現(xiàn)在在Java web 的世界中,很多都用spring的,因?yàn)樗母叨冉怦?,使得開發(fā)人員能夠快速構(gòu)建出高可用和高擴(kuò)展的應(yīng)用。我們看下spring在web項(xiàng)目中的啟動(dòng)過程和上下文的使用情況。web 應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)過程可以參考上一篇文章。http://www.itdecent.cn/p/a9babadb5f4b
我一般都用xml或者注解的方式使用spring,先說(shuō)下xml的
1、xml based configuration
在XML based configuration的項(xiàng)目中,web.xml大致如下:
<web-app>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/app-context.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>app</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value></param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>app</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/app/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
ContextLoaderListener 如下:
public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {
public ContextLoaderListener() {
}
public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {
super(context);
}
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
this.initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
this.closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());
}
}
在應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候,會(huì)調(diào)用contextInitialized,里面調(diào)用ContextLoader 的initWebApplicationContext 方法(servlet context 已經(jīng)由web容器創(chuàng)建好了),方法中會(huì)創(chuàng)建 WebApplicationContext 并把它注冊(cè)到servlet context中:
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
WebApplicationContext 熟悉吧?xml用的XmlWebApplicationContext、groovy用的GroovyWebApplicationContext、基于注解的AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext 都是它的實(shí)現(xiàn)類。它就是作為IOC容器的上下文,也是root context。
看下initWebApplicationContext方法的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):
this.context = this.createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);//創(chuàng)建WebApplicationContext對(duì)象
...
if(this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)this.context;
if(!cwac.isActive()) {
if(cwac.getParent() == null) {
ApplicationContext parent = this.loadParentContext(servletContext);
cwac.setParent(parent);//將web application context 的父容器設(shè)置為servletContext
}
this.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
}
}
root context初始化完了以后,按照定義的順序開始加載初始化servlet。這里是DispatcherServlet。DispatcherServlet在初始化的時(shí)候,會(huì)創(chuàng)建自己的IOC context(servlet application context),并且從servlet context中取出屬性名為WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE 的context,也就是root context,并根據(jù)創(chuàng)建出來(lái)的context創(chuàng)建DispatcherServlet,注冊(cè)過濾器,最后將DispatcherServlet加入到servlet context(root context)中。servletApplicationContext 就作為WebApplicationContext的子容器了。這個(gè)不太直觀,我們看下基于注解的配置的代碼就很清楚了。
2、annotation based configuration
web application context:
public class MyWebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return null;
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class<?>[] { MyWebConfig.class };
}
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[] { "/" };
}
}
web mvc context:
class MyWebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
@Override
public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
...
}
}
我們看看AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer:
public abstract class AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer extends AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer {
public AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer() {
}
@Nullable
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
Class<?>[] configClasses = this.getRootConfigClasses();
if(!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootAppContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
rootAppContext.register(configClasses);
return rootAppContext;
} else {
return null;
}
}
protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext servletAppContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
Class<?>[] configClasses = this.getServletConfigClasses();
if(!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) {
servletAppContext.register(configClasses);
}
return servletAppContext;
}
@Nullable
protected abstract Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses();
@Nullable
protected abstract Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses();
}
主要就是創(chuàng)建rootApplicationContext 和 servletApplicationContext,也就是兩個(gè)父子容器了。
再來(lái)看看AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer,主要代碼如下:
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
super.onStartup(servletContext);
this.registerDispatcherServlet(servletContext);
}
protected void registerDispatcherServlet(ServletContext servletContext) {
String servletName = this.getServletName();
WebApplicationContext servletAppContext = this.createServletApplicationContext();
FrameworkServlet dispatcherServlet = this.createDispatcherServlet(servletAppContext);
dispatcherServlet.setContextInitializers(this.getServletApplicationContextInitializers());
Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet(servletName, dispatcherServlet);
registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
registration.addMapping(this.getServletMappings());
registration.setAsyncSupported(this.isAsyncSupported());
Filter[] filters = this.getServletFilters();
if(!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(filters)) {
Filter[] var7 = filters;
int var8 = filters.length;
for(int var9 = 0; var9 < var8; ++var9) {
Filter filter = var7[var9];
this.registerServletFilter(servletContext, filter);
}
}
this.customizeRegistration(registration);
}
protected String getServletName() {
return "dispatcher";
}
protected abstract WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext();
protected FrameworkServlet createDispatcherServlet(WebApplicationContext servletAppContext) {
return new DispatcherServlet(servletAppContext);
}
看到代碼了,就是那么實(shí)現(xiàn)的。哈!
父子容器(父:WebApplicationContext,子:ServletApplicationContext),在子容器中可以訪問父容器中的bean,但是,父容器中卻不能夠訪問子容器中的bean,這個(gè)是很自然的事情。。父容器中的bean主要是 DAO、service、repository,也就是業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層和數(shù)據(jù)持久化層;子容器中主要就是controller,也就是ACTION相關(guān)的東西。這個(gè)是很自然的事情,mvc嘛,子容器訪問父容器中的bean,不正是mvc中的c調(diào)用m?
一個(gè)不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的時(shí)序和調(diào)用圖如下:

這種采用父子容器的方式是很正規(guī),中規(guī)中矩的方式,其實(shí)也可以直接都在同一個(gè)context中,不過不建議這樣做。