創(chuàng)建LVM
- 劃分分區(qū),并指定適合的LVM的ID
[root@centos6 rf]# fdisk/dev/sdc使用fdisk劃分一個(gè)分區(qū)；也可直接拿塊新硬盤(pán)直接創(chuàng)建LVM邏輯卷
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3ca76d2c.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p 查看/dev/sdc硬盤(pán)的分區(qū)情況；由于是新硬盤(pán)所以沒(méi)有分區(qū)表
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3ca76d2c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n 表示創(chuàng)建一個(gè)分區(qū)
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p 表示主分區(qū) MBR分區(qū)表最多只允許4個(gè)主分區(qū)或3個(gè)主分區(qū)加一個(gè)擴(kuò)展分區(qū)，可以擴(kuò)展分區(qū)創(chuàng)建多個(gè)邏輯分區(qū)（e|p） e表示擴(kuò)展分區(qū)；p表示主分區(qū)
Partition number (1-4): 1 分區(qū)號(hào)
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 指定開(kāi)始的柱面這里如果不指定表示選擇的是默認(rèn)柱面，擴(kuò)展分區(qū)不要讓系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)否則會(huì)出錯(cuò)
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +10G 創(chuàng)建的大小可以指定柱面 也可以指定空間的大小
Command (m for help): t 調(diào)整分區(qū)的ID
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): l 查看系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)支持的所有分區(qū)ID
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e 這里選擇8e 8e表示LVM
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p 查看分區(qū)情況
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3ca76d2c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 1306 10490413+ 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
- 注意 這里此磁盤(pán)分區(qū)已同步到內(nèi)存中centos6新增磁盤(pán)同步分區(qū)表的
- partx -a /dev/DEVICE 或者 kpartx -a /dev/DEVICE -f: force
- centos6刪除分區(qū)表同步的方法
- partx -d --nr M-N /dev/DEVICE
- CentOS 5 ，7: 增加分區(qū)或刪除分區(qū) 使用partprobe
分區(qū)已劃分創(chuàng)建LVM
- 創(chuàng)建物理卷
- [root@centos6 rf]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
- Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
- [root@centos6 rf]# pvdisplay 查看系統(tǒng)上所有的物理卷的詳細(xì)信息
"/dev/sdc1" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc1
VG Name PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID n4NV1m-sr2p-A5K0-ckl4-681D-ah7g-HtYjmo
- [root@centos6 rf]# pvs 顯示系統(tǒng)上物理卷的信息
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdc1 lvm2 ---- 10.00g 10.00g
- [root@centos6 rf]# vgcreate -s 10M vg0 /dev/sdc1 創(chuàng)建卷組 -s 指定PE大小 可以省略，省略表示選擇默認(rèn)值 后面跟的是卷組的名字 指定從哪個(gè)物理卷劃分
- Volume group "vg0" successfully created
- [root@centos6 rf]# vgdisplay 查看卷組相關(guān)的信息
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg0 卷組名稱(chēng)
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 10.00 GiB 卷組總大小
PE Size 10.00 MiB PE大小
Total PE 1024 PE個(gè)數(shù)
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 1024 / 10.00 GiB
VG UUID ZujzGf-nNnJ-LfZb-ge6F-fiAP-MtHW-EepPhI
- [root@centos6 rf]# vgs 查看系統(tǒng)中的卷組
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 0 0 wz--n- 10.00g 10.00g
[root@centos6 rf]# lvcreate -L 10G -n cx vg0 創(chuàng)建邏輯卷 -L 表示指定空間大小 -n 表示指定邏輯卷的名字 后面跟卷組名字表示從哪個(gè)卷組中劃分邏輯分區(qū)
Logical volume "cx" created.
[root@centos6 rf]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/cx 創(chuàng)建文件系統(tǒng)
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 2621440 blocks
131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
- [root@centos6 rf]# mkdir /cx 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)目錄做掛載點(diǎn)
- [root@centos6 rf]# vim /etc/fstab 編輯 /etc/fstab添加“UUID=d7ab49ba-156c-4ca4-8e57-d2c6e8dd3076 /cx ext4 defaults 1 0
” - [root@centos6 ~]# blkid /dev/vg0/cx 查看UUID
/dev/vg0/cx: UUID="d7ab49ba-156c-4ca4-8e57-d2c6e8dd3076" TYPE="ext4"
- [root@centos6 rf]# mount -a 掛載/etc/fstab 文件中未掛載的設(shè)備
[root@centos6 rf]# mount 查看已掛載的設(shè)備
/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0")
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda6 on /home type ext4 (rw,usrquota)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
/dev/mapper/vg0-cx on /cx type ext4 (rw)
擴(kuò)展LVM分區(qū)
- 1如果卷組里還有多余的空間，可以直接擴(kuò)展邏輯卷；如果沒(méi)有多余的空間就需要先擴(kuò)展卷組
- 我這里先用一塊新硬盤(pán)擴(kuò)展物理卷再擴(kuò)展卷組最后擴(kuò)展邏輯分區(qū)
- [root@centos6 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd # 擴(kuò)展物理卷 ；如果有多余的物理卷，可以直接擴(kuò)展卷組
Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created
[root@centos6 ~]# pvs 查看物理卷PV的信息
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdc1 vg0 lvm2 a--u 10.00g 0
/dev/sdd lvm2 ---- 60.00g 60.00g
[root@centos6 ~]# vgextend vg0 /dev/sdd 使用vgextend 擴(kuò)展卷組（vg） 后面跟卷組名 指定把那個(gè)物理卷擴(kuò)展到卷組
Volume group "vg0" successfully extended
- [root@centos6 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg0 卷組名字
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 69.99 GiB 卷組總大小
PE Size 10.00 MiB PE的大小
Total PE 7167 PE個(gè)數(shù)
Alloc PE / Size 1024 / 10.00 GiB 已分配的給邏輯卷（lv）使用的空間
Free PE / Size 6143 / 59.99 GiB 未分配空間
VG UUID ZujzGf-nNnJ-LfZb-ge6F-fiAP-MtHW-EepPhI
[root@centos6 ~]# lvextend -r -l +1000 /dev/vg0/cx 擴(kuò)展邏輯卷并同步文件系統(tǒng)-r 表示同步文件系統(tǒng)
Size of logical volume vg0/cx changed from 10.00 GiB (1024 extents) to 19.77 GiB (2024 extents).
Logical volume cx successfully resized.
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg0-cx is mounted on /cx; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg0-cx to 5181440 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg0-cx is now 5181440 blocks long.
注意擴(kuò)展邏輯卷無(wú)需取消掛載;建議提前備份數(shù)據(jù)
縮減邏輯卷
- 先取消掛載
- [root@centos6 ~]# umount /dev/vg0/cx
- 檢查文件系統(tǒng)完整性，這一步必須否則系統(tǒng)不讓縮
- [root@centos6 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg0/cx
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vg0/cx: 11/1302528 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 121551/5181440 blocks
- 縮減文件系統(tǒng)到15G
[root@centos6 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg0/cx 15G
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg0/cx to 3932160 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg0/cx is now 3932160 blocks long.
- 縮減邏輯卷到15G，注意這里縮減的大小與文件系統(tǒng)大小一致
- [root@centos6 ~]# lvreduce -L 15G /dev/vg0/cx
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 15.00 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce vg0/cx? [y/n]: y 提醒用戶(hù)縮減空間可能會(huì)損壞數(shù)據(jù)
Size of logical volume vg0/cx changed from 19.77 GiB (2024 extents) to 15.00 GiB (1536 extents).
Logical volume cx successfully resized.
縮減邏輯卷成
創(chuàng)建邏輯卷快照
- [root@centos6 ~]# mount -a 掛載文件系統(tǒng)
- [root@centos6 ~]# mount
/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0")
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda6 on /home type ext4 (rw,usrquota)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
/dev/mapper/vg0-cx on /cx type ext4 (rw)
拷貝數(shù)據(jù)
- [root@centos6 ~]# cp /etc/passwd /cx/
- [root@centos6 ~]# ls /cx/
lost+found passwd
- 創(chuàng)建快照
- [root@centos6 ~]# lvcreate -L 1G -s -n cx-date -p r /dev/vg0/cx
Rounding up size to full physical extent 1.01 GiB
Logical volume "cx-date" created.
- [root@centos6 ~]# mkdir ll
- [root@centos6 ~]# mount /dev/vg0/cx-date ll
mount: block device /dev/mapper/vg0-cx--date is write-protected, mounting read-only 掛載快照
- [root@centos6 ~]# ls l 查看快照
lost+found passwd
- [root@centos6 ~]# rm -rf /cx/passwd 刪除源文件的部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)
取消邏輯卷與快照的掛載 - [root@centos6 ~]# umount /cx/
- [root@centos6 ~]# umount ll/
- 恢復(fù)快照 注意恢復(fù)快照會(huì)被刪除
- [root@centos6 ~]# lvconvert --merge /dev/vg0/cx-date
Merging of volume cx-date started. cx: Merged: 100.0% Merge of snapshot into logical volume cx has finished. Logical volume "cx-date" successfully removed - 快照被刪除
- [root@centos6 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg0/cx
LV Name cx
VG Name vg0
LV UUID YqujVe-SSvL-BDFZ-TuPu-YMTg-lXTe-DnlubY
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time centos6.chenxi.com, 2017-06-24 08:52:01 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 15.00 GiB
Current LE 1536
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
查看是否成功恢復(fù)
- [root@centos6 ~]# mount -a
- [root@centos6 ~]# cat /cx/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin......
遷移LVM到其他主機(jī)，先取消掛載
- 遷移前改個(gè)名字 如果目標(biāo)主機(jī)沒(méi)有重復(fù)名字的卷組就不用更改
- vgrename 原名 新名字
- lvrename 原名 新名字 改邏輯卷的名字
- umount /cx/取消掛載
- pvmove /dev/sdc1 遷移PE空間，遷移前應(yīng)先查看卷組PE空間是否夠sdc1 PE空間使用，如果不夠應(yīng)先擴(kuò)展卷組空間
- vgchange -an vg0 禁用卷組
- vgexport vg0 導(dǎo)出卷組
- 拔出對(duì)應(yīng)的硬盤(pán)拔出
在目標(biāo)計(jì)算機(jī)上 - 在新系統(tǒng)中安裝舊硬盤(pán)，并vgimport vg0.
- vgchange –ay vg0 啟用卷組
- mount 掛載
