課前想一想
1. Which river is the longest one in the World?
2. What are the fundamental elements in the composition of Ancient Egypt?
詞匯裝備庫
1.diminish /di'minif/
(v.)減少，減小，降低
2.astronomer/a'stra:nemer/
(n.)天文學(xué)家
3.align/alain/
(v.)使成一條直線；對準；校直
4.jackal/'djaekl/(n.)豹，胡狼
The jackal is a wild animal in Africa and Asia
膠狼是產(chǎn)于亞非的一種野生動物。
5.divinity/di'vinati/(n.)神性；神的地位；神學(xué)
Ancient Egyptians believed in the di-vinity of the Pharaohs.
古埃及人相信法老的神性。
6.ferocious/fa'roufas/(adj.)兇猛的，兇惡的；激烈的
a ferocious dog 兇猛的狗
a feroucious battle 激烈的戰(zhàn)斗
7.quarry/'kwa:ri/(n.)獵取的目標；獵物；追捕對象
8.afterlife/'aefterlarf/
(n.)死后（靈魂）的生活
9. incarnation / inka:r'nein/
(n.)(宗教觀念中人的）化身
10.placate/'pleikeit/(v.)平息，安撫
詞句兵工廠
Now,these early people were
nomads, seasonally mobile pastoral-ists who moved around, following the summer rains.
早期曾是游牧民，季節(jié)性遷移的田園耕種者，他們總是居無定所，跟著夏雨四處奔波。
Note:
1.seasonally/si:zaneli/
(adv.)季節(jié)性地
Transport costs vary seasonally.
運輸成本因季節(jié)而異。
Fruit is cheaper when it's in season.當令水果要便宜一些。
2.mobile/'moubl/(adj.)活動的，移動的；可以自由走動的
3. pastoralist /'paesterelist/
(n.)牧民，放牧人
Many pastoralists have been victims of devastating famines.
許多牧民都是毀滅性饑荒的受害者。
4.move around 走來走去，四處走動
I like moving around the beach bare-foot.我喜歡光著腳在海灘上走來走去。
詞句兵工廠
And over time , the animals , their forms, their shapes, the characteris-tics were distilled down into this sort of divine figure, each one wor-
shipped for a different quality.
經(jīng)歷了這么久，那些動物，他們的形式，外形，他們的品性，都被提取出來融合進了這個神圣的形象中，每一個都因不同的品質(zhì)而倍受敬仰。
Note:
1.form/form/(n.)形狀；外形；外表
2.shape/feip/(n.)形態(tài)，外形
3.characteristic/,kaerakte'ristik/(n.)特色，特點，特征
4.distill/di'stil/(v.)蒸餾；提煉，濃縮distilled water 蒸餾水
The notes I made on my travels were distilled into a book.
我的旅行筆記被濃縮成了一本書。
5.sort of有幾分；在某種程度上
6.divine/di'vain/
(adj.)神的；像神一樣的
divine intervention 神之干預(yù)
divine figure神圣的形象
7.worship/w3:rjip/(v.)敬奉，崇拜，信仰（上帝或神）
On the island, the people wor-shipped different gods.
在這個島上，人們信仰不同的神。
詞句兵工廠
In the case of the ram, they were wor-shipped for their procreative powers. In the case of the cow, for their nurturing,motherly instincts.
就公羊來說，他們因生殖力而受到敬仰。就牛來說，他們因哺育和母性而受到敬仰。
Note:
1.in the case of 關(guān)于，就...來說
2.ram/raem/(n.)公羊
3.procreative/'prokri,etiv/
(adj.)生殖的，有生殖力的
It was argued that the purpose of marriage laws is to regulate procreative conduct.
有人認為婚姻法的目的是規(guī)范生殖行為。
4 . nurture / 'n3:rtfer /
(v.)養(yǎng)育，培育（尤指幼兒或植物）
She wants to stay at home and nur-ture her children.
她想留在家里照看孩子。
5.motherly/'mAorli/(adj.)母親似的，慈母般的
motherly love慈母般的愛
6.instinct/'Instinkt/(n.)本能，直覺
It is instinct that tells the birds when to begin their migration.
本能使得鳥兒知道什么時候開始遷徙。
詞句兵工廠
In many ways, Egypt's unique religion was the glue that held society together ,uniting the population and underpinning almost every aspect of life.
在許多方面埃及人獨特的宗教是他們維持社會，團結(jié)人民的關(guān)鍵，并且基本是生活方方面面的基礎(chǔ)。
Note:
1.unique/ju'ni:k/(adj.)獨特的，獨一無二的；與眾不同的
2.glue/glu:/(n.)膠；膠水
glue stick 膠棒
3.hold(sth)together團結(jié)一致
It's the mother who usually holds the family together.
通常是母親把家庭維系在一起。
4 . unite / ju'nait /
(v.)(使）結(jié)合；(使）聯(lián)合
5. underpin/Ander'pin/(v.)支撐；加強；鞏固；構(gòu)成（基礎(chǔ)）
He presented data to underpin his argument .
他提供了一些數(shù)據(jù)來支持他的論點。
6.aspect/'aespekt/(n.)方面；層面
His illness affects almost every aspect of his life.
他的疾病幾乎影響到他生活的每個方面。
語法輕知識
Idioms about "enough"
關(guān)于“enough”的常見習(xí)語
Marker sentence:
The Egyptians just couldn't get enough of them.
埃及人對造神這件事樂此不疲。
get enough of 指獲得足夠的...,例句中將couldn't get enough of them翻譯成“樂此不?！?。下面是關(guān)于enough的幾個常見便語：
1.enough is enough夠了，適可而止 Stop complaining! Enough is enough!別抱怨了！適可而止！
Enough is enough! Don't challenge me again!夠了，別再挑戰(zhàn)我！
2.that's enough不要那樣，夠了（用于制止不好的行為）
That's enough, Peter. Give those toys back.
夠了，彼得。把那些玩具還回去。
3.not brown enough 不夠聰明
I couldn't figure out that math problem. Probably I am not brown enough.
我解不出那道數(shù)學(xué)題，或許我不夠聰明。
4.fair enough有道理，說得對
-I'm late because I studied late yesterday.
我遲到是因為昨天學(xué)習(xí)到很晚。
-Fair enough.好吧，可以理解。
實戰(zhàn)練兵場
(1997年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題）
This "disposable" workforce is the most important trend in American business today, and it is _47_
changing the relationship between people and their jobs
47.[A] instantly [B] reversely
[C] fundamentally [D] sufficiently解析：
題目的前半句意思是：這種“一次性”或者“即用即拋型”的勞動力是當今美國商界最重要的趨勢；后半句的意思是：它正在...地改變?nèi)藗兒凸ぷ髦g的關(guān)系?？崭裉幮枰钜粋€合適的副詞來修飾動詞change。
四個選項中，A選項instantly,指立即，馬上，B選項reversely,表示相對地，或反對地，C選項fundamentally,指根本性地，D選項sufficiently,表示充分地，足夠地。能夠修飾改變，且符合上下文的只有C選項。這句話的意思是：這種“即用即拋型”勞動力從根本上改變了人們和工作之間的關(guān)系。
【答案】C
文化加油站
The longest river in the world -
the Nile River
世界上最長的河流一尼羅河
The Nile River, regarded as the longest river in the world, is approximately6,853 kilometers long. Flowing north-ward through the eastern Africa and enterally into the Mediterranean Sea,the river passes through the following11 countries: Tanzania, Uganda,3wanda, Burundi, the Democratic Re-oublic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia,Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt.Around a billion people live in the coun-ries through which the Nile and its trib-utaries flow.
尼羅河被認為是世界上最長的河流，長約6,853公里。這條河向北流經(jīng)東非最后注入地中海，流經(jīng)下面的11個國家：坦桑尼亞、烏干達、盧旺達、布隆迪、剛果、肯尼亞、埃塞俄比亞、厄立特里亞、南蘇丹、蘇丹和埃及。約有十億人生活在尼羅河及其支流流過的國家。
The ancient Egyptians planted wheat,cotton, rice, dates, and grains on the banks of the Nile River. The Assyrians ntroduced camels in the 7 BC, these animals provided meat, and can also plow the fields. The Nile River served as
a convenient and efficient waterway, is the foundation of life for both people and animals.
古埃及人在尼羅河畔種植小麥、棉花、水稻、椰棗和谷物。公元前7世紀亞述人引入了駱駝，這些動物提供了肉，也可用來耕地。尼羅河作為一條便捷高效的水路，是人類和動物生活的基礎(chǔ)。
主題打包盒
1.早期曾是游牧民的田園耕作者總是居無定所。雨水對他們來說至關(guān)重要。因此，人類和動物都趨向于住在湖泊的周圍。納布塔普拉亞便是這樣的一個地方。在這里，游牧民將獵者形成固定的社區(qū)。他們會用石陣來預(yù)測雨季來臨的時間，這就是埃及最早的日歷。
2.石頭對于埃及人來說，還有一些其他的用處。一大塊砂巖被雕刻成了牛的形狀，因為牛是他們生活中至關(guān)重要的一部分。這就是偉大的牛神哈索爾的最初意義。但哈索爾只是萬千神明中的一個，埃及人還有很多形象不同的神明，賽科美特女神是一頭兇猛的獅子，埃及人想控制住她摧枯拉朽的力量，因此將她供奉為神明。
3.提到埃及，就不得不說起尼羅河。一年一度的尼羅河豐水期曾是古埃及萬物生靈唯一重大的事件，它滋養(yǎng)萬物的水帶來了營養(yǎng)和礦物。是尼羅河把這片荒蕪的土地變成了一片樂土。
