一、什么是虛擬語(yǔ)氣

虛擬表示與事實(shí)相反或虛假的、難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況，我們會(huì)在英文中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

有時(shí)表示主觀愿望、建議或某種強(qiáng)烈情感，也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

二、一般用法

1 ）對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬

例： 如果你是我眼中的一滴淚，我就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)哭泣。

【翻譯】If you are a tear in my eyes, I will never shed it.（主將從現(xiàn)）（條件狀語(yǔ)從句）

寫成虛擬語(yǔ)氣，只需要把寫好的句子時(shí)態(tài)變成它的過去式就可以了。并且在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，BE動(dòng)詞的過去式只有were，沒有was，并且could=would=might 。

【虛擬語(yǔ)氣】If you were a tear in my eyes, I would never shed it.

主句用“would + do”；從句用一般過去時(shí)。

2 ）對(duì)過去的虛擬

例：如果昨天晚上我是一條狗，就能夠和你睡在床上了。

【翻譯】If I was a dog last night, I could sleep in bed with you.

【虛擬語(yǔ)氣】If I had been a dog last night, I could have slept in bed with you.

主句用“could + have done”；從句用過去完成時(shí)。

延伸：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)相同點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)作都是發(fā)生在過去的；不同點(diǎn)是：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般沒有確切的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，過去完成時(shí)通常都跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

3）對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬

要注意的是，對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬從句用法有點(diǎn)特殊，不只是往后推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，它的構(gòu)成是：

主句是 would/could/might/should+ do（同現(xiàn)在的虛擬），從句是 were to do 或者 should do。

例：If it should rain tomorrow, the game would be put off.

如果明天萬(wàn)一下雨，比賽就會(huì)推遲。

練習(xí)：

① 如果每一個(gè)大學(xué)生都沉溺于短視頻的話，他到死也會(huì)一事無(wú)成。

【翻譯】If every undergraduate is indulged in short videos , he will achieve nothing until the end of his life.

【虛擬】If every undergraduate were indulged in short videos , he would achieve nothing until the end of his life.

② 如果沒有陰云密布，我們就不會(huì)享受陽(yáng)光。

【翻譯】If there are no clouds, we will not enjoy the sun.

【虛擬】If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun.

③ 如果我當(dāng)時(shí)努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，我肯定會(huì)成功的。

【翻譯】If I?worked hard at the beginning, I?would?surely succeed.

【虛擬】If I had worked hard at the beginning, I would have surely succeeded.

④ 如果鳳英還在，我會(huì)讓她成為這個(gè)世界上最幸福的母親。

【翻譯】If Fengying is?still alive today, I will make her the happiest mother in the world.

【虛擬】If Fengying were still alive today, I would make her the happiest mother in the world.

⑤ 如果他要能上北京大學(xué)的話，他一定會(huì)讓全世界知道這件事情。

【翻譯】If he should go to Pecking University, he would be sure to let the world know about it.

【改寫】If he went to Pecking University, he would be sure to let the world know about it.

三、特殊用法

1、以下情況從句用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬，并且 should 可以省略

以防： in case that ，for fear that ，lest 等。

“命”（命令）： order ，direct ，command 等。

“賤”（建議）： suggest ，advise ，propose 等。

要求： ask ，request ，demand，require 等。

用虛擬

是必要/重要/緊急的：It is necessary / important / urgent that...

舉例：

① 醫(yī)生建議我多吃蔬菜。

【翻譯】The doctor suggested that I should eat more vegetables.

② 大學(xué)生掌握一門外語(yǔ)很有必要。

【翻譯】It is necessary that a college students?should master a foreign language.

③ 我的建議是我們要定一個(gè)交論文的截止日期。

【翻譯】My proposal is that we (should) set a deadline for handing the essay.

④ 建議在所有準(zhǔn)備工作做好之前不要啟動(dòng)該項(xiàng)目。

【翻譯】It is suggested that the project not be started until all the preparations have been made.

⑤ 人人都要遵守法律，這很重要。

【翻譯】It is quite crucial that everyone should obey the laws.

2、以下情況遵循時(shí)態(tài)前推原則

常見的詞有： wish（希望） ，if only（如果......該多好?。琤ut for（要不是），or/otherwise（否則），as if/as though（好像）等。

① 我希望以后能做你的天使保護(hù)你。

【翻譯】I wish I would be your angel and protect you.

② 我希望了解世界所有事。

【翻譯】I wish I knew everything in the world.

③ 我多希望我在北京的時(shí)候能去一趟頤和園。

【翻譯】I wish I had visited the Summer Palace when I was in Beijing.

④ 老人體格健壯，打球就像個(gè)年輕人。

【翻譯】The old man is physically strong and he plays the ball as if he were a young man.

3、would rather 專題

1）would rather do sth.? ? ??寧愿做某事

舉例：

① I would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.

【翻譯】我今晚寧愿呆在家里讀點(diǎn)書。

② He would rather work in the countryside than in big cities.

【翻譯】他寧愿去農(nóng)村工作也不愿意去大城市。

2 ）would rather sb. did? ? ? 寧愿某人做某事

舉例：

① I would rather you told me the truth.

【翻譯】我寧愿你把真相告訴我。

② I am busy today, I would rather you visited tomorrow.

【翻譯】我今天沒時(shí)間，我希望你明天再來(lái)找我。

3 ）would rather sb. had done? ? ??寧愿、希望某人過去做過某事，事實(shí)上并沒有做

舉例：

① I would rather I had passed the examination last week.

【翻譯】我真希望通過上星期的考試。

② I would rather you hadn’t told him the bad news that day.

【翻譯】我真希望你那天沒有把那個(gè)壞消息告訴他。

4、It is high time (that) （是...的時(shí)候）的虛擬用法

從句用過去式表示虛擬

舉例：

① It is high time that we took some measures to solve this problem.

【翻譯】我們是時(shí)候采取一些措施解決這個(gè)問題了。

② It is high time that we put an end to this lecture.

【翻譯】現(xiàn)在是我們?cè)摻Y(jié)束講座的時(shí)候了。

四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)分析

1、寫作

舉例：

① 如果一個(gè)人生活中沒有興趣，他經(jīng)常會(huì)覺得無(wú)聊。

【翻譯】If a person has no interest in his life, he will often feel bored.

【虛擬】If a person had no interest in his life, he would often feel bored.

② 大學(xué)密切關(guān)注大學(xué)生心理健康問題是非常必要的。

【翻譯】It is quite necessary that universities should pay close attention to the mental health of university students.

③ 我們是時(shí)候?qū)σ吧鷦?dòng)物保護(hù)加以高度重視了。

【翻譯】It is high time that we laid great emphasis on the wildlife protection.

④ 我的建議是普通市民應(yīng)自覺保護(hù)小區(qū)環(huán)境、不隨便丟垃圾。

【翻譯】My suggestion is that common citizens should protect their community environment and （should）not dump rubbish at random.

2、長(zhǎng)難句分析

舉例：

① If that happened, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.

【翻譯】這種情況一旦發(fā)生，激動(dòng)的消費(fèi)者會(huì)盡力說服他人抵制產(chǎn)品，從而使目標(biāo) 企業(yè)的聲譽(yù)處于危險(xiǎn)境地。

② At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.

【翻譯】例如在波士頓大學(xué)，從其他學(xué)院轉(zhuǎn)到護(hù)理學(xué)院要多修一年課程。