前言

權(quán)限申請(qǐng)效果

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GitHub地址：PermissionUtils

Android8.0昨天已經(jīng)發(fā)布，但是關(guān)于Android版本的最新統(tǒng)計(jì)，來看看圖

image.png

很明顯，6.0版本目前比重最高，從6.0開始的運(yùn)行時(shí)權(quán)限，是每個(gè)Android開發(fā)者繞不過的問題

正文

雖然Google大佬允許我們將targetSdkVersion 設(shè)置為22及以下，但是向來緊跟Google大佬步伐的我們，怎么會(huì)用這種投機(jī)取消的方式呢。

關(guān)于Android權(quán)限，Google分為兩類，一類為普通權(quán)限，默認(rèn)在AndroidManifest中注冊(cè)即可，主要為以下，這類權(quán)限默認(rèn)不需要用戶授權(quán)，比如震動(dòng)、訪問網(wǎng)絡(luò)權(quán)限：

ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
BROADCAST_STICKY
CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
DISABLE_KEYGUARD
EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
INSTALL_SHORTCUT
INTERNET
KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
NFC
READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
READ_SYNC_STATS
RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
REORDER_TASKS
REQUEST_IGNORE_BATTERY_OPTIMIZATIONS
REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
SET_ALARM
SET_TIME_ZONE
SET_WALLPAPER
SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
TRANSMIT_IR
UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
USE_FINGERPRINT
VIBRATE
WAKE_LOCK
WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS

而另一類就是危險(xiǎn)權(quán)限，涉及用戶隱私或影響設(shè)備安全
根據(jù)表中可以看出，危險(xiǎn)權(quán)限都是成組出現(xiàn)的，那么在授權(quán)時(shí)，如果申請(qǐng)一組中某個(gè)權(quán)限，權(quán)限申請(qǐng)彈窗會(huì)提示整組權(quán)限的說明，而且如果一組權(quán)限中的某個(gè)權(quán)限已經(jīng)被授權(quán)，那么在申請(qǐng)同組其他權(quán)限時(shí)，系統(tǒng)立即授權(quán)，不需要通過用戶允許。
注意: 運(yùn)行時(shí)權(quán)限依然要在AndroidManifest中注冊(cè)

開始適配
這里舉例適配Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION位置權(quán)限

• 1、在AndroidManifest中注冊(cè)權(quán)限
• 2、檢查權(quán)限

ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity,
                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED 

• 3、申請(qǐng)權(quán)限

 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
                new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},
                myRequestCode);

• 4、申請(qǐng)回調(diào)的處理

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
        String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case myRequestCode: {
            if (grantResults.length > 0
                && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            //申請(qǐng)通過

            } else {
           //申請(qǐng)失敗

            //是否需要向用戶解釋申請(qǐng)的原因，在用戶點(diǎn)擊拒絕后，彈出dialog，給用戶解釋
            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) 


              }
            }
        }
    }
}

封裝
運(yùn)行時(shí)權(quán)限的流程很清晰，那么開發(fā)中每次寫這么多固定代碼，為何不進(jìn)行封裝一下呢？那就來分析申請(qǐng)的流程和特點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行處理

package com.ddz.lifestyle.utils;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.support.annotation.IntRange;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;
import android.util.SparseArray;

import com.ddz.lifestyle.LifeStyle;
import com.ddz.lifestyle.http.GankApiStores;
import com.ddz.lifestyle.http.bean.BookBean;
import com.tencent.smtt.sdk.QbSdk;

import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;

/**
 * @Author: ddz
 * Creation time: 17.8.11 17:11
 * describe:{Android權(quán)限申請(qǐng)的封裝，并在內(nèi)部實(shí)現(xiàn)申請(qǐng)結(jié)果的處理}
 */

public class PermissionUtils {

    private static PermissionUtils permission;
    private String[] permissions;
    private Activity mActivity;
    private RequestPermissionListener PermissionListener;


    public static int requestCode = 100;  //requestCode傳值為100


    public static PermissionUtils getInstance() {
        if (null == permission) {
            synchronized (PermissionUtils.class) {
                if (null == permission) {
                    permission = new PermissionUtils();
                }
            }
        }
        return permission;
    }

    /**
     * 權(quán)限檢查
     *
     * @param permission
     * @return
     */
    public boolean checkPermission(@NonNull String permission) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(LifeStyle.getContext(), permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Activity 頁面申請(qǐng)權(quán)限
     *
     * @param activity
     * @param permissions
     * @param requestCode
     * @param requestPermissionListener
     */
    public void requestPermissiion(final @NonNull Activity activity,
                                   final @NonNull String[] permissions, final @IntRange(from = 0) int requestCode, @NonNull RequestPermissionListener requestPermissionListener) {
        this.mActivity = activity;
        PermissionListener = requestPermissionListener;
        this.permissions = permissions;
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, permissions, requestCode);
    }


    /**
     * Fragment頁面申請(qǐng)權(quán)限
     *
     * @param fragment
     * @param permissions
     * @param requestCode
     * @param requestPermissionListener
     */
    public void requestFragmentPermission(final @NonNull Fragment fragment,
                                          final @NonNull String[] permissions, final @IntRange(from = 0) int requestCode, @NonNull RequestPermissionListener requestPermissionListener) {
        PermissionListener = requestPermissionListener;
        this.permissions = permissions;
        fragment.requestPermissions(permissions, requestCode);
    }


    /**
     * 權(quán)限申請(qǐng)結(jié)果的回調(diào)
     *
     * @param activity
     * @param requestCode
     * @param permissions
     * @param grantResults
     */
    public void onRequestPermissionResult(final @NonNull Activity activity, int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                          @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        this.mActivity = activity;
        if (null != PermissionListener) {
            if (requestCode == PermissionUtils.requestCode && grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                PermissionListener.requestConfirm();
            } else {
                if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, permissions[0])) {
                    PermissionListener.requestCancel();
                } else {
                    PermissionListener.requestCancelAgain();
                }
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * 用戶點(diǎn)擊拒絕，彈出申請(qǐng)權(quán)限的說明彈窗，也可以自定義實(shí)現(xiàn)
     *
     * @param context Context
     * @param title   彈窗標(biāo)題
     * @param message 申請(qǐng)權(quán)限解釋說明
     * @param confirm 確認(rèn)按鈕的文字，默認(rèn)OK
     * @param cancel  取消按鈕呢的文字，默認(rèn)不顯示取消按鈕
     */

    public void requestDialog(Context context, @NonNull String title, @NonNull String message, String confirm, String cancel) {
        try {
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context).setTitle(title).setMessage(message);
            builder.setPositiveButton(confirm == null ? "OK" : confirm, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    requestPermissiion(mActivity, permissions, requestCode, PermissionListener);
                    dialog.dismiss();
                }
            });
            if (null != cancel) {
                builder.setNegativeButton(cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        dialog.dismiss();
                    }
                });
            }
            builder.setCancelable(false);
            builder.show();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 用戶勾選不再顯示并點(diǎn)擊拒絕，彈出打開設(shè)置頁面申請(qǐng)權(quán)限，也可以自定義實(shí)現(xiàn)
     *
     * @param context Context
     * @param title   彈窗標(biāo)題
     * @param message 申請(qǐng)權(quán)限解釋說明
     * @param confirm 確認(rèn)按鈕的文字，默認(rèn)OK
     * @param cancel  取消按鈕呢的文字，默認(rèn)不顯示取消按鈕
     */

    public void requestDialogAgain(Context context, @NonNull String title, @NonNull String message, String confirm, String cancel) {
        try {
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context).setTitle(title).setMessage(message);
            builder.setPositiveButton(confirm == null ? "OK" : confirm, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    startSettingActivity(mActivity);
                    dialog.dismiss();
                }
            });
            if (null != cancel) {
                builder.setNegativeButton(cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        dialog.dismiss();
                    }
                });
            }
            builder.setCancelable(false);
            builder.show();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 打開設(shè)置頁面打開權(quán)限
     *
     * @param context
     */
    public void startSettingActivity(@NonNull Activity context) {

        try {
            Intent intent =
                    new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS, Uri.parse("package:" +
                            context.getPackageName()));
            intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
            context.startActivityForResult(intent, 10); //這里的requestCode和onActivityResult中requestCode要一致
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 打開設(shè)置頁面的回調(diào)
     *
     * @param requestCode
     * @param resultCode
     * @param data
     */
    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case 10:  //這里值是打開設(shè)置頁面申請(qǐng)權(quán)限的RequestCode，默認(rèn)為10
                try {
                    if (null != PermissionListener) {
                        if (null != permissions && permissions.length > 0) {
                            for (String permission : permissions) {
                                if (checkPermission(permission)) {
                                    PermissionListener.requestConfirm();
                                } else {
                                    PermissionListener.requestFailed();
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            PermissionListener.requestFailed();
                        }
                    } else {
                        PermissionListener.requestFailed();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 權(quán)限申請(qǐng)回調(diào)
     */
    public interface RequestPermissionListener {
        void requestConfirm();  //申請(qǐng)成功

        void requestCancel();  //拒絕

        void requestCancelAgain();  //勾選不再提示并拒絕

        void requestFailed();  //在設(shè)置頁面申請(qǐng)權(quán)限失敗
    }
}

封裝的工具類使用 （分為四步）

檢查權(quán)限

PermissionUtils.getInstance().checkPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)

申請(qǐng)權(quán)限

 PermissionUtils.getInstance().requestPermissiion(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, PermissionUtils.requestCode, new PermissionUtils.RequestPermissionListener() {
                @Override
                public void requestConfirm() {
                    //申請(qǐng)成功
                    toast(null);
                }
                @Override
                public void requestCancel() {
                    //用戶拒絕，對(duì)用戶解釋申請(qǐng)理由
                    //如果想使用封裝好的彈窗提示
                    PermissionUtils.getInstance().requestDialog(TestActivity.this, "申請(qǐng)權(quán)限", "需要位置權(quán)限", null, null);
                }
                @Override
                public void requestCancelAgain() {
                    //用戶勾選不再提示并拒絕，申請(qǐng)打開應(yīng)用設(shè)置頁面申請(qǐng)權(quán)限，具體邏輯自己寫
                    //使用默認(rèn)封裝好的提示,并打開設(shè)置頁面
                    PermissionUtils.getInstance().requestDialogAgain(TestActivity.this, "申請(qǐng)權(quán)限", "去設(shè)置頁面打開位置限才能正常使用", null, null);
                }
                @Override
                public void requestFailed() {
                    //申請(qǐng)失敗
                    toast("對(duì)不起，沒有權(quán)限，退出");
                }
            });

權(quán)限回調(diào)的處理

  PermissionUtils.getInstance().onRequestPermissionResult(TestActivity.this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

打開設(shè)置頁面申請(qǐng)權(quán)限的處理

 PermissionUtils.getInstance().onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

根據(jù)封裝好的工具類，寫個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單例子

package com.ddz.lifestyle.view.activity;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.PersistableBundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.ddz.lifestyle.R;
import com.ddz.lifestyle.utils.PermissionUtils;

/**
 * @Author: ddz
 * Creation time: 17.8.11 16:07
 * describe:()
 */

public class TestActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        initPremission();
    }
    
    private void initPremission() {
        if (PermissionUtils.getInstance().checkPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) {
            toast(null);
        } else {
            PermissionUtils.getInstance().requestPermissiion(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, PermissionUtils.requestCode, new PermissionUtils.RequestPermissionListener() {
                @Override
                public void requestConfirm() {
                    //申請(qǐng)成功
                    toast(null);
                }

                @Override
                public void requestCancel() {
                    //用戶拒絕，對(duì)用戶解釋申請(qǐng)理由

                    //如果想使用封裝好的彈窗提示
                    PermissionUtils.getInstance().requestDialog(TestActivity.this, "申請(qǐng)權(quán)限", "需要位置權(quán)限", null, null);
                }

                @Override
                public void requestCancelAgain() {
                    //用戶勾選不再提示并拒絕，申請(qǐng)打開應(yīng)用設(shè)置頁面申請(qǐng)權(quán)限，具體邏輯自己寫

                    //使用默認(rèn)封裝好的提示,并打開設(shè)置頁面
                    PermissionUtils.getInstance().requestDialogAgain(TestActivity.this, "申請(qǐng)權(quán)限", "去設(shè)置頁面打開位置限才能正常使用", null, null);
                }

                @Override
                public void requestFailed() {
                    //申請(qǐng)失敗
                    toast("對(duì)不起，沒有權(quán)限，退出");
                }
            });
        }
    }

    //一定要對(duì)權(quán)限回調(diào)進(jìn)行處理
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        PermissionUtils.getInstance().onRequestPermissionResult(TestActivity.this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    }

    //如果打開了設(shè)置頁面申請(qǐng)權(quán)限，一定要對(duì)回調(diào)進(jìn)行處理
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        PermissionUtils.getInstance().onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }

    private void toast(String message) {
        Toast.makeText(TestActivity.this, message == null ? "權(quán)限申請(qǐng)成功" : message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

結(jié)束

封裝后的權(quán)限申請(qǐng)，結(jié)構(gòu)更加清晰，根據(jù)回調(diào)結(jié)果的不同可以做出相應(yīng)處理，也封裝了權(quán)限申請(qǐng)的說明彈窗，如果沒有特殊的設(shè)計(jì)要求，即可滿足日常開發(fā)的權(quán)限申請(qǐng)工作。
GitHub地址：PermissionUtils