本文主要參考 uWSGI的文檔

1. nginx

安裝

sudo apt-get install nginx

啟動(dòng)、停止和重啟

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart

或者

sudo service nginx start
sudo service nginx stop
sudo service nginx restart

2. uWSGI安裝

用python的pip安裝最簡(jiǎn)單：

apt-get install python-dev #不安裝這個(gè)，下面的安裝可能會(huì)失敗
pip install uwsgi

3. 基于uWSGI和nginx部署Django

1.原理

the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django

2.基本測(cè)試

測(cè)試uWSGI是否正常

在django項(xiàng)目的根目錄下創(chuàng)建test.py文件，添加源碼如下：

# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return ["Hello World"] # python2
    #return [b"Hello World"] # python3

然后，Run uWSGI:

uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

參數(shù)含義:

• http :8000: 使用http協(xié)議，8000端口
• wsgi-file test.py: 加載指定文件 test.py

打開下面url，瀏覽器上應(yīng)該顯示hello world

http://example.com:8000

如果顯示正確，說明下面3個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是通暢的：

the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Python

測(cè)試Django項(xiàng)目是否正常

首先確保project本身是正常的：

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

如果沒問題，使用uWSGI把project拉起來：

uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi

• module mysite.wsgi: 加載wsgi module

如果project能夠正常被拉起，說明以下環(huán)節(jié)是通的：

the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django

3.配置nginx

安裝nginx完成后，如果能正常打開http://hostname，說明下面環(huán)節(jié)是通暢的：

the web client <-> the web server

增加nginx配置

• 將uwsgi_params文件拷貝到項(xiàng)目文件夾下。uwsgi_params文件在/etc/nginx/目錄下，也可以從這個(gè)頁(yè)面下載
• 在項(xiàng)目文件夾下創(chuàng)建文件mysite_nginx.conf,填入并修改下面內(nèi)容：

# mysite_nginx.conf

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      8000;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

這個(gè)configuration文件告訴nginx從文件系統(tǒng)中拉起media和static文件作為服務(wù)，同時(shí)相應(yīng)django的request

在/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目錄下創(chuàng)建本文件的連接，使nginx能夠使用它：

sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

部署static文件

在django的setting文件中，添加下面一行內(nèi)容：

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

然后運(yùn)行：

python manage.py collectstatic

測(cè)試nginx

首先重啟nginx服務(wù)：

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart

然后檢查media文件是否已經(jīng)正常拉起：
在目錄/path/to/your/project/project/media directory下添加文件meida.png，然后訪問http://example.com:8000/media/media.png ，成功后進(jìn)行下一步測(cè)試。

4.nginx and uWSGI and test.py

執(zhí)行下面代碼測(cè)試能否讓nginx在頁(yè)面上顯示hello, world

uwsgi --socket :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

訪問http://example.com:8000 ,如果顯示hello world，則下面環(huán)節(jié)是否通暢:

the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uWSGI <-> Python

用UNIX socket取代TCP port

對(duì)mysite_nginx.conf做如下修改：

server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
# server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)

重啟nginx，并在此運(yùn)行uWSGI

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py

打開 http://example.com:8000/ ，看看是否成功

如果沒有成功:

檢查 nginx error log(/var/log/nginx/error.log)。如果錯(cuò)誤如下：

connect() to unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock failed (13: Permission
denied)

添加socket權(quán)限再次運(yùn)行：

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=666 # (very permissive)

or

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=664 # (more sensible)

5.Running the Django application with uswgi and nginx

如果上面一切都顯示正常，則下面命令可以拉起django application

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=664

Configuring uWSGI to run with a .ini file

每次都運(yùn)行上面命令拉起django application實(shí)在麻煩，使用.ini文件能簡(jiǎn)化工作，方法如下：

在application目錄下創(chuàng)建文件mysite_uwsgi.ini，填入并修改下面內(nèi)容：

# mysite_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi]

# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)
chdir           = /path/to/your/project
# Django's wsgi file
module          = project.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)
home            = /path/to/virtualenv

# process-related settings
# master
master          = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 10
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket          = /path/to/your/project/mysite.sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
# chmod-socket    = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

現(xiàn)在，只要執(zhí)行以下命令，就能夠拉起django application：

uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini # the --ini option is used to specify a file

Make uWSGI startup when the system boots

編輯文件/etc/rc.local, 添加下面內(nèi)容到這行代碼之前exit 0:

/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --socket /path/to/mysite.sock --module /path/to/mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=666

uWSGI的更多配置

env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings # set an environment variable
pidfile = /tmp/project-master.pid # create a pidfile
harakiri = 20 # respawn processes taking more than 20 seconds
limit-as = 128 # limit the project to 128 MB
max-requests = 5000 # respawn processes after serving 5000 requests
daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi/yourproject.log # background the process & log