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1.什么是Beacon ？
Beacon是使用藍(lán)牙4.0（BLE）技術(shù)發(fā)射信號的小設(shè)備
有效范圍從幾十厘米到幾米，電池可用3年
信號為單向發(fā)射，只能發(fā)送小數(shù)據(jù)量，例如一個128bit的ID 智能手機(jī)通常作為接收方；
2.什么是iBeacon？
iBeacon 是蘋果公司2013年9月發(fā)布的移動設(shè)備用OS（iOS7）上配備的新功能。其工作方式是，配備有低功耗藍(lán)牙（BLE）通信功能的設(shè)備使用BLE技術(shù)向周圍發(fā)送自己特有的 ID，接收到該 ID 的應(yīng)用軟件會根據(jù)該 ID 采取一些行動。
它采用了基于藍(lán)牙4.0的低功耗藍(lán)牙技術(shù)(Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE),主要是用作輔助室內(nèi)定位的功能.

3.CLBeacon類
iBeacon 在 CoreLocation 框架中抽象為CLBeacon類, 該類有6個屬性，分別是:

proximityUUID：是一個 NSUUID，用來標(biāo)識公司。每個公司、組織使用的 iBeacon 應(yīng)該擁有同樣的 proximityUUID。（proximityUUID' was deprecated in iOS 13.0）ios13.0之后改為uuid

major：主要值，用來識別一組相關(guān)聯(lián)的 beacon，例如在連鎖超市的場景中，每個分店的 beacon 應(yīng)該擁有同樣的 major。

minor：次要值，則用來區(qū)分某個特定的 beacon。

proximity：遠(yuǎn)近范圍的，一個枚舉值。

accuracy：與iBeacon的距離。

rssi：信號輕度為負(fù)值，越接近0信號越強(qiáng)，等于0時(shí)無法獲取信號強(qiáng)度。

Tip：proximityUUID，major，minor 這三個屬性組成 iBeacon 的唯一標(biāo)識符。

4.如何工作
只要進(jìn)入iBeacon的范圍，就能喚醒 App（大約10秒鐘），即使在程序被殺掉的情況下。必要時(shí)，可以使用UIApplication類的-(UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier)beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler:(void (^)(void))handler;方法，請求更多的后臺執(zhí)行時(shí)間。
在開啟后臺模式之后，不管app出于運(yùn)行、后臺、還是掛起狀態(tài)都會喚醒a(bǔ)pp執(zhí)行該回調(diào)，你有10秒鐘的喚醒時(shí)間用于處理數(shù)據(jù)（本地，或者請求服務(wù)器）

5.接收形式：
接收者提供了兩種方式來接收iBeacon信號:

Monitoring: 可以用來在設(shè)備進(jìn)入/退出某個地理區(qū)域時(shí)獲得通知, 使用這種方法可以在應(yīng)用程序的后臺運(yùn)行時(shí)檢測iBeacon，但是只能同時(shí)檢測20個region區(qū)域，并且不能夠推測設(shè)備與iBeacon的距離.

Ranging: iOS 7之后提供的 API, 用于確定設(shè)備的近似距離iBeacon 技術(shù),可以用來檢測某區(qū)域內(nèi)的所有iBeacons,并且可以精度估計(jì)發(fā)射者與接收者的距離。

6.檢測ibeacon會有延時(shí)：
檢測ibeacon的進(jìn)入比較及時(shí)，當(dāng)關(guān)閉ibeacon時(shí)，檢測會有10-50秒的延時(shí)。

7.檢測回調(diào)：
當(dāng)外設(shè)開關(guān)狀態(tài)發(fā)生變化時(shí)（或者藍(lán)牙中心離開靠近外設(shè)時(shí)），app如果處于[掛起或是關(guān)閉狀態(tài)，會被系統(tǒng)喚醒，活躍10秒，來處理相關(guān)事件
應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒈粏硬⑼ㄟ^ locationManager:didDetermineState:forRegion 通知代理,當(dāng)設(shè)備的屏幕打開并且用戶在該區(qū)域時(shí)。默認(rèn)情況下，這是 NO。

        beacon.notifyEntryStateOnDisplay = true

**殺掉進(jìn)程之后的回調(diào),在ibeacon基站邊緣時(shí)會觸發(fā)，直接鎖屏亮鎖也會觸發(fā)哦 **

8.實(shí)測距離
實(shí)測手機(jī)作為ibeacon基站，ibeacon范圍也只有10米左右

注意點(diǎn)：
如果在iBeacon覆蓋范圍內(nèi)或覆蓋范圍外啟動startMonitoring，那么didDetermineState可能不會立即反映出當(dāng)前所處的位置狀態(tài)(didEnterRegion和didExitRegion都不會正確調(diào)用)，需要等待app在當(dāng)前位置運(yùn)行一會才會有效（大約1分鐘延遲）
測試ibeacon時(shí)記得把a(bǔ)pp應(yīng)用的位置權(quán)限設(shè)置為始終哦

手機(jī)模擬ibeacon基站代碼：

import UIKit
import CoreBluetooth
import CoreLocation

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    
    var peripheralManager = CBPeripheralManager()
    
    var btn:UIButton = UIButton.init()
    
    var btnStop:UIButton = UIButton.init()
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
        
        //手機(jī)秒變ibeacon基站
        iphoneChangeIbeacon()
        
    }

    func iphoneChangeIbeacon(){
        btn.frame = CGRect(x: 100, y: 100, width: 150, height: 50)
        btn.backgroundColor = .red
        self.view.addSubview(btn)
        btn.addTarget(self, action: #selector(btnClick(btn:)), for: UIControl.Event.touchUpInside)
        btn.setTitle("開始廣播", for: UIControl.State.normal)
        btn.setTitleColor(.black, for: UIControl.State.normal)
        
        
        
        btnStop.frame = CGRect(x: 100, y: 200, width: 150, height: 50)
        btnStop.backgroundColor = .red
        self.view.addSubview(btnStop)
        btnStop.addTarget(self, action: #selector(btnStopClick(btn:)), for: UIControl.Event.touchUpInside)
        btnStop.setTitle("停止廣播", for: UIControl.State.normal)
        btnStop.setTitleColor(.black, for: UIControl.State.normal)
        
        
        peripheralManager = CBPeripheralManager(delegate: self, queue: nil, options: nil)
    }
    @objc func btnClick(btn:UIButton){
        print("開始廣播")
//        sendNotification()
        changeIbeacon()
        
        
    }
    
    @objc func btnStopClick(btn:UIButton){
        print("停止廣播")
//        sendNotification()
        peripheralManager.stopAdvertising()
        
        
    }
    
    func changeIbeacon(){
        
            let proximityUUID = UUID(uuidString: "644C651A-0DAC-47BB-9E48-78FFAC66F3CF")
            let beaconRegion = CLBeaconRegion(proximityUUID: proximityUUID!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 10)!, minor: CLBeaconMinorValue(exactly: 10)!, identifier: "BCTest")
             let beaconPeripheraData = beaconRegion.peripheralData(withMeasuredPower: nil)
        print("開始廣播")
            peripheralManager.startAdvertising((beaconPeripheraData as! [String : Any]))
//        else {
//            peripheralManager.stopAdvertising()
//        }
        
        
    }
        
        DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 5) {
//            print("DispatchQueue")
        }

    }


}
extension ViewController: CBPeripheralManagerDelegate {
    
    func peripheralManagerDidUpdateState(_ peripheral: CBPeripheralManager) {
        print("peripheralManagerDidUpdateState")
    }
      
}

ibeacon處理代碼：
權(quán)限請求：在info.plist中添加NSLocationAlwaysAndWhenInUseUsageDescription,NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription，NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription，請求地理位置權(quán)限。

import UIKit
import CoreLocation
let Beacon_Device_UUID = "644C651A-0DAC-47BB-9E48-78FFAC66F3CF"


class ViewController: UIViewController {
    
    var btn:UIButton = UIButton.init()
    
    //懶加載
    lazy var locationManager: CLLocationManager = {
        let loca = CLLocationManager()
        loca.distanceFilter = kCLDistanceFilterNone//更新距離精度
        loca.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest//所需的位置精度
        loca.pausesLocationUpdatesAutomatically = false//指定位置更新可能會在可能的情況下自動暫停（應(yīng)用處于后臺時(shí)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行電量節(jié)省行為的處理設(shè)置）
//        if #available(iOS 9.0, *) {
//            locationManager.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true//后臺運(yùn)行，對于ios9或更高版本，默認(rèn)為no
//        }
//
        loca.delegate = self
        return loca
    }()
    
    lazy var beaconRegion: CLBeaconRegion = {
        // 監(jiān)聽所有UUID為Beacon_Device_UUID的Beacon設(shè)備
        let beacon = CLBeaconRegion(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, identifier: "BCTest")
//        // 監(jiān)聽UUID為Beacon_Device_UUID，major為666的所有Beacon設(shè)備
//        let beacon = CLBeaconRegion(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!, identifier: "BCTest")
//        // 監(jiān)聽UUID為Beacon_Device_UUID，major為666，minor為999的唯一一個Beacon設(shè)備
//       let beacon2 = CLBeaconRegion(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major:  CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!, minor: CLBeaconMinorValue(exactly: 999)!, identifier: "BCTest")
        
        //應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒈粏硬⑼ㄟ^ locationManager:didDetermineState:forRegion 通知代理,當(dāng)設(shè)備的屏幕打開并且用戶在該區(qū)域時(shí)。 默認(rèn)情況下，這是 NO。
        beacon.notifyEntryStateOnDisplay = true
        return beacon
    }()

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
        
        
        btn.frame = CGRect(x: 100, y: 100, width: 150, height: 50)
        btn.backgroundColor = .red
        self.view.addSubview(btn)
        btn.setTitle("ibeacon測試", for: UIControl.State.normal)
        btn.setTitleColor(.black, for: UIControl.State.normal)
        
        // 在開始監(jiān)控之前，我們需要判斷改設(shè)備是否支持，和區(qū)域權(quán)限請求
        let availableMonitor = CLLocationManager.isMonitoringAvailable(for: CLBeaconRegion.self)
        if availableMonitor {
            let authorizationStatus = CLLocationManager.authorizationStatus()
            switch authorizationStatus {
            case .notDetermined:
                locationManager.requestAlwaysAuthorization()
            case .denied:
                print("權(quán)限受限制")
            case .authorizedWhenInUse, .authorizedAlways:
                
                locationManager.startMonitoring(for: beaconRegion)
                //此處beaconConstraint和創(chuàng)建beacon處保持一致
                let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!)
//                let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!)
//                let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!, minor: CLBeaconMinorValue(exactly: 999)!)
                locationManager.startRangingBeacons(satisfying: beaconConstraint)
                localNotification(title: "test", body: "ibeacon啟動時(shí)掃描")
            default:
                break
            }
        } else {
            print("該設(shè)備不支持 CLBeaconRegion 區(qū)域檢測")
        }
    }


}
extension ViewController: CLLocationManagerDelegate {
    
    
    func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateLocations locations: [CLLocation]) {
        localNotification(title: "test", body: "位置更新了")
    }
    
    //當(dāng)授權(quán)狀態(tài)或accuracyAuthorization 屬性改變時(shí)調(diào)用
    func locationManagerDidChangeAuthorization(_ manager: CLLocationManager) {
        if #available(iOS 14.0, *) {
            if manager.authorizationStatus == .authorizedAlways || manager.authorizationStatus == .authorizedWhenInUse{
                //此處beaconConstraint和創(chuàng)建beacon處保持一致
                let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!)
    //                let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!)
    //                let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!, minor: CLBeaconMinorValue(exactly: 999)!)
                locationManager.startMonitoring(for: beaconRegion)
                locationManager.startRangingBeacons(satisfying: beaconConstraint)
                localNotification(title: "test", body: "ibeacon開始掃描")
            }
        } else {
            let state: CLAuthorizationStatus = CLLocationManager.authorizationStatus()
            if state == .authorizedAlways || state == .authorizedWhenInUse{

                let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!)
                locationManager.startMonitoring(for: beaconRegion)
                locationManager.startRangingBeacons(satisfying: beaconConstraint)
                localNotification(title: "test", body: "ibeacon開始掃描")
            }
        }
    }
    
    
//    func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didChangeAuthorization status: CLAuthorizationStatus) {
//        if status == .authorizedAlways || status == .authorizedWhenInUse {
//            //此處beaconConstraint和創(chuàng)建beacon處保持一致
//            let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!)
////                let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!)
////                let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!, minor: CLBeaconMinorValue(exactly: 999)!)
//            locationManager.startMonitoring(for: beaconRegion)
//            locationManager.startRangingBeacons(satisfying: beaconConstraint)
//            localNotification(title: "test", body: "ibeacon開始掃描")
//        }
//    }
    
    
// pragma mark -- Monitoring
    /** 進(jìn)入?yún)^(qū)域 */
    func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didEnterRegion region: CLRegion) {
        localNotification(title: "test", body: "你已經(jīng)進(jìn)入監(jiān)控區(qū)域")
    }
    /** 離開區(qū)域 */
    func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didExitRegion region: CLRegion) {
        localNotification(title: "test", body: "你已經(jīng)離開監(jiān)控區(qū)域")
    }
    /** Monitoring有錯誤產(chǎn)生時(shí)的回調(diào) */
    func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, monitoringDidFailFor region: CLRegion?, withError error: Error) {
        localNotification(title: "test", body: "Monitoring有錯")
        
    }
    /** Monitoring 成功回調(diào) */
    func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didStartMonitoringFor region: CLRegion) {
        localNotification(title: "test", body: "開始監(jiān)聽")
    }
// pragma mark -- Ranging
    /** 1秒鐘執(zhí)行1次 ,只要進(jìn)入iBeacon的范圍，就能喚醒 App（大約10秒鐘）*/
    func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didRangeBeacons beacons: [CLBeacon], in region: CLBeaconRegion) {
        for beacon in beacons {
            print("rssis is:\(beacon.rssi)")
            print("beacon proximity :\(beacon.proximity)")
            print(" accuracy : \(beacon.accuracy)")
            print("proximityUUID : \(beacon.uuid)")
            print("major : \(beacon.major.intValue)")
            print("minor : \(beacon.minor.intValue)")
//            localNotification(title: "test", body: "掃描到ibeacon：uuid=\(beacon.proximityUUID)")
            
//            localNotification(title: "test", body: "距離變化")
        }
    }
    /** ranging有錯誤產(chǎn)生時(shí)的回調(diào)  */
    func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, rangingBeaconsDidFailFor region: CLBeaconRegion, withError error: Error) {
        localNotification(title: "test", body: "rangingBeaconsDidFailFor")
        
    }
    
    
    /** 殺掉進(jìn)程之后的回調(diào)，直接鎖屏亮鎖會觸發(fā),在ibeacon基站邊緣時(shí)會觸發(fā) */
    func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didDetermineState state: CLRegionState, for region: CLRegion) {
        //發(fā)送本地通知
        print("jsc====app被ibeacon喚醒")
        var str: String?
        
        switch state.rawValue {
        case 0:
            str = "未知位置"
        case 1:
            str = "范圍內(nèi)"
        case 2:
            str = "范圍外"
        default:
            str = "其他"
        }
        localNotification(title: "test", body: "app被喚醒，位置信息: \(str!)")
        
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    
    // MARK: - 發(fā)送本地通知
     func localNotification(title: String, body: String, dateComponents: DateComponents? = nil, userInfo : [AnyHashable : Any]? = nil) {
            if #available(iOS 10, *) {
                let content = UNMutableNotificationContent()
                content.title = title
                content.body = body
                content.userInfo = userInfo ?? [:]

                var trigger: UNNotificationTrigger?
                if let dataCompontnts = dateComponents {
                    trigger = UNCalendarNotificationTrigger(dateMatching: dataCompontnts, repeats: false)
                }
                
                
                let random = Int(arc4random_uniform(999999999))
                
                
                let request = UNNotificationRequest(identifier: "id\(random)", content: content, trigger: trigger)
                UNUserNotificationCenter.current().add(request, withCompletionHandler: { error in
                    print(error ?? "error:nil")
                })
            } else {
                let localNotification = UILocalNotification()
                localNotification.fireDate = dateComponents?.date ?? Date()
                localNotification.alertBody = body
                localNotification.alertTitle = title
                localNotification.userInfo = userInfo
                localNotification.timeZone = NSTimeZone.default
                localNotification.soundName = UILocalNotificationDefaultSoundName
                UIApplication.shared.scheduleLocalNotification(localNotification)
            }
        }
}

記得AppDelegate注冊通知來調(diào)試驗(yàn)證：

import UIKit

@main
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate, UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate {

var window: UIWindow?

    func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool {
        // Override point for customization after application launch.
        
        // MARK: - 注冊本地通知
        regisigerNotification(application)
        
        return true
    }

    func regisigerNotification(_ application: UIApplication){
//        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().requestAuthorization(options: [.alert, .badge, .sound]) { success, error in
//            if !success {
//                NSLog("本地通知未打開，請授權(quán)APP使用您的本地通知")
//            }
//        }
        
        if #available(iOS 10.0, *) {
            let center = UNUserNotificationCenter.current()
            center.delegate = self
            center.requestAuthorization(options: [.alert, .sound, .badge]) { (granted: Bool, error: Error?) in
                DispatchQueue.main.async {
                    if granted { application.registerForRemoteNotifications() }
                }
            }
        } else {
            let settings = UIUserNotificationSettings(types: [.alert, .sound, .badge], categories: nil)
            application.registerForRemoteNotifications()
            application.registerUserNotificationSettings(settings)
        }
    
        }
    
    func application(_ application: UIApplication, didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken deviceToken: Data) {
        NSLog("通知注冊完畢")
    }
    
    func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError error: Error) {
        NSLog("通知注冊失敗error:\(error)")
    }
    
    func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter, willPresent notification: UNNotification, withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UNNotificationPresentationOptions) -> Void) {
        completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptions.alert)
    }
    
}

ps:注冊通知時(shí)注意了，如果是ios10.0以上，則必須實(shí)現(xiàn)func userNotificationCenter此方法，因?yàn)?code>center.delegate = self，否則是不會有通知下發(fā)的。

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