iOS 淺談:深.淺拷貝與copy.strong

深.淺拷貝

  • copy/mutableCopy NSString
NSString *string = @"漢斯哈哈哈";
// 沒有產(chǎn)生新對象
NSString *copyString = [string copy];
// 產(chǎn)生新對象
NSMutableString *mutableCopyString = [string mutableCopy];

NSLog(@"string = %p copyString = %p mutableCopyString = %p", string, copyString, mutableCopyString);
  • copy/mutableCopy NSMutableString
NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"漢斯哈哈哈"];

// 產(chǎn)生新對象
NSString *copyString = [string copy];
// 產(chǎn)生新對象
NSMutableString *mutableCopyString = [string mutableCopy];

NSLog(@"string = %p copyString = %p mutableCopyString = %p", string, copyString, mutableCopyString);

結(jié)論:

注意:其他對象NSArray、NSMutableArray 、NSDictionary、NSMutableDictionary一樣適用


  • copy NSObject
HSPerson *p = [[HSPerson alloc] init];
p.age = 20;
p.height = 170.0;

HSPerson *copyP = [p copy]; // 這里崩潰

崩潰:


看崩潰信息HSPerson應(yīng)該先實現(xiàn):

- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone;

測試:

#import "HSPerson.h"

@interface HSPerson()<NSCopying>

@end

@implementation HSPerson

- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{

    return @"漢斯哈哈哈";
}

@end
HSPerson *p = [[HSPerson alloc] init];
p.age = 20;
p.height = 170.0;

HSPerson *copyP = [p copy];
NSLog(@"copyP: %@", copyP);

可以看出copyWithZone重新分配新的內(nèi)存空間,則:

- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{
    HSPerson *person = [[HSPerson allocWithZone:zone] init];
    return person;

// 有些人可能下面alloc,重新初始化空間,但這方法已給你分配了zone,自己就無需再次alloc內(nèi)存空間了
//    HSPerson *person = [[HSPerson alloc] init];
}
HSPerson *p = [[HSPerson alloc] init];
p.age = 20;
p.height = 170.0;

HSPerson *copyP = [p copy];
NSLog(@"p = %p copyP = %p", p, copyP);

NSLog(@"age = %d height = %f", copyP.age, copyP.height);

雖然copy了份新的對象,然而age,height值并未copy,那么:

- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{
    HSPerson *person = [[HSPerson allocWithZone:zone] init];
    person.age = self.age;
    person.height = self.height;
    // 這里self其實就要被copy的那個對象,很顯然要自己賦值給新對象,所以這里可以控制copy的屬性
    return person;
}

這時你會想,有NSMutableCopying?沒錯,是有這貨:

- (id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{
    HSPerson *person = [[HSPerson allocWithZone:zone] init];
    person.age = self.age;
    person.height = self.height;

    return person;
}

NSCopying、NSMutableCopying有啥區(qū)別?
其實感覺沒必要有NSMutableCopying,因為壓根就沒可變的HSPerson,但如果該對象有其他行為,可以借用NSMutableCopying實現(xiàn),哈哈哈

property里的copy、strong區(qū)別

說完深淺拷貝,理解property里的copy、strong就輕松多了!

  • copy
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface HSPerson : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;

@end

NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"漢斯哈哈哈"];

HSPerson *person = [[HSPerson alloc] init];
person.name = string;

// 不能改變person.name的值,因為其內(nèi)部copy新的對象
[string appendString:@" hans"];

 NSLog(@"name = %@", person.name);

property copy 實際上就對name干了這個:

- (void)setName:(NSString *)name
{
    _name = [name copy];
}

假設(shè)name為NSMutableString,會發(fā)生什么事?

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSMutableString *name;

這樣會挨罵哦,實際上內(nèi)部還是:

- (void)setName:(NSMutableString *)name
{
    _name = [name copy];
}

copy出來的仍然是不可變字符!如果有人用NSMutableString的方法,就會崩潰:

  • strong
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;
NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"漢斯哈哈哈"];

HSPerson *person = [[HSPerson alloc] init];
person.name = string;

// 可以改變person.name的值,因為其內(nèi)部沒有生成新的對象
[string appendString:@" hans"];

NSLog(@"name = %@", person.name);

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