英國(guó)皇家科學(xué)院圣誕講座2020：行星地球第1季第1集中英臺(tái)詞整理和單詞統(tǒng)計(jì)
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Our home planet is a complex and dynamic machine. | 我們的地球是一個(gè)極其復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)機(jī)器 |
| Its land, ocean and atmosphere provides everything | 它的陸地海洋及大氣層 |
| that we humans need to thrive. | 提供了人類生存繁衍所需要的一切 |
| But now, human activity is throwing | 但現(xiàn)今人類活動(dòng) |
| the planet's finely tuned systems out of balance. | 使地球上這些和諧的系統(tǒng)逐漸失衡 |
| But what are these systems? | 但這些系統(tǒng)是什么 |
| How does the Earth work? | 地球又是如何運(yùn)作 |
| And how can we live sustainably on Planet Earth? | 人類如何才能在地球上可持續(xù)地生活 |
| Welcome to this year's Royal Institution Christmas Lectures. | 歡迎來到今年的英國(guó)皇家科學(xué)院圣誕講座 |
| This year has been a bit different, | 今年是特殊的一年 |
| so we're going to have to do things a bit differently. | 我們也不得不做出一些改變 |
| That's right. For the first time since 1825, | 沒錯(cuò)自一八二五年 |
| when Michael Faraday created these lectures, | 邁克爾·法拉第創(chuàng)立講座以來 |
| 完整版請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊 | |
| we're not going to have a live audience here in the theatre with us, | 首次出現(xiàn)講座現(xiàn)場(chǎng)沒有觀眾的情況 |
| but Faraday would be amazed to know | 但若法拉第知道全英國(guó) |
| that we are joined by children | 以及愛爾蘭的孩子們 |
| watching from their homes and their schools | 在家或?qū)W校正通過屏幕加入我們的講座 |
| all over the UK and Ireland. | 一定會(huì)感到相當(dāng)驚訝 |
| It's a virtual audience that will rotate as we go through the lectures. | 觀眾將通過虛擬平臺(tái)在講座中輪流出現(xiàn) |
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| So, hello and welcome. Give us a wave. | 大家好歡迎你們打個(gè)招呼吧 |
| And that's not the only thing we're doing differently this year. | 今年不同的事不止于此 |
| This year, we have combined our expertise | 我們?nèi)粚⒏髯缘膶I(yè)知識(shí)融合在一起 |
| so that between the three of us, | 因此今年講座涵蓋的內(nèi)容 |
| we can cover a subject as big as the Earth itself. | 將與地球本身一樣包羅萬象 |
| So, you'll next see me in lecture two, | 你們將在第二部分見到我 |
| where we'll be talking about the oceans. | 這部分將對(duì)海洋進(jìn)行討論 |
| And with me in lecture three, we'll be looking at the atmosphere. | 我們將在第三部分了解大氣層 |
| I'm Chris Jackson and I'm a geologist and in my lecture, | 我是克里斯·杰克遜一名地質(zhì)學(xué)家 |
| I'm going to show you | 我將在講座中為大家展示 |
| how the Earth's climate has changed over billions of years | 數(shù)十億年來地球氣候是如何隨著 |
| in response to an amazing array of natural processes. | 一系列驚人的自然進(jìn)程而演變的 |
| And by doing that, we can then maybe better understand | 通過這種方式我們也許能更容易理解 |
| how the climate could change in the future. | 未來氣候?qū)⑷绾巫兓?/td> |
| So let's go back to the beginning. | 讓我們回到一切的開始 |
| 4.5 billion years ago was literally hell on Earth. | 四十五億年前的地球仍是一片混沌 |
| 200 degrees Celsius, that's four to five times hotter | 地表溫度高達(dá)兩百攝氏度 |
| than the hottest place on Earth today. | 是如今地球上最熱之處的四到五倍 |
| So how did we go from that to the place we now call home? | 這樣的地球是如何成為我們宜居的家園的呢 |
| Well, to show you, I need you to | 為了更直觀地展示我將與你們一同 |
| join me on a 100 metre long journey | 在皇家科學(xué)院走一段一百米的旅程 |
| around the Royal Institution, | 而我走的每一步 |
| where every step will be 50 million years. | 都代表著五千萬年 |
| We'd better get a move on. | 我們最好快點(diǎn)啟程 |
| Back then, there would have been | 那時(shí)候大氣層中 |
| no life-giving oxygen in the atmosphere. | 還沒有生存所需的氧氣 |
| Instead, it would have been | 大氣層中充斥著 |
| a poisonous soup of carbon dioxide, methane and ammonia. | 由二氧化碳甲烷和氨組成的有毒混合氣體 |
| This would have been a tough place to live. | 這里是生命的禁區(qū) |
| But then, about 3.8 billion years ago.. | 大概三十八億年前 |
| ..the oceans formed and life appeared. | 隨著海洋的形成生命誕生了 |
| Stromatolites were a trailblazer. | 疊石層是最早出現(xiàn)的開拓者 |
| These tiny microbial critters not only coped | 這些細(xì)小的微生物 |
| with the boiling temperatures and the toxic gases, | 不僅能忍受極端高溫和有毒氣體 |
| but they were able to take carbon dioxide | 還能吸收二氧化碳 |
| and turn it into life-giving oxygen. | 并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為生命所需的氧氣 |
| But for 2.25 billion years, until the end of this corridor, | 但直到走廊盡頭在這二十二億五千萬年里 |
| there was still hardly any oxygen in the atmosphere | 大氣層中的氧氣依舊極度稀缺 |
| ..until the Great Oxygenation Event | 直到發(fā)生了大氧化事件 |
| when some sun-worshipping bacteria | 以太陽光為能源的細(xì)菌 |
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| learned to take CO2 out of the atmosphere, | 開始吸收大氣層中的二氧化碳 |
| producing food with oxygen being the waste product. | 進(jìn)行光合作用并產(chǎn)出氧氣 |
| But the Earth's climate was restless. | 但當(dāng)時(shí)地球氣候并不穩(wěn)定 |
| Sometimes, it was Snowball Earth, | 時(shí)而大雪紛飛如同處在水晶球中 |
| other times literally Club Tropicana. | 時(shí)而如同進(jìn)了《熱帶俱樂部》 |
| And then, at other times, almost nothing | 有時(shí)卻又幾乎什么都沒有 |
| during the so-called Boring Billion. | 人們稱之為"無聊的十億年" |
| But one billion years ago, things got really exciting. | 但在十億年前事情變得有趣起來 |
| Sponges appeared and single-celled organisms gave way | 海綿動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)了單細(xì)胞生物讓位于 |
| to complex multi-cellular life that we now know as animals. | 結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜的多細(xì)胞生物即動(dòng)物 |
| Life finds a way. | 生命得以降臨 |
| And then, 541 million years ago, the Cambrian explosion, | 五億四千一百萬年前寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā) |
| an eruption of life inside and outside the oceans. | 海洋內(nèi)外的生命噴涌而來 |
| Animals, plants, flowers. | 動(dòng)物植物花朵 |
| But then, 252 million years ago | 然而兩億五千兩百萬年前 |
| 75% of all species went extinct. | 百分之七十五的物種滅絕了 |
| Life is never easy. | 生命從來都不容易 |
| And out of the ashes, new and more complex life evolved. | 滅絕的灰燼中進(jìn)化出了更為復(fù)雜的新生命 |
| Dinosaurs came, and went. | 恐龍來了又去了 |
| The flightless ones, anyway. | 至少是不會(huì)飛的那些 |
| Primates appeared. And then, 200,000 years ago, | 靈長(zhǎng)目出現(xiàn)了隨后距今二十萬年前 |
| Homo sapiens emerged. | 智人也出現(xiàn)了 |
| And after our 100 metre long journey | 在我們走完皇家科學(xué)院 |
| around the Royal Institution, | 這一百米旅程之后 |
| all of civilisation can fit on the width of a single human hair. | 所有文明的長(zhǎng)度都只相當(dāng)于一根頭發(fā)的寬度 |
| And we now occupy every corner of the globe | 現(xiàn)如今人類占領(lǐng)了地球每個(gè)角落 |
| and we've become so dominant, | 擁有了絕對(duì)的主導(dǎo)權(quán) |
| we've started to influence the Earth's system | 開始對(duì)地球的系統(tǒng)以及其中的生命 |
| and the life on it. | 產(chǎn)生影響 |
| We've defined a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. | 我們定義了一個(gè)新的地質(zhì)時(shí)代人類世 |
| And in only 200 years, | 僅僅兩百年間 |
| the Earth's population has gone | 地球上的人口 |
| from around one billion to more than seven billion, | 從十億激增至七十多億 |
| and this global presence has had a truly global impact | 遍布全球的人類產(chǎn)生了真正的全球性影響 |
| and we've actually started to | 實(shí)際上人類已經(jīng)開始 |
| change one of the most fundamental things on the Earth, | 改變地球上最根本的東西之一大氣層 |
| the atmosphere, driving changes in our very climate. | 從而引起了氣候的變化 |
| So we've talked already a lot about climate, | 我們已經(jīng)講過許多與氣候相關(guān)的內(nèi)容 |
| but how does that differ to the weather? | 但氣候和天氣之間有什么不同呢 |
| Well, the weather describes things | 天氣描述的是 |
| like temperature and, say, rainfall. | 溫度降雨量 |
| Effectively, weather tells you what to take out of your wardrobe. | 實(shí)際上天氣會(huì)告訴你該穿什么衣服 |
| Now, you've been waiting very patiently, | 你們一直認(rèn)真聽課 |
| so I would like to come and ask you | 現(xiàn)在讓我來問問你們 |
| what do you think the weather is going to be like tomorrow? | 你們認(rèn)為明天的天氣怎么樣 |
| 完整版請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊 | |
| I'm just coming up to this screen here | 我走到這塊屏幕前 |
| and I am going to ask Asmah | 我想問問阿斯瑪 |
| What do you think? | 你覺得呢 |
| Do you think it might be rainy or snowy, or? | 你覺得是會(huì)下雨下雪還是 |
| What do you think it's going to be like tomorrow? | 你覺得明天的天氣會(huì)是怎樣的 |
| I think it's going to rain. | 我覺得會(huì)下雨 |
| You think it's going to rain, brilliant. | 你覺得會(huì)下雨很好 |
| OK, let's go and see, | 好吧讓我們來看一看 |
| because I happen to have a magic wardrobe. | 因?yàn)槲遗銮捎袀€(gè)魔力衣櫥 |
| Let's see if it's going to rain today. | 讓我們看看今天是否會(huì)下雨 |
| Or tomorrow, sorry. | 對(duì)不起是明天 |
| Oh, my word, Aasmah! You got it right, look. | 天啊阿斯瑪你說對(duì)了快看 |
| You are perfectly prepared. | 你準(zhǔn)備得很充分 |
| You know, rain jacket, umbrella. Thank you so much. | 穿著雨衣打著雨傘非常感謝 |
| OK, that's one out of one. | 好吧這是其中一個(gè)人的看法 |
| Let's go back up here. Who have we got? | 讓我們回到這里我們還有誰 |
| Constancia and Alanah, what do you think? | 康斯坦西亞和阿蘭娜你們?cè)趺凑J(rèn)為 |
| It will probably be relatively frosty in the morning | 清晨可能會(huì)非常冷 |
| because it's December. | 因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在是十二月 |
| Thank you, Constancia. | 謝謝你康斯坦西亞 |
| So, frosty because it's December, | 因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在是十二月所以會(huì)很冷 |
| and that makes sense, doesn't it? | 這很有道理對(duì)不對(duì) |
| So, let's see what we've got in our magic wardrobe. | 讓我們看看我們的魔力衣櫥里有什么 |
| Oh, dear, Constancia and Alana! | 天啊康斯坦西亞和阿蘭娜 |
| I don't think this person is ready | 我覺得這個(gè)人并沒準(zhǔn)備好 |
| for the frosty December weather. | 面對(duì)十二月寒冷的天氣 |
| I don't think you'd make it to the end of the day. | 我覺得你連今天都撐不過去 |
| Thank you so much. | 非常感謝 |
| So you can see why we as Brits | 所以你能明白我們英國(guó)人 |
| love weather forecasts, | 為什么喜歡天氣預(yù)報(bào) |
| cos the weather's always changing. | 因?yàn)樘鞖饪偸窃谧?/td> |
| And climate is kind of like weather, | 氣候和天氣有點(diǎn)類似 |
| but think of it as the average of weather. | 但請(qǐng)把它看作是天氣的平均值 |
| It doesn't tell you what to take out of your wardrobe, | 它不會(huì)告訴你該從衣櫥里拿什么衣服 |
| it actually tells you what to have IN your wardrobe. | 它實(shí)際上告訴你的是衣櫥里要放什么衣服 |
| And that's important, cos in the UK, where it's quite mild, | 這很重要因?yàn)樵谟?guó)氣候比較溫和 |
| I can get away like I'm dressing today. | 我像今天這樣穿也可以出門 |
| You know, kind of jeans and T-shirt, nothing to worry about. | 穿著牛仔褲和T恤一點(diǎn)沒問題 |
| But the climate does change, more slowly, but it does change. | 但氣候會(huì)變化慢得多但的確會(huì)變化 |
| And if you want to think about that, it's useful, I think, | 如果你愿意思考一下這件事 |
| to think, well, OK, I'm going on a holiday to a beach next... | 我覺得這樣想很有用我要去海灘度假 |
| ...let's say next year. | 比如說明年 |
| I might want to wear shorts, flip-flops, a sun hat. | 我可能會(huì)穿短褲人字拖戴頂太陽帽 |
| Yeah, get ready for that hot day. | 是的為炎熱的天氣做好準(zhǔn)備 |
| But what about going to the same beach 60 million years ago? | 但如果在六千萬年前去同一個(gè)海灘呢 |
| You know, what would it be like then? | 那時(shí)會(huì)是什么樣 |
| And as a geologist, this is where I get very, very excited | 作為一位地理學(xué)家這令我非常興奮 |
| cos it's a chance to read the rock record | 因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)閱讀巖石記錄 |
| and the fossil record. | 和化石記錄的機(jī)會(huì) |
| What we have here are some cores of rock | 這里是一些巖心樣本 |
| and these are about a metre long, each core in here. | 每個(gè)巖心樣本大約一米長(zhǎng) |
| And these have been obtained | 這些是通過 |
| by drilling down a couple of kilometres | 在蘇格蘭近海海床處 |
| below the seabed offshore Scotland. | 向下鉆探數(shù)千米而獲得的 |
| These rocks span an age range of | 這些巖石的時(shí)代跨度 |
| about 150 to 350 million years. | 大約有1.5至3.5億年 |
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