不夠，但其實(shí)更重要的是觀點(diǎn)。很多人并沒(méi)有“小學(xué)生沒(méi)有中學(xué)生的自我意識(shí)強(qiáng)”這一觀點(diǎn)。
b) The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent, shorter sessions and for a play-centered approach. Their command of the language in later life will benefit from this early exposure, while learning other languages subsequently will be easier for them. They may also gain a better understanding of other cultures.
這幾個(gè)點(diǎn)可能看起來(lái)比較簡(jiǎn)單，但很多人壓根想不到。其中第 2 句中的寫(xiě)法也有借鑒意義：在寫(xiě)一些有難度的話(huà)題的時(shí)候，我們不妨從時(shí)間（縱向）和同類(lèi)事物（橫向）的角度去拓展思路。
6）注意句子主語(yǔ)的多樣性。很多學(xué)生的作文句式單調(diào)一個(gè)很大的原因是句子主語(yǔ)單一，往往用某人做主語(yǔ)?？脊俜段闹械闹髡Z(yǔ)分別有：the obvious argument, their brains, the greater flexibility (of the primary timetable), their command (of the language), they。其中只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)是人，其他主語(yǔ)都是一個(gè)具體的事物或特征。同時(shí)注意主語(yǔ)里面代詞的靈活使用。
三、句子學(xué)習(xí)
我們主要通過(guò)“臨摹”和“背誦”的方式精學(xué)一段話(huà)。
臨摹：提煉句型+造句
臨摹句子1：The obvious argument in its favor is that young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers.
提煉出句型：The obvious argument in favor of X is that Y.
造句示范：
a) The obvious argument in its favor is that deposits are not revenues and should be managed separately and returned to users upon demand.（場(chǎng)景：ofo 不應(yīng)該將用戶(hù)的押金用在其他地方。“its favor”指的是 ofo 絕大部分用戶(hù)的觀點(diǎn)。）
b) The obvious argument in favor of a new airport is that the old 's capacity is hitting the limit.（場(chǎng)景：北京大興國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)將于 2019 年年底投入使用。）
c) The obvious argument in favor of a work-life balance is that many people have lived unhappy lives despite pay raises and promotion.
臨摹句子2：The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent, shorter sessions and for a play-centered approach, thus maintaining learners' enthusiasm and progress.
提煉出句型：The greater (great) flexibility of X allows for Y, thus Z.
造句示范：
a) The greater flexibility of schedule allows for less stressful and cheaper travels, thus increasing freelancers' happiness.（場(chǎng)景：自由職業(yè)者時(shí)間相對(duì)靈活，可以選擇錯(cuò)峰旅行，花銷(xiāo)少又能避開(kāi)人群。）
四、作業(yè)
1）參考第三部分的句型造句，造句時(shí)可以用中文寫(xiě)出具體的語(yǔ)境。
The most obvious argument in favor of working in private school is less exam pressure, thus enabling teachers focusing more on self development and teaching itself.
The great flexibility of a boarding school schedule allows teachers sleep in after a stay-up-late night duty.
2）用不同的句式和表達(dá) paraphrase 下面的句子（可以寫(xiě)多個(gè)句子）
The obvious argument in favor of starting early is that young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers
There is no deny that younger children have more acute grasp of language acquisition than adolescents.
Obviously, starting to learn a language is much easier for young children due to the fact that they can pick up language more easily.
