定義

一個(gè)抽象類公開定義了執(zhí)行它的方法的方式/模板。它的子類可以按需要重寫方法實(shí)現(xiàn)，但調(diào)用將以抽象類中定義的方式進(jìn)行。這種類型的設(shè)計(jì)模式屬于行為型模式。
模板模式是基于繼承的。

角色

抽象模板
具體實(shí)現(xiàn)

實(shí)例

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)抽象模板，它的模板方法用final修飾

public abstract class Game {
    abstract void initialize();
    abstract void startPlay();
    abstract void endPlay();

    public final void play(){
        initialize();
        startPlay();
        endPlay();
    }
}

創(chuàng)建具體實(shí)現(xiàn)類

public class Football extends Game {
    @Override
    void initialize() {
        System.out.println("football game initialized, start playing");
    }

    @Override
    void startPlay() {
        System.out.println("football game started, enjoy the game");
    }

    @Override
    void endPlay() {
        System.out.println("football game finished!");
    }
}

public class Basketball extends Game {
    @Override
    void initialize() {
        System.out.println("basketball game initialized, start playing");
    }

    @Override
    void startPlay() {
        System.out.println("basketball game started, enjoy the game");
    }

    @Override
    void endPlay() {
        System.out.println("basketball game finished!");
    }
}

調(diào)用模板方法

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Game game = new Football();
        game.play();
    }
}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果

football game initialized, start playing
football game started, enjoy the game
football game finished!