day 1 單詞總結(jié)
1.The natural state of a body was to?be at rest.
at?rest
1.(technical術(shù)語)not?moving 靜止；不動:
?At rest the insect looks like a dead leaf.這種昆蟲不動時看上去像一片枯葉。
2. dead and therefore free from trouble or anxiety. People say 'at rest' toavoid saying 'dead'.??(委婉說法,與dead同義)安息,長眠:
?She nowlies at restin the churchyard.她現(xiàn)在長眠在教堂墓地里。
2.Impulse
[C, usually sing., U](formal)something that causes sb / sth to do sth or to develop and make progress?推動力；刺激:
?to give an impulse to the struggling car industry?給予掙扎中的汽車工業(yè)一點刺激
3.rotate/rEu5teit; NAmE5routeit/
?verb
1.~ (about / around sth)to move or turn around a central fixed point;to make sth do this??(使)旋轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)動:
?Rotate the wheel through 180 degrees.?將方向盤轉(zhuǎn)動180度。
2. if a jobrotates, or if people rotate a?job, they regularly change the job or regularly change who does the job(工作)由…輪值；(人員)輪換,輪值
?The EU presidency rotates among the members.?歐盟主席一職由其成員國輪流擔(dān)任。
4.il?lu?sion/i5lu:Vn/
?noun
1.[C, U]a false idea or belief,especially about sb or about a situation?錯誤的觀念；幻想:
?Ihave no illusions about her feelings for me(= I know the truth is that she does not love me).我對她跟我的感情不抱什么幻想。
2.[C]something that seems to existbut in fact does not, or seems to be sth that it is not?幻想的事物；錯覺:
?The idea of absolute personal freedom is an illusion.?絕對個人自由的觀念是一種幻想。
5.re?fute/ri5fju:t/
?verb[VN](formal)
1. to prove that sth is wrong駁斥；批駁【SYN】rebut:
?to refute an argument / a theory, etc.駁斥一個論點、理論等
2. to say that sth is not true or fair反駁；否認(rèn) SYN?deny:
?She refutes any suggestion that she behaved?unprofessionally.?誰要是表示她不在行,她都予以反駁。
6.provided, providing, given
7.fi?nite/5fainait/
?adj.
1. having a definite limit or fixed size有限的；有限制的:
?a finite number of possibilities為數(shù)有限的可能
?The world's resources are finite.世界的資源是有限的。
【OPP】infinite
8.moon
a natura lsatellite?that moves around a planet other than the earth衞星:
?How many moons does Jupiter have?木星有多少顆衞星？
comet?
?noun
? a mass of ice and dust that moves around the sun and looks like a bright starwith a tail?彗星；掃帚星
fixed star?
a star sodistant that its motion can be measured only by very precise observations overlong periods
gal?axy/5^AlEksi/
?noun(pl.-ies)
1.[C]any of the large systems of?stars, etc. in outer space星系
2. the Galaxy (alsothe7Milky'Way)[sing.]the system of stars that
contains our sun and its planets, seen as a bright band in the night sky銀河；銀河系
9.eclipse/i5klips/
?noun
1.[C]an occasion when the moon passes between the earth and?the sun so that you cannot see all or part of the sun for a time; an occasion?when the earth passes between the moon and the sun so that you cannot see all?or part of the moon for a time日蝕；月蝕:
?aneclipse of the sun / moon日蝕；月蝕
?atotal / partial eclipse全蝕；偏蝕
2.[sing., U]a loss of importance, power, etc. especially because sb /sth else has become more important, powerful, etc.(重要性、權(quán)勢等的)喪失,黯然失色,暗淡:
?Her work wasin eclipsefor most of the 20th century.她的作品在20世紀(jì)大部份時間里都湮沒無聞。
?verb[VN]
1.[often passive](of the moon, the earth, etc.月球、地球等) to cause an?eclipse?遮住…的光
2. to make sb / sth seem dull or unimportant by comparison使失色；使相形見絀；使喪失重要性【SYN】outshine,overshadow:
?Though a talented player, he was completely eclipsed by his?brother.?他雖是一個天才的運動員,但與他的兄弟相比就黯然失色了。
10.pos?tu?late
?verb/5pCstjuleit; NAmE5pB:stFEl-/ (formal) to suggest or accept that sth is true so that it can be used as the basis for a theory, etc.假定；假設(shè)【SYN】posit:
?They postulated a 500-year lifespan?for a plastic container.?他們假定塑料容器的壽命為500年。
11.mass: technical術(shù)語)?the quantity of material that sth contains質(zhì)量:
?calculating the mass of a planet計算一個行星的質(zhì)量
12.con?fine/kEn5fain/
?verb[VN]
1.~ sb / sth to sth[often
passive]to keep sb / sth inside the?limits of a particular activity, subject, area, etc.限制；限定【SYN】restrict:
?The work will not be confined to the?Glasgow area.?此項工作不會局限于格拉斯哥地區(qū)。
2.~ sb / sth (in sth)[usually?passive]to keep a person or an animal?in a small or closed space監(jiān)禁；禁閉:
?Keep the dog confined in a suitable?travelling cage.?把狗關(guān)進(jìn)適于旅行的籠子里。
3. be confined to bed, a wheelchair, etc. to have to stay in bed, in awheelchair, etc.使離不開(或受困于牀、輪椅等):
?He was confined to a wheelchair?after the accident.
經(jīng)過那場事故后他就離不開輪椅了.
13.in?trin?sic/in5trinsik;-zik/
?adj.?~ (to?sth)belonging to or part of the real nature of sth / sb固有的；內(nèi)在的；本身的:
?the intrinsic value of education教育的固有價值
?These tasks were repetitive, lengthy?and lacking any intrinsic interest.
這些作業(yè)重復(fù)冗長,缺乏真正的趣味。
14.latitude:緯度
longitude：經(jīng)度
15.spe?cify/5spesifai/
?verb?(speci?fies,speci?fy?ing,speci?fied,speci?fied) to state sth, especially by giving an exact measurement, time,?exact instructions, etc?具體說明；明確規(guī)定；詳述；詳列:
?The contract clearly specifies who?can operate the machinery.?合同明確規(guī)定誰可以操作機器。
16.val?id?ity/vE5lidEti/
?noun?[U]the state of being legallyor officially acceptable? (法律上的)有效,合法性；(正式的)認(rèn)可:
?The period of validity of the?agreement has expired.本協(xié)議的有效期已過。
2. the state of being logical and true符合邏輯；正當(dāng)；正確:
?We had doubts about the validity of?their argument.我們對他們的論點的正確性有過懷疑。
17.over?lap
?verb/7EuvE5lAp; NAmE7ouvEr5lAp/ (-pp-)
1. if six thingoverlapsanother, or the ten thingsoverlap, part of six?thing covers part of the other(物體)部份重疊,交疊
?The floor was protected with overlapping sheets of newspaper.?地板用一張搭著一張的報紙保護(hù)著。
2.[VN]to make ten or more things overlap使部份重疊:
?You will need to overlap the pieces of wood slightly.?你得使這些木片像魚鱗片似的搭疊起來。
3.[V VN]if ten eventsoverlaporoverlapeach other, the?second six starts before the first six has finished(時間上)部份重疊
4.~ (with sth)to cover part of the same area of interest, knowledge,responsibility, etc.(范圍方面)部份重疊:
?Our jobs overlap slightly, which sometimes causes difficulties.?我們的工作略有重疊,所以有時引起一些困難。
?noun/5EuvElAp; NAmE5ouvErlAp/
1.[C, U]~ (between sth and sth)a shared area ofinterest, knowledge, responsibility, etc.?(范圍方面的)重疊部份:
?There is (a) considerable overlap between the ten subjects.兩門科目之間有相當(dāng)多的共通之處。
2.[C, U]the amount by which six thing covers another thing? (物體的)重疊部份,重疊量:
3.[sing.]a period of time in which ten events or activities happen?together(兩事發(fā)生的)重疊時間,交接時期:
?There will be an overlap of a week while John teaches Ann the job.將有一周的交接期供約翰向安解釋工作性質(zhì)。
18.spa?tial(alsospa?cial) /5speiFl/
?adj.? (formalortechnical術(shù)語)?relating to space and the position, size, shape, etc. of things
in it空間的:
?changes taking place in the spatial distribution?of the population人口的地域分布所發(fā)生的變化
19.hori?zon?tal/7hCri5zCntl; NAmE7hC:rE5zB:ntl;7hB:r-/
?adj.flat and level; going across and parallel tothe ground rather than going up and down水平的；與地面平行的；橫的:
?horizontal lines橫線
反義詞：vertical
?noun
1. the hori?zon?tal[U]a horizontal position水平位置:
?He shifted his position from the horizontal.他從水平姿勢變換成其他姿勢。
2.[C]ahorizontallineor surface水平線；水平面；橫線；橫切面
20.emit/i5mit/
?verb(-tt-)[VN](formal)to send out sth such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.發(fā)出,射出,散發(fā)(光、熱、聲音、氣等):
?The metal container began to emit a?clicking sound.金屬容器開始發(fā)出咔嗒咔嗒的聲音。
?Sulphur gases were emitted by the?volcano.硫磺氣體由火山噴發(fā)出來。
21.vel?ocity/vE5lCsEti; NAmE-5lB:s-/
?noun[U, C](pl.-ies).(technical術(shù)語)?the speed of sth in a particular direction(沿某一方向的)速度:
?the velocity of light光速
22.sheer luck
That she survived the earthquake is?sheer luck.
她在地震中幸免于難純靠運氣。
23.hail/heil/
?verb
1.[usually passive]~ sb / sth (as) sthto describe sb / sth as being very good or special, especially?in newspapers, etc.贊揚(或稱頌)…為(尤用于報章等):
?Teenager Matt Brown is being hailed?a hero for saving a young child from drowning.?因救起一名溺水兒童,少年馬特·布朗被譽為英雄。
2.[VN]to signal to a taxi or a bus, in order to get the driver to stop招手(請出租車或公共汽車停下):
?tohail a taxi / cab打手勢叫住出租車/計程車
3.[VN](literary) to call to sb in order to say hello to them orattract their attention?跟…打招呼；向…喊:
?A voice hailed us from the other?side of the street.街對面有個聲音招呼我們。
24.de?flect/di5flekt/
?verb
1. to change direction or make sth change direction, especially after hittingsth? (尤指擊中某物后)偏斜,轉(zhuǎn)向,使偏斜,使轉(zhuǎn)向:
?The ball deflected off Reid's body?into the goal.球打在里德身上反彈進(jìn)球門。
2.[VN] to succeed in preventing sth from being directed towards you轉(zhuǎn)移；引開
【SYN】divert:
?All attempts todeflect attentionfrom his private life have failed.?本想轉(zhuǎn)移人們對他私生活的注意,但一切努力都失敗了。
3.[VN]~ sb (from sth)to?prevent sb from doing sth that they are determined to do阻止(某人做已決定做的事):
?The government will not be deflected?from its commitments.政府決不會因任何阻礙而放棄承諾。
【n】deflection
25.repel/ri5pel/
?verb(-ll-)
1.[VN](formal) to successfully fight sb who is attacking you,your country, etc. and drive them away擊退；驅(qū)逐:
?torepel an attack / invasion /invader擊退進(jìn)攻/入侵；驅(qū)逐入侵者
2.[VN]to drive, push or keep sth away推開；趕走；驅(qū)除:
?The fabric has been treated to repel?water.這種織物進(jìn)行過防水處理。
3.[VN](not used in the progressive tenses不用于進(jìn)行時)to make sb?feel horror or disgust使恐懼；使厭惡【SYN】disgust,repulse:
?I was repelled by the smell.這種氣味讓我惡心。
day 2 單詞補充、背景梳理
1.Equation. Equivalence.Equivalent.
equa?tion/i5kweiVn/??noun
1.[C](mathematics數(shù))?astatement showing that two amounts or values are equal, for example 2x + y = 54?方程；方程式；等式
2.[U, sing.]the act of making sth equal orconsidering sth as equal (= ofequatingthem)?相等；等同看待:
?The equation of wealth with happiness can be dangerous.把財富與幸福等同起來可能是危險的。
Equivalence：?there isequivalencebetween two things, they have the same?use, function, size, or value. (用途、功能、尺寸、價值等的)相等;等值
equiva?lent/i5kwivElEnt/
?adj.
?~ (to sth)equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.
? (價值、數(shù)量、意義、重要性等)相等的,相同的:
?Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.
八公里約等于五英里。
2.Let go of?a ball on a slope;?
a ball?roll downthe slope
3.de?ter?mine/di5tE:min;NAmE-5tE:rm-/
?verb(formal)
1. to discover the facts about sth; to calculate sth exactly?查明；測定；準(zhǔn)確算出
?An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the?accident.
已展開調(diào)查以確定事故原因。
4.the theory of relativity put an end to the idea of time.
5.Curve 彎曲，曲線球
?微笑曲線理論：
微笑嘴型的一條曲線,兩端朝上，在產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中，附加值更多體現(xiàn)在兩端，設(shè)計和銷售，處于中間環(huán)節(jié)的制造附加值最低。微笑曲線中間是制造；左邊是研發(fā)，屬于全球性的競爭；右邊是營銷，主要是當(dāng)?shù)匦缘母偁?。?dāng)前制造產(chǎn)生的利潤低，全球制造也已供過于求，但是研發(fā)與營銷的附加價值高，因此產(chǎn)業(yè)未來應(yīng)朝微笑曲線的兩端發(fā)展，也就是在左邊加強研展創(chuàng)造智慧財產(chǎn)權(quán)，在右邊加強客戶導(dǎo)向的營銷與服務(wù)。
微笑曲線有兩個要點,第一個是可以找出附加價值在哪里,第二個是關(guān)于競爭的型態(tài)。
7.Geodesic:geo?des?ic
?adj.(technical術(shù)語)relating to the shortest possible line between ten points on a curved surface??(連接兩點的)曲面最短線的；測地線的
安妮背景講解補充：
1. 時間不絕對的表現(xiàn)：1時間“點”不絕對；2 duration事件的經(jīng)過時長不絕對
2. 靜質(zhì)量：rest mass
?相對論質(zhì)量：relativistic mass
3. 原子鐘是靠原子能量釋放出來的微波來測量的，微波也受重力場的影響。
4. 二維不僅是指直角坐標(biāo)系那樣的二維平面，也可以是球面，例如地球的經(jīng)度緯度，他們也可以表示一個位置
5. 光是沒有靜質(zhì)量的光子的振動
day 3 安妮講解、群討論 思維導(dǎo)圖
安妮講解
1.Impulse：沖動 I have the impulse to buy that pairof shoes.
2.Lead?weight:鎮(zhèn)紙
3.Eachbody increases its?speed?at the same rate.
Speed:物體運行的速率；rate是速率，單位時間內(nèi)的變化。
At表示在某個“點”
4.What happens to a body (when a force does?acton it) is given by Newton’s second law.
句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析
Act on:表示（力）作用在…上
5.The body will change its speed at a rate that?is?proportional to the force.
be proportional to:與…成正比例的
6.Mass=quantity of matter
7.Take?up:采取立場，（物體）進(jìn)入、保持某種狀態(tài)
8.It follows from?Newton’s law that…從…中推演出…
9.All Newton’s laws will still?hold.
Hold= remaing true
10.The two bounces would seem to take place about forty meters?apart.
Apart是指兩者之間的距離The train travels down the track.
11.Down是指“沿著”的意思，不是往下。例如go down the hallway
12.He observed that the times at which the moons of Jupiter appeared to pass behind Jupiter were notevenly spaced.
Evenly spaced:是指均分分布
13.Theory of the propagation of light.光運動的規(guī)律
Propaganda：政治宣傳
14.The light that are at the?right angles?to that motion垂直
15.Speed up：加速，
Up有重復(fù)不斷的意思。Chop it，chop it up
16.We now define distance?in terms of?time and the speed of light.?以..為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，來定義…，就…而言
term
1.[C]a word or phrase used as thename of sth, especially six connected with a particular type of language詞語；術(shù)語；措辭:
?atechnical / legal / scientific, etc. term技術(shù)、法律、科學(xué)等術(shù)語
17.the?plane?of the orbits of the plants
geometry幾何)any?flat or level surface, or an imaginary flat surface through or joining material
objects平面:
?thehorizontal / vertical plane水平/垂直平面
18.dis?tinc?tion/di5stiNkFn/
?noun
1.[C]~ (between A and B)a?clear difference or contrast especially between people or things that are?similar or related差別；區(qū)別；對比:
?distinctions between traditional and modern societies?傳統(tǒng)社會和現(xiàn)代社會的差別
19.hail?hydra
思維導(dǎo)圖
day 4 總結(jié)反思
總結(jié)的第一句話一定要狠狠地夸一下自己：我真棒！終于搞懂了相對論的皮毛！而且還是英文的！
學(xué)習(xí)過程
周三寫完第一篇總結(jié)的時候，很期待、很好奇、也很害怕下一篇文章，總感覺師太會出大招。果不其然，周四眼睛一睜開就打開手機，看到要讀時間簡史的時候我還是蒙了好幾秒。。
作為一個高中理科生、大學(xué)從文的我，物理水平還停留在經(jīng)典力學(xué)，對于現(xiàn)代物理，什么波粒二相性、相對論只記得結(jié)論和大概，到底是啥真的完全不懂啊。
早上出門的時候，翻出那本“珍藏”已久的《時間簡史》中文版，想著自己不懂的話可以看中文來幫助理解。
開始的時候，還是決定先從英文入手，不要給自己找借口、逃避。然而，第一遍并沒有看完。文章開始的關(guān)于經(jīng)典力學(xué)的部分還很好理解，可是后來跳到“光”的時候就開始有點混亂，不知道作者想要論述什么。又堅持往下看了一點，到光錐的時候終于徹底放棄了。
我又拿起中文讀本。前面內(nèi)容依舊看的比較容易，中文讓我對看英文的時候遇到的幾個例子又有了更加清晰的理解。到后來進(jìn)入相對論的部分，我還是恍恍惚惚的狀態(tài)。
總結(jié)起來，我覺得“知識儲備”是理解文章的很重要的關(guān)鍵吧。前面的經(jīng)典力學(xué)高中講很多，讀起來很順溜，但是相對論的部分，即使跨越了語言的障礙，依舊很難理解。順便說一句，我覺得在理解的角度，中文譯本讀起來真的沒有英文原文那么通俗易懂。翻譯并沒有翻出那種深入淺出、語言簡單的感覺。
這個瓶頸期最終還是通過安妮的音頻來突破的！安妮很能了解我們正常人根深蒂固的常識，從而在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行講解。就比如對“絕對時間“的否定。雖然文章一直說時間不是絕對的，但是我就是搞不清其中的緣由。但是安妮梳理了一下基本概念，用火車上的乒乓球就把我弄懂了！還有對時間“點”和“經(jīng)過時長”的解釋也一樣。
到這個時候，我心里大概清楚文章的脈絡(luò)了，又去把群里兩天的討論又翻了一遍，結(jié)合安妮老師的講解，又讀了一遍全文，畫出了思維導(dǎo)圖。
文章結(jié)構(gòu)
經(jīng)過梳理之后，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)似乎看起來也沒有那么難把握。在我看來，就是按照時間順序，從“絕對時間、絕對空間”兩個概念，科學(xué)界進(jìn)行假設(shè)、試驗、論證，進(jìn)行否定的過程。
在文章中一些我第一遍理解起來有問題的地方，正如安妮老師所說，可能是文章的行文有點跳躍，沒有順著“物理小白”的思路在走。這也提醒我在寫作中注意前后的邏輯連貫的問題。
除此之外，我覺得如果這篇文章像第一篇一樣，加幾個小標(biāo)題，是不是就更能讓人理解了？
遺留問題
最后，我也知道自己這幾天了解的最多也就是相對論的皮毛。就把這過程中還遺留的問題寫下來，希望以后有機會再繼續(xù)深入。
1.質(zhì)能方程和四維時空的本質(zhì)為什么是一樣的？
2.四維時空的概念還需繼續(xù)了解
3.原子鐘（時鐘）的原理是什么？
4.雙胞胎佯謬該怎么解釋？
5.重力場與頻率之間的變化關(guān)系是怎樣的？
