引言
前面我們講到自定義View的測(cè)量和布局原理,本文基于這兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn),定義一個(gè)經(jīng)常用到的靜態(tài)ViewGroup案例--流式布局。在我之前的商業(yè)項(xiàng)目藝術(shù)簽名專業(yè)版(打個(gè)小廣告哈)中,布局應(yīng)用效果如下:

實(shí)現(xiàn)思路
1.測(cè)量部分。
遍歷測(cè)量子View,得到大小后,按行處理:換行前,每一行的寬linewidth為子View的寬累加,每一行高lineheight為該行子View的最大值;換行后重新計(jì)算行寬和行高,最終的測(cè)量結(jié)果:寬取行寬的最大值,高為行高的累加值
2.布局部分。
以行為單位布局,而行高必須得得到一整行得到,所以需要保存每一行的行高和每一行的View集合(或者改行子View的布局參數(shù)Rect,這里為了邏輯更清晰,將邏輯分行和實(shí)際布局分開,采用View集合)。
1.onMeasure實(shí)現(xiàn)
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
//Step1:拿到父View期望的大小
int resultWidth = 0;
int resultHeight = 0;
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
int modeWidth = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int modeHeight = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
//最終的測(cè)量結(jié)果
resultWidth = 0;
resultHeight = 0;
//step2:自己定義View的邏輯,根據(jù)子View大小確定父View大小
//每一行的寬度,View的寬度取最大寬度resultWidth
int lineWidth = 0;
//每一行的高度,累加得到resultHeight
int lineHeight = 0;
int count = getChildCount();
//遍歷子View,測(cè)量子View,計(jì)算寬高
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
//Step1 獲得每個(gè)Child的寬高和Margin,得出每個(gè)child占據(jù)的空間
View child = getChildAt(i);
measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
Log.e("Flow", "onMeasure:" + i + ":" + child.getMeasuredWidth());
// 得到child的lp
MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
//child占據(jù)空間
int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;
int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin;//注意,測(cè)量后,布局之前,只能取getMeasuredHeight,不能取getHeight
//Step2.按行處理,注意這里的換行條件:判斷剩下的空間是否容得下這個(gè)child,考慮padding
if (lineWidth + childWidth < widthSize - getPaddingLeft() - getPaddingRight()) {//未換行,寬度累加,每行的高度取child的最大值
lineWidth = lineWidth + childWidth;
lineHeight = Math.max(lineHeight, childHeight);
} else {//換行,寬度取行寬度的最大值,高度累加
resultWidth = Math.max(lineWidth, childWidth);
resultHeight = resultHeight + lineHeight;
lineWidth = childWidth;//行寬高重新開始計(jì)算
lineHeight = childHeight;
}
//到最后一個(gè),需要最后一行的寬高處理下,exp:兩次換行,實(shí)際是3行
if (i == count - 1) {
resultWidth = Math.max(lineWidth, resultWidth);//寬度是行寬的最大值
resultHeight = resultHeight + lineHeight;//最后一行加上去
}
}
//如果是精確模式,則采用父布局指定的尺寸
if (modeWidth == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
resultWidth = widthSize;
}else{//wrap_content
//到這里resultWidth為子View區(qū)域所占的寬度
resultWidth += getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
}
if (modeHeight == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
resultHeight = heightSize;
}else{//wrap_content
//到這里resultHeight為子View區(qū)域所占的高度
resultHeight += getPaddingBottom() + getPaddingTop();
}
setMeasuredDimension(resultWidth, resultHeight);
}
這里容易出錯(cuò)的地方:
(1)換行邏輯:if(lineWidth + childWidth < widthSize - getPaddingLeft() - getPaddingRight())表示本行剩余的空間能裝下當(dāng)前的子View,所以不需要需要換行;否則重開一行繼續(xù)計(jì)算;
(2)最后一行的行寬和行高納入計(jì)算,因?yàn)閾Q行次數(shù)比行數(shù)多一,不要遺漏;
(3)最后的寬高不要忘記考慮padding。
2.onLayout實(shí)現(xiàn)
/**
* 流式布局的布局要素:
* 以行為單位布局,而行高必須得遍歷完一整行才能得到,
* 所以需要保存每一行的行高和每一行的View(或者布局參數(shù),
* 這里為了邏輯更清晰,每一行保存View)
*
* @param changed
* @param l
* @param t
* @param r
* @param b
*/
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
mAllViews.clear();
mLineHeights.clear();
int parentWidth = getMeasuredWidth();
int lineWidth = 0;
int lineHeight = 0;
int count = getChildCount();
// 存儲(chǔ)每一行所有的childView
List<View> lineViews = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
View child = getChildAt(i);
MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;
Log.e("Flow", "onLayout:" + child.getMeasuredWidth());
int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin;
if (lineWidth + childWidth > parentWidth - getPaddingLeft() - getPaddingRight()) {
//TODO 換行
mAllViews.add(lineViews);//保存本行的View
mLineHeights.add(lineHeight);//保存本行行高
//新開辟一行
lineViews = new ArrayList<>();
lineWidth = 0;
lineHeight = 0;
}
//一行中進(jìn)行累加操作
lineWidth += childWidth;
lineHeight = Math.max(lineHeight, childHeight);
lineViews.add(child);
}
//別忘了最后一行需要加入計(jì)算
mAllViews.add(lineViews);
mLineHeights.add(lineHeight);
//有了每一行View和行高,下面進(jìn)行布局
/**
* 布局的起點(diǎn),別忘了起點(diǎn)參考系是相對(duì)于父布局的左上角的,所以布局起點(diǎn)位置為paddingLeft和paddingRight
*/
int left = getPaddingLeft();
int top = getPaddingTop();
//按行布局
int lineNumbers = mAllViews.size();
for (int i = 0; i < lineNumbers; i++) {
lineViews = mAllViews.get(i);
lineHeight = mLineHeights.get(i);
//布局每一行
for (int j = 0; j < lineViews.size(); j++) {
View child = lineViews.get(j);
if (child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) {
continue;
}
MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int lc = left + lp.leftMargin;
int tc = top + lp.topMargin;
int rc = lc + child.getMeasuredWidth();
int bc = tc + child.getMeasuredHeight();
child.layout(lc, tc, rc, bc);
//下一個(gè)
left += child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;
}
//下一行開始布局
left = getPaddingLeft();
top += lineHeight;
}
}
需要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.布局起點(diǎn)問題,這里的left和right都是相對(duì)父布局的左上角而言的,所以需要考慮padding;
2.分行部分的代碼邏輯和onMeasure很相似,做好集合處理即可;
常量及覆寫addView方法:
private final int DIP_ITEM_GAP = 5;
private int topGap = (int) SizeUtils.dp2Px(getResources(), DIP_ITEM_GAP);
private int leftGap = (int) SizeUtils.dp2Px(getResources(), DIP_ITEM_GAP);
private int bottomGap = (int) SizeUtils.dp2Px(getResources(), DIP_ITEM_GAP);
private int rightGap = (int) SizeUtils.dp2Px(getResources(), DIP_ITEM_GAP);
@Override
public void addView(View child) {
MarginLayoutParams lp = new MarginLayoutParams(MarginLayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, MarginLayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
lp.bottomMargin = bottomGap;
lp.topMargin = topGap;
lp.leftMargin = leftGap;
lp.rightMargin = rightGap;
child.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.bg_button_gray);
super.addView(child, lp);
}
以上就是FlowLayout的代碼,通過本文的學(xué)習(xí),希望讀者可以知道基本的ViewGroup的實(shí)現(xiàn)套路:
1.onMeasure方法拿到子View的寬高,考慮padding,隨便浪去吧!
2.onLayout方法處理好子View的布局位置,隨便浪去吧!
這里的FlowLayout案例是靜態(tài)ViewGroup,沒有考慮手勢(shì)及滑動(dòng)處理問題,想要實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)交互功能的View/ViewGroup,就需要學(xué)習(xí)View的觸摸事件分發(fā)和滾動(dòng)機(jī)制,后面會(huì)詳細(xì)分析這兩塊。