26. as…as

as many as 和……一樣多/多達(dá)；as much as 和……一樣多/多達(dá)（注意：many指可數(shù)的量，much 指不可數(shù)詞的量）；as high as 和……一樣高/高達(dá)；as thick as 和……一樣厚/厚達(dá)；as long as 一樣長(zhǎng)/長(zhǎng)達(dá);as deep as 一樣深/深達(dá)；as early as 一樣早/早在……時(shí)候，如：

We have as many books as they.我們的書和他們的一樣多。/The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings.大火燒毀的大樓多達(dá)20座。

[應(yīng)用]漢譯英

①新橋與舊橋一樣長(zhǎng)。/這種魚可長(zhǎng)到長(zhǎng)達(dá)15英尺。

②這座山和遠(yuǎn)處的另一座一樣高。/這座山高達(dá)4000米。

Key:①The new bridge is as long as the old one./The kind of fish can grow as long as 15 feet.

②This mountain is as high as another one in the distance./This mountain is as high as 4,000 metres.

as…as possible:as…as one can盡可能地…….

①I’ll come back as soon as possible.我盡可能地……

②Get up as early as possible tomorrow morning. 明天早晨盡量早起。

as...as...用法小結(jié)

（1）...as+形容詞（副詞）原級(jí)+as...;not as/so+形容詞（副詞）原級(jí)+as...

Their factory is as large as ours.他們的工廠和我們的一樣大。

（2）……倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞（副詞）原級(jí)+as...

Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.=Line AB is twice longer than/3 times the length of Line CD.線段AB是線段CD長(zhǎng)的3倍。

（3）as + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as; as + 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + as

She is as good many records as possible.我們需要盡量多的唱片。

（5）as much/ many as多達(dá)……，……那么多

On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as much as 650 calories an hour.在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，進(jìn)行接力賽跑時(shí)，你消耗的能量最多，可能每小時(shí)多達(dá)650卡。

（6）as...as possible; as... as one can

The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as he can. =The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as possible.老師在黑板上應(yīng)盡可能仔細(xì)地把字寫好。

（7）as...as + 年代數(shù)字/名詞

As early as 1950 I knew him.早在1950 年我就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。

（8）as/so far as I know

As/ So for as I know, he will be away from home for 3 months.就我所知，他將要離家3個(gè)月。

（9）as soon as—……就……

Please let us know as soon as you arrive in Bejing.一到北京，請(qǐng)通知我們一聲。

（10）as well as 和；也；還有

He gave me money as well as advice.他除了給我忠告外，還給我錢。

He studies French as well as English.他不但學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，而且學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)。

（11）as/so long as 只要；如果

You may use that dictionary as long as you take care of it.只要你好好保存，你可以用那本詞典。

as a matter of fact=in fact事實(shí)上、實(shí)際上……

It seems easy,but as a matter of fact,it’ll take us a long time to work it out.

區(qū)別下列用法

1)as(so)far as 和……一樣遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)至（原級(jí)比較或表示距離）；就……來(lái)講

2)as(so)long as 和……一樣長(zhǎng)（原級(jí)比較）；只要（引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句）

3）as well as和……一樣好；既……也……（連接并列成分）

4）as good as和……一樣好；事實(shí)上（作狀語(yǔ)）

[應(yīng)用]完成句子

①他們實(shí)際上已經(jīng)答應(yīng)幫助我們了。They have ________ _______ ______ promised to help us.

②油漆后的這輛自行車和新的一樣。Painted, this bike is _______ _____ ______ a new one.

③小李英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得和漢語(yǔ)一樣好。Xiao Li speaks English______ ______ _____ she speaks Chinese.

④他和他的父母對(duì)我都很好。He _______ ______ ______his parents is kind to me.

⑤晚飯后我們一直到走山腳下。After supper we walked______ _____ ______the foot of the hill.

⑥就我所知，他將離開兩個(gè)月。______ ______ ______I know, he’ll be away for two months.

⑦只要努力，你一定會(huì)成功。________ ________ _______you work hard, you’ll succeed in time.

⑧這座新建的橋據(jù)說(shuō)和舊的一樣長(zhǎng)。This newly – built bridge is said to be _____ ____ ___the old one.

Key:①②as good as;③④as well as ⑤as far as ⑥As, far,as ⑦As/so,long,as ⑧as,long,as

as if可用as though替換，在此引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，另外它們也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，從句既可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：

①It looks as if /though it’s going to rain.（陳述語(yǔ)氣）

②You look as if you’d seen a ghost.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）

as is the case with = as with ……就和……的情況一樣

As is the case with his mother, he is fond of music. 跟母親一樣，他喜歡音樂(lè)。

As with human, animals also love their babies. 同人一樣，動(dòng)物也愛(ài)它們的幼仔。

as good as

as good as 作為固定詞組意為“幾乎一樣”，“實(shí)際上等于”，作為同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“和……一樣好”。如：

①He is as good at English as me.②My bike is as good as yours.

…as it is

該固定詞組表達(dá)意思是“就以（現(xiàn)在）這個(gè)樣子，”“根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的情況”。

如：He decided to buy the house as it is.

as long as/so long as只要

(1)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句

You may borrow the book as / so long as you keep it clean. 只要你不把書弄臟，你就可以借。

(2)和……一樣長(zhǎng)

This rope is as long as that one.這條繩子和那條一樣長(zhǎng)。

(3)長(zhǎng)達(dá)……（表時(shí)間）

The old couple have been living in the small town as long as 50 years.

這對(duì)老夫婦已在這個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)里住了長(zhǎng)達(dá)50年。

as well/ as well as

as well 表示“也”，是副詞短語(yǔ)，用作狀語(yǔ)，通常放在句末，也可放在主語(yǔ)之后，相當(dāng)于too,但一般無(wú)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)與句子隔開.as well as 通?？醋饕粋€(gè)復(fù)合并列連詞,連接兩個(gè)成分相同的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，表示“既……又……，不但……而且……”當(dāng)它連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：

The children learn to read, write and they play games as well.孩子們學(xué)習(xí)讀書寫字，他們也做游戲。

as;which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句異同

as, which 都能引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句。

(1)在引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；

①which從句修飾的先行詞是名詞（詞組），which可與that換用，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省去。如：

Then grow some tomatoes in one box which has plant food in the soil and some in another box which doesn’t.

But the studios(which)he started are still busy today, producing more and more interesting films.

②as從句的先行詞是the same/such或被the same/such修飾；as可作主、賓、表語(yǔ)，一律不可省略。如：Many of the sports were the same as they are now.（as作表語(yǔ)）

He uses the same map as I (use).他和我用的是同一份地圖。（as作賓語(yǔ)）

Such as beautiful park as is being built was designed by two young engineers.正在建造的如此漂亮的公園是由兩個(gè)年輕的工程師設(shè)計(jì)的。（as作主語(yǔ)）

The printed newspaper was not such as the chief editor had expected. 印好的報(bào)紙并非如主編原來(lái)所期望的那樣。（as作賓語(yǔ)）

(2)在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，as,which都可作主、賓、表語(yǔ)，都不可省去。

①which從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明先行詞的用途、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。如：

At present,the biggest nature park for milu deer in China is in the Nanhaizi Milu Park,which is about 20 kilometres south of Beijing.(位置)

②which從句還可表示說(shuō)話人的看法，也可對(duì)主句作意義上的補(bǔ)充；which=and it/ this/ that/ they;which代表的是先行詞、主句或主句的一部分；which從句只能放在先行詞或主句后。如：

He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and it)is not true.他說(shuō)她會(huì)四門外語(yǔ)，這是不可能的。（說(shuō)話人看法，which代表賓語(yǔ)從句部分）

比較：He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and that)surprised every one of us.他說(shuō)她會(huì)四門外語(yǔ)，這使我們每個(gè)人都很驚訝。（補(bǔ)充主句，which 代表主句）

Leaves are turning yellow, which means autumn is coming. 樹葉正在變黃，這意味著秋天就要來(lái)了。

③as也可代表先行詞、主句或主句一部分。但as有“正如”的意義，其從句可放在主句前或后，如：

The Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge,as we all know, was completed in 1969.我們都知道南京長(zhǎng)江大橋，它建成于一九六九年。（as代表先行詞）

To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.(如)你們?cè)S多人（所做的那樣）對(duì)事實(shí)視而不見是愚蠢的。（as代表主語(yǔ)部分）

As we know, the earth is round. 我們知道，地球是圓的。

27. ask for 要求，請(qǐng)求

ask sb.for sth.向（某人）請(qǐng)求 （要求）……

She asked for some advice on how to learn English well.

at表示速度、價(jià)格、利率

at a high/low price以高價(jià)/;低價(jià)；at 40 miles an hour 以每小時(shí)40英里的速度；at a high/low speed以高速/慢速；at an ordinary speed 以普通速度；at full/top speed以全速/高速；at a speed of 以……速度。

[應(yīng)用]完成句子

①公司決定以較低的價(jià)格將這批電視賣掉。

The company decided to sell the TV sets _ __ _ __ __ _ 。

②火車正以每小時(shí)150英里的速度前進(jìn)。

The train was running ______ _____ ______ _______150 miles an hour .

Key:①at, a, low, price②at,a, speed,of

28.“at+名詞”表示“在進(jìn)行，從事”

at work 在工作；at table在吃飯；at play 在做游戲；at sea 出海；at university/college在上學(xué);at night school在上夜校；at dinner/table在吃飯；at peace處于和平狀態(tài)；at war在交戰(zhàn)，在打仗

[應(yīng)用]完成句子。

①別人在工作，不要吵鬧。Don’t make any noise while others are ______ ________.

②孩子們?cè)谟螒?，而他們的父母正在吃飯?/p>

The children were ______ ________ while their parents were_______ _______.

Key:①at, work②at,play,at,dinner

29.at last, in the end, finally

三者均有“最后、終于”的含義。

finally常用于動(dòng)詞之前，表示人們長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)期待的某事最后實(shí)現(xiàn)了，也可指一系列事物或論點(diǎn)的順序。例如：

Ａfter putting it off three times,we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.經(jīng)過(guò)三次延期之后,我們終于在希臘度了一次假。

at last 有時(shí)可與finally互換，但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后，語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈。例如：

When at last they found him, he was almost dead.當(dāng)人們最終找到他時(shí)，他已經(jīng)奄奄一息了。

in the end指經(jīng)過(guò)許多變化、困難的捉摸不定的情況之后，某事才發(fā)生。例如：

We made five different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer camp again.我們制訂了五種不同的度假方案，但最后我們還是選定了再來(lái)一次夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)。

at (the) least 至少；最少。反義詞組為at (the)most至多；最多。

—Mr Smith looks older than his real age.In fact,he is at (the)most 40 years old.史密斯先生很顯老，實(shí)際上他最多40歲。

—Oh, really?I thought he was 50 years old at (the)least.噢，真的嗎？我以為他至少50歲了。

30.at the beginning of 在……初（開頭），可指時(shí)間與空間。如：

at the beginning of term 在學(xué)期開始

at the beginning of the book 在那本書的開頭

at the beginning 單獨(dú)用時(shí)間at first，也可說(shuō)in the beginning.

比較：at the end of 在……末（盡頭） at the end 在末尾處

in the end 最終，同at last in the middle of 在……中期

from beginning to end 從頭至尾

at the doctor’s

該結(jié)構(gòu)為介詞+名詞所有格，意為“在診所”。所有格-’s后一般接名詞，如her mother’s bike ,但有時(shí)這個(gè)名詞可省略，主要表現(xiàn)在以下兩個(gè)方面：

①指一個(gè)企業(yè)，機(jī)構(gòu)，教堂，學(xué)校，醫(yī)院，家庭，理發(fā)店，店鋪時(shí)。如：

She is at the hairdresser’s.

②為了避免重復(fù)，省略-’s后的名詞。如：

I have read some of Shaw’s plays,but none of Shakespeare’s.

at the last moment在最后關(guān)頭

at the moment 此刻；正在那時(shí) for a moment片刻；一會(huì)兒for the moment 目前，暫時(shí)in a moment立刻，馬上

at the top of在……的頂部，上方

at the top of a mountain在山頂

She is (at)the top of her class in French.

at the top of one’s voice高聲地，尖聲地

at war

該介賓詞組意思是“處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)”。在句中常作表語(yǔ)。如：

The U.S.A.and Iraq are at war again.

31.at, with, through表原因

三個(gè)介詞都可表示原因，at表示聽到或看到的原因；with表示人體外部的原因；through 強(qiáng)調(diào)自身的原因。如：be sad at the news聽了這個(gè)消息而悲傷；be frightened at the sight看了那個(gè)情景而害怕；jump up with joy高興地跳了起來(lái)；turn red with anger氣得臉紅；shake with cold/fear凍得/害怕得發(fā)抖；with pleasure高興地；with pride 驕傲地；with satisfaction滿意地；make the mistake through his carelessness由于粗心而出錯(cuò)；be put into prison through no fault of his own 沒(méi)有任何罪過(guò)被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。

[應(yīng)用]漢譯英

①聽到這個(gè)消息，全國(guó)人民處于悲哀之中。

②孩子們高興地跳了起來(lái)。

③由于大意他犯了這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

Key:①At the news, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

②The children jumped up with joy.

③He made the mistake through his carelessness.

32.at work; out of work; after work

這三個(gè)以work為中心詞的介詞短語(yǔ)，在意思和用法上均不相同。

(1)at work表示“在工作、在上班”，作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。例如：

They are both at work today.今天他們倆都在上班。

His father had an accident at work last week.上周的父親在工作時(shí)出了事故。

(2)out of work表示“失業(yè)”，是介詞短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于lost one’s job或be unemployed。例如：

If you don’t work hard, you’ll be out of work.如果你不好好工作就會(huì)失業(yè)。

You’ll be out of work if you keep coming late.如果你老是遲到，你會(huì)失業(yè)的。

(3)after work表示“下班后”，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：

What do you usually do after work?下班后你經(jīng)常干什么？

I visited Mr Liu after work yesterday.昨天下班后我看望過(guò)劉先生。

33.attempt

(1)n.嘗試；企圖。

①He made an attempt to learn to ski.他嘗試著學(xué)滑雪。

②He failed in attempt at climbing up the mountain.他企圖爬上這座山，卻失敗了。

(2)vt.嘗試；企圖。

①She attempted to learn Japanese.她試圖學(xué)習(xí)日語(yǔ)。

②The prisoner attempted an escape.那犯人企圖逃走。

12.keep out of = keep sth.(sb.)out of不使入內(nèi)；不牽涉進(jìn)去。

①Warm clothing will keep the cold out.保暖的衣服可御寒。

②Keep out of their quarrels.不要參與他們爭(zhēng)吵。

34.attention 短語(yǔ)

pay attention to sth. 注意某事

draw one’s attention(to sth.) 引起某人的注意

be worth one’s attention 值得某人注意

bring one’s attention to sth. 叫某人注意某事

35.average短語(yǔ)歸納

average 可用作名詞，表示“平均數(shù)，一般水平”，也可作形容詞，表示“平均的”。如：

the average of the pay 平均工資；above/below the average 平均以上/以下；

the average age of the girls姑娘的平均年齡；

the average temperature平均氣溫；

on(an,the)average平均起來(lái)

[應(yīng)用]完成句子

①這個(gè)廠的工人平均每月收入700元。____ ______，one worker in this factory gets 700 yuan

every month.

②他的功課一般以上。He is_________ _________ in his lessons.

Key: ①On, average ②above, average

36. awake,wake

①awake用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“叫醒，喚醒；醒來(lái)”；而wake表示相同意義時(shí)，必須與up連用，對(duì)比：

The noise awoke me./The noise woke me up.

嗓音把我鬧醒。

She usually awakes at six in the morning./She usually wakes up at six in the morning.她通常早上6點(diǎn)醒。

注意：awake 不與up連用；wake up 的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)必須置于兩個(gè)詞之間。誤：wake up him正：wake him up

②awake 還可用作形容詞，只用作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)，不能用作前置定語(yǔ)。其反義詞是 asleep.如：

Is he awake or asleep?他睡著了還是醒著？

Anyone awake heard the sound.任何醒著的人都聽到了那個(gè)聲音。

注意：wide/fully awake 完全醒著；sound/fast/deeply asleep熟睡

[應(yīng)用]完成句子

①他醒來(lái)時(shí)，他母親在他的旁邊。When he_______,his mother was beside him.

②我徹夜未眠，一直在考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題。I have lain_______all night thinking of the problem.

③他突然醒了，好象有人叫他的名字。He ______ _______suddenly,as if someone had called his name.

④她睡著的時(shí)候誰(shuí)也叫不醒他。No one can_______ _______ ________when she is asleep.

Key:①awoke ②awake ③woke up ④wake,her,up

37.battle, war, fight, struggle

war指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的總體；battle指war中的戰(zhàn)斗或戰(zhàn)役；fight指具體的人與人之間或動(dòng)物之間的爭(zhēng)斗；struggle指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間、激烈的爭(zhēng)斗，多指肉體、精神上的戰(zhàn)斗。對(duì)比：

We have had two world wars in this century.本世紀(jì)已有兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。

They were wounded in the battle.他們?cè)趹?zhàn)斗中受了傷。

We have started a fight against pollution. 我們已開始了一場(chǎng)消除污染的斗爭(zhēng)。

His life was a hard struggle with sickness.他一生跟疾病作了艱苦的斗爭(zhēng)。

[應(yīng)用]英譯漢

①in time of war ②be at war

③declare war on… ④fight a battle

⑤give/offer battle ⑥have a hand-to-hand fight

Key:①戰(zhàn)時(shí) ②交戰(zhàn)，在打仗

③對(duì)……宣戰(zhàn) ④打一仗 挑戰(zhàn)

⑤肉搏戰(zhàn)

38.伴隨狀語(yǔ)可用現(xiàn)在分詞也可用過(guò)去分詞

He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.

本句有三個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，looking 部分為伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

例題 1）He held up his finger ,_______ a face and nodded his head.A．making B. made

答案：B.此題有and ，需連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，所填詞的形式應(yīng)與前后保持一致。

2) He sat there in silence, _______sad and doing nothing.A. looking B. looked

答案：A.此題and 之后ing形式，其前面也應(yīng)該用ing形式，而不能與前面的sat并列。

3)He sat there in silence ,______ nothing.A.doing B.did

答案：A.此題才是在逗號(hào)之后，需要伴隨狀誤。

4)He set out early, ________ there on time .A.arriving B. and arrived

答案：B.此題兩種選項(xiàng)從形式看都有可能，但根據(jù)意思看，“到達(dá)”并不伴隨“出發(fā)”的動(dòng)作，而是明顯地有先有后。

5)He made a smile, _____ with the result. A. satisfying B. satisfied

答案：B.伴隨狀語(yǔ)可用現(xiàn)在分詞也可用過(guò)去分詞，此處表示“感到滿意”的一種狀態(tài)，而satisfying表示令人滿意的，此時(shí)的satisfied是過(guò)去分詞，而不是過(guò)去式。

39.be about to do sth. 正要、即將做某事。是將來(lái)時(shí)的一種表達(dá)方式，表示最近的將來(lái)。

①I was about to go to bed when he called.我正要去睡覺(jué)，這時(shí)他打來(lái)了電話。

②When I saw Tom, he was about to get on the bus.我看到湯姆，他正要上汽車。

注意：be about to 通常不用于帶有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子，但可用be going to 表示。

①Hurry up! They are about to start.快點(diǎn)！他們就要走了。

②Hurry up! They are going to start at 10 o’clock.快點(diǎn)！10點(diǎn)鐘他們就要走了。

40.be ahead of

該詞組有兩層意思，一是“優(yōu)于”，“超過(guò)”；二是“比……早”，“在……的前面”。如：

He is well ahead of all the other students in English.

be angry with sb.生某人的氣。

be angry at/about sth.因某事而生氣。

①Don’t be angry with me for my being late?不要因?yàn)槲疫t到而生我的氣。

②What are you angry about?你生什么氣？

③He was angry at being kept waiting for so long.讓他等了這么久，他很生氣。

41.be certain…; be sure

be uncertain about意思是“對(duì)……不確定（沒(méi)把握）”

uncertain的詞根是certain,意思是“確信的，有把握的”，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：

(1)be certain(sure) to do sth.“肯定會(huì)做……”（表示某事將要發(fā)生）。如：

He is certain(sure) to come next Sunday.

(2)be certain(sure) of/ about sth.“確信、有把握”（表示某個(gè)人的思想狀態(tài)）。如：

We are certain/ sure of victory.

(3)名詞從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般多用certain.

It is certain that he will come.

42. be different from與……不同

Your idea is different from mine. 你的想法和我的不同。

對(duì)比：make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于……

Her special accent makes her different from others. 她特殊的口音使她與眾不同。

43.be familiar with,be familiar to

be familiar with的主語(yǔ)是有生命的事，意為“某人對(duì)人、事熟悉”；be familiar to 的主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的事物，意為“某人/事為某人所熟悉”，對(duì)比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英語(yǔ)名稱。Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.蘇州和杭州為許多外國(guó)人所熟悉。

I’m not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我對(duì)歐洲歷史不太熟悉。

注意：be familiar with/to 還表示“精通、通曉”

如：French is as familiar to him as English.他對(duì)法語(yǔ)就象對(duì)英語(yǔ)一樣精通。

[應(yīng)用] 一句多譯①這些事實(shí)是每個(gè)學(xué)生都熟悉的。②她精通4種語(yǔ)言。

Key:①These facts are familiar to every schoolboy./Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.

②She is familiar with four languages./Four languages are familiar to her.

44.be filled with = be full of 充滿，裝滿 如：

The bottle is filled with water .瓶子里裝滿了水。

注意：Filled with courage , he went into the cave .此處filled 表示“充滿了的”指處于一種狀態(tài)。

比較：be crowded with 擠滿的，與be filled with 有所不同。如：

The room is crowded with guests.房間里擠滿了客人。

此外，fill作為動(dòng)詞可用其主動(dòng)形式，亦可構(gòu)成另外短語(yǔ)。如：

Fill the bottle with sand .把瓶子裝滿沙子。

Fill in the blanks .填空。

be full of…→be filled with…充滿…

①The classroom was full of students.教室里擠滿了學(xué)生。

②Her eyes were full of tears.她眼淚汪汪的。

45.be likely to 易于……；有可能的. 后跟動(dòng)詞不定式，往往用在一時(shí)的情形。

I shall be likely to catch cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat.如果今晚不穿大衣出去，我會(huì)感冒的。

Is that magazine likely to interest you? 那本雜志對(duì)你有吸引力嗎？

46.be of…結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié)

(1)be of + 表示年齡（age）、大小（size）、顏色（color）、重量（weight）、高度（height）、價(jià)格（price）、意見（opinion）、形狀（shape）、種類（kind）和方法（way）等名詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，of表示“具有”之意，有時(shí)可省去。例如：

They are both of middle height.他倆都是中等個(gè)兒。

When I was of your age, I was a teacher.當(dāng)我是你這個(gè)年齡時(shí)，我當(dāng)老師了。

These flowers are of different colors.這些花朵顏色不同。

Tom is of a different way of thinking.湯姆的思維方式與別人不同。

注意：此結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果of后面的名詞前有不定冠詞a/an，則a/an=the same.例如：

The two boys are of an/the same age.這兩個(gè)男孩同齡。

These bottles are of a/the same size.這些瓶子大小一樣。

(2)be of + 物質(zhì)名詞，表示主語(yǔ)是由某材料制成或某成分構(gòu)成，相當(dāng)于be made of, be built of或be made up of等。例如：

The necklace is(made)of glass.這項(xiàng)鏈?zhǔn)遣Ａе频摹?/p>

The bridge is (built)of stone.這橋是由石頭構(gòu)筑的。

Our class is (made up)of over 50 students. 我班有50多個(gè)學(xué)生。

(3)be of + 抽象名詞（如value, importance,use, help等），of表示“具有、具備”等意思，of不能省，這一結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于be+該抽象名詞相應(yīng)的形容詞。例如：

They are of great help/ very helpful to learners of English.他們對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)是很有幫助的。

In fact, sports and games can be of great value/very valuable.事實(shí)上體育運(yùn)動(dòng)是很有價(jià)值的。

The book is of no use/useless to us.這書對(duì)我們無(wú)用。

It is of great importance/very important to study English.學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很重要。

因此，根據(jù)上述(1),(2)點(diǎn)可以看出，課文句中第一個(gè)be of 結(jié)構(gòu)表示“具有”，第二個(gè)be of(承前省去be)表示“由……制成的”。全句漢語(yǔ)意思為：“硬幣的大小、重量、形狀可能各不相同，并由不同的金屬制成?！?/p>

47.be on

on 表明所處的狀態(tài)，意為“為…工作，在……服務(wù)”可用be a member of, work for, belong to 替換。

I’m on the school team.我屬于校隊(duì)。

She is on Times newspaper.她在時(shí)代報(bào)社工作。

[應(yīng)用]完成句子，上下句同意

①Which team do you belong to ?Which team______you_____?

②She is a member of the city team.She______ ______ the city team.

Key: ①are,on ②is, on

48.be out; put out

be out 指“（燈、火）熄滅”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。 put out 意為“熄滅、撲滅” ，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。如：

Is the fire out ?

Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.

be remembered as…作為……而被人們懷念

He will always be remembered as a national hero.

49.be seated

意為“坐下”（=sit down）,是正式用語(yǔ)，而sit down是非正式用語(yǔ)。

如：Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.

50.be up to

to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。這一短語(yǔ)有以下幾個(gè)常用意思：

（1）從事于、忙于，有時(shí)含有“密謀干壞事”之意。如：

What is he up to now?他現(xiàn)在在干什么？

He is up to no good.他沒(méi)干好事。

（2）由……負(fù)責(zé)，常用It作主語(yǔ)。如：

It’s up to you to decide whether to go or not.是去還是不去由你決定。

It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.我們理應(yīng)盡力幫助他們。

（3）勝任、適于。如：

He is not up to his work.他不勝任他的工作。

（4）直到、以至。如：

up to now 直到現(xiàn)在

Between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m.，the hurricane crossed the southeast corner of England with winds of up to 160km/h.從午夜時(shí)分到清晨6點(diǎn)之間，颶風(fēng)橫掃英格蘭的東南角，風(fēng)速高達(dá)每小時(shí)160公里。

51.because;because of

二者均表示“因?yàn)椤?，區(qū)別是：

because是從屬連詞引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；而because of是一個(gè)合成介詞，其后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或what從句組成介詞短語(yǔ)。如:

I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不是因?yàn)橄掠?，而是因?yàn)槲依哿恕?/p>

Her face turned red because of what he said.他的話使她臉紅了。

52.become experienced at對(duì)……有經(jīng)驗(yàn)

experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，老練的

be experienced in

He’s very experienced in money matters.

experience n.經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)（in(of)/doing）

My father has ten year’s experience in teaching.

53.beeline n.兩地之間的直線；捷徑（指蜜蜂采蜜后徑直飛向蜂房，這條路叫beeline）

（1）make a beeline for sb./sp.走近路；走直路；向……直行

As soon as the meeting was over, he made a beeline for the pub.會(huì)議一結(jié)束，他就直接上了酒吧。

If you want to catch up with them, you’d better make a beeline for them.

如果你想趕上他們，你最好抄近路去。

（2）in a beeline 成直線地，筆直地

The pupils went to the museum in a beeline. 孩子們直接走向博物館。

54.believe in（=trust/trust in）信賴；信任；信仰

Tom is honest. I believe in him. 湯姆很誠(chéng)實(shí)，我信賴他。

He doesn’t believe in anybody in the world. 在這個(gè)世界上，他不相信任何人。

We believe in socialism. 我們信仰社會(huì)主義。

①We believe in Marxism.

②You can believe in him.

③We believe in our government.

對(duì)比：believe sb.相信某人的話是真的。

I believe what he said this time though he often tells lies.盡管他經(jīng)常撒謊，可這次我相信他的話是真的。

55.belong to屬于

無(wú)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。下列單詞和詞組也無(wú)被動(dòng)形式：appear, disappear, happen, take place, break out等。

The house belongs to him.這所房子歸他所有。The book belongs to my deskmate.這本書是我同位的。

56.besides

作為副詞，意思是“還有，而且”（moreover），常放在句首。如：

I don ‘t want to go out for a walk. Besides, I’m feeling tired.

beyond,prep.

（場(chǎng)所）在（向）……的一邊，越過(guò)……，（程度）超出；（時(shí)間），超過(guò)（Δ常用于否定句）；除……之外，……以外。

①Go about 200 metres beyond the house and you will find the hotel on the left.

②I want to buy a bag beyond these clothes.

57.blow

①用作動(dòng)詞，表示“吹風(fēng)，刮風(fēng)”。如：

blow hard(strongly)風(fēng)刮得很大；blow away the leaves吹走樹葉；blow down(over)trees 把樹刮倒；blow in much dust吹進(jìn)灰塵；blow off one’s hat吹掉帽子；blow out the candle吹滅蠟燭；blow open(風(fēng)吹)開；blow up爆炸

②用作名詞，表示“打擊，一擊”。如：be a great blow to sb.對(duì)某人是個(gè)巨大的打擊；give sb.a heavy blow on the head重重地打某人的頭。

【應(yīng)用】完成句子

①他妻子之死對(duì)他是一大打擊。His wife’s death was _______ _________ ________ ______him.

②我那頂帽子被風(fēng)吹掉了。I _______my hat __________ ___________.

③風(fēng)刮得厲害，門吹開了。The wind was ________ __________ and the door ________.

④戰(zhàn)士們把敵人的大橋炸毀了。The soldiers __________ __________the enemy’s bridge.

Key:①a ,great, blow, to ②had, blown, off③blowing, hard, blew, open ④blew, up

58.block

①用作名詞，意為“塊；街區(qū)；阻塞?！比纾?/p>

a block of ice/stone/wood 一大塊冰/石頭/木頭；two blocks兩個(gè)街區(qū)；a block in traffic/a traffic block交通堵塞。

②用作動(dòng)詞，表示“阻塞，阻攔”。如：

be blocked by the heavy snow被大雪堵塞，block the entrance 堵塞入口；Block!(路標(biāo))此路不通！

【應(yīng)用】完成句子

①道路被人群擠得水泄不通。The road_______ _______with crowds of people.

②那家旅館同這里隔著兩條街。The hotel is __________ _________ __________.

③他們用石塊將洞口堵住。They ________ (up)the entrance to the cave with big rocks.

④有人在妨礙我們實(shí)施計(jì)劃。Someone is _________our plan.

Key:①was, blocked ②two, blocks,away③blocked ④blocking

59.倍數(shù)的表示法

1）…times as…as“……是……的幾倍”；

Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲的大小是歐洲的4倍。

2）…times +形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+that:

The new building is four times higher than the old one.新樓比舊樓高4倍。

3）…times+the size/height/length/depth+of…

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月亮大小的49倍。

The ball is twice the width of our classroom.舞廳是我們教室寬度的2倍。

4）…times+what從句：

The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.現(xiàn)在的生產(chǎn)是10年前的3倍。

[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案

①After the new technique was introduced,the factory

produced_____tractors in 1988 as the year before.(MET’90)

A．a(chǎn)s twice many B.as many twiceC.twice as many D.twice many as

②The population of China is_____than that of America.

A.larger five times B.five times larger C.five times as D.as five times

Key:①C ②B

60.begin(…)with…從……開始（…）

①Knowledge begins with practice.知識(shí)來(lái)自實(shí)踐。

②Let’s begin(this unit) with the words and expressions.咱們從單詞和短語(yǔ)開始學(xué)（這個(gè)單元）。

61.besides/except/but

besides用作介詞時(shí),表示“除……以外還有”之意，即所除去的東西要包括在內(nèi)。用作副詞時(shí)，表示“此外，而且”

except表了“除……之外”所除去的東西不包括在內(nèi)。

but只能用在no,all,nobody,anything,anywhere等詞之后。

如：Besides knowing some Greek,she was fluent in Italian.她除了懂些希臘語(yǔ)之外，意大利語(yǔ)也說(shuō)得很流利。

Do you play other games besides tennis?除網(wǎng)球之外，你還進(jìn)行其他的運(yùn)動(dòng)嗎？

It wasn’t a good hotel;besides,it was very expensive.這不是一家好旅館，況且房?jī)r(jià)也很貴。

Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.哈利森什么事情都考慮到了，惟獨(dú)沒(méi)有考慮到天氣。

Under the soil there is nothing except/but sand.土壤下面只有沙子。

62.比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)

more and more countries 越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家；fewer and fewer students越來(lái)越少的學(xué)生；less and less time 越來(lái)越少的時(shí)間；more and more beautiful越來(lái)越漂亮；get thinner and thinner 變得越來(lái)越瘦；fly higher and higher 飛得越來(lái)越高；run more and more slowly跑得越來(lái)越慢，become stronger and stronger 越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大;

[應(yīng)用]漢譯英

①越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)的重要性。

②飛機(jī)飛得越來(lái)越高直到看不見了。

Key:

①M(fèi)ore and more people realize the importance of learning a foreigh language well.

②The plane flew higher and higher until it was out of sight.

63.表示“大約”

about,around,some,or so均可來(lái)表示“大約”。前三個(gè)詞通常放在被修飾成分之前，而or so多置于其后。如：

about one hundred students大約100名學(xué)生；

at around eight o’cloch在大約八點(diǎn)鐘；

some twenty years ago 大約二十年前；

[應(yīng)用]一句多用：這件設(shè)備重10噸左右。

Key:This piece of equipment weighs some 10 tons.

This piece of equipment weighs 10 tons or so.

This piece of equipment weighs about (around)10 tons.

64.表示“決心、決定做”的幾個(gè)用法

1)decide to do 決定做

We decided to put off the trip to the U.S.我們決定推遲美國(guó)之行。

2)make a decision to do ：

He has made a decision to buy a new computer.他已決定買一臺(tái)新電腦。

3)make up one’s mind to do

The doctor made up his mind to go abroad for further education. 那位醫(yī)生決定出國(guó)深造。

4)determine to do

We have determined to get the work done before National Day.我們已決定國(guó)慶節(jié)前完成這項(xiàng)工作。

5)be determined to do

He is determined to give up smoking.他決心戒煙。

6)decide that……(從句中動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形)

We decided that we should widen the road.我們決定拓寬這條路。

[應(yīng)用]一句多譯：這位年輕科學(xué)家決心繼續(xù)自己的研究。

Key:

The young scientist was determined to go on with his

research./He determined to go on with his research./He

decided that he should go on with his research./He made up

his mind to go on with his research./He made a decision to go on with his research./He decided to go on with his research.

65.表示“寧愿、想要某人做某事”

下列句型均可表示“寧愿、想讓某人作某事”：would like sb.to do sth.;would prefer sb.to do sth.;like sb.to do sth;want sb.to do sth.;would rather that sb.did sth.

對(duì)比：would like/love to do sth.喜歡、寧愿做某事；prefer to do sth.寧愿做；would rather do sth.寧愿做；would like/love not to do sth.不想做；would rather not do sth.寧愿不做……；prefer not to do sth.不想做；would rather do sth.than do sth.寧愿做某事而不做某事；p11refer to do sth.rather than do sth.寧愿做某事而不做某事。

[應(yīng)用]①一句多譯

我想讓我兒子學(xué)醫(yī)。②選擇正確的答案

Little Jim should love_______to the theatre this evening. (MET’92)

A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking

Key:

I would like my son to study medicine./I’d love my son to

study medicine,/ I would rather that my son studied medicine./ I like my son to study medicine./I want my son to study medicine./I would rather that my son studied medicine.

②A

66.表示態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣的短語(yǔ)歸納

generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)；strictly speaking嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)；honestly speaking誠(chéng)實(shí)地說(shuō)來(lái)；personally speaking就我個(gè)人而言；exactly speaking準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)來(lái)。to tell you the truth說(shuō)實(shí)話；to be honest老實(shí)說(shuō)；believe it or not信不信由你；judging from his appearance從他的相貌來(lái)說(shuō)

[應(yīng)用]完成句子

①嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)，加拿大英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)并不完全一樣。_____ ____,Canadian English is not just the same as

American English.

②老實(shí)說(shuō)我不贊同你的想法。_______ _______ ________,I can’t agree to your idea.

③一般地說(shuō)，青年人喜歡流行音樂(lè)。___________,young people enjoy pop music.

Key:①Strictly,speaking②To,be,honest③Generally, speaking

67.表示“沒(méi)必要做某事”的4種 句型

①There be no need(for sb.) to do sth.

②It be not necessary(for sb.)to do sth.

③主語(yǔ)+don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t have to do sth.

④主語(yǔ)+needn’t+動(dòng)詞原形

[應(yīng)用]一句多譯：我們沒(méi)有必要再等了。

Key:There is no need for us to wait.

It’s not necessary for us to wait.

We don’t have to wait.

We need not wait.

68.表示“祝愿”的幾種句型

①名詞短語(yǔ)（+to you）:Happy birthday to you! 祝你生日快樂(lè)。

Best wishes for Teachers’Day.祝教師節(jié)愉快。

②All the best.祝萬(wàn)事如意。

All the best with your family.祝全家好。

All the best in your study/business.祝你學(xué)習(xí)/事業(yè)順利。

③主語(yǔ)+wish+sb.+名詞/形容詞

I wish you happy.我祝你幸福。

We wish you greater progres.我們祝你取得更大進(jìn)步。

④I hope+that 從句：

I hope you’ll enjoy being with us.我們希望你和我們?cè)谝黄鸷芨吲d。

⑤部分祈使句也可表祝愿：

Remember me to your family.代我向你全家問(wèn)好。

Send best wishes to him.向他問(wèn)好。