傳導(dǎo)
正常的心電活動，開始于竇房結(jié)，并由此發(fā)出沖動，先后興奮心房和心室，使得心臟收縮
單詞
竇房結(jié)? ? ? ? ? ? Sinoatrial node?
房室結(jié)? ? ? ? ? ? Atrioventricular? node?
房室束? ? ? ? ? ? Bundle of his?
左/右束支? ? ? ? Left/ right bundle branch
浦肯野纖維? ? ? Pukinje fibres
認(rèn)識竇房結(jié)
Sinoatrial (SA) node
相當(dāng)于是一個總司令，發(fā)布命令，位于上腔靜脈和右心房的交界處，由交感神經(jīng)和副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)控制。
The main pacemaker that initiates each heartbeat 。It is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium.
The SA node generates electrical impulses at 60 to 100 times per minute and is controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
描述心臟節(jié)律
Normal? ? ? ? 正常
Irregular? ? ? 不規(guī)則的
Bradycardia? brady-? slow? 心動過緩
Tachycardia? tachy-? fast? ? 心動過速
初步認(rèn)識心電圖
P波? ? ? ? ? P wave? 表示心房的除極化
QRS波? ? QRS complex? 表示心室除極化
PR間期? ? PR interval
ST段? ? ? ? ST segment
QT間期? ? QT interval
T波? ? ? ? ? T wave? 心室的復(fù)極化形成
縱軸：? 每一小格代表0.1mv，
橫軸：? 每一大格分為5小格，每小格0.04s
心率：? 60 ÷ R-R間距
正常竇性心律
Normal sinus rhythm
Rhythm originates from the SA node.
Atrial and ventricular rhythms are regular.
Atrial and ventricular rates are 60 to 100 beats/minutec.
PR interval and QRS width are within normal limits.
正常竇性心律
竇性心律一定是由竇房結(jié)發(fā)出來的，一定有P波，心率在60-100次/分
竇性心動過緩：心率＜60次/分
竇性心動過速：心率＞100次/分
節(jié)律
通俗說，正常節(jié)律就是各種同類波距離相等
上圖中：Normal sinus rhythm
Both atrial and ventricular rhythms are essentially regular (a slight variation in rhythm is normal).
Atrial and ventricular rates are both 83 beats/ minute.
There is one P wave before each QRS complex, and all P waves are of a consistent morphology, or shape.
每個QRS波前都有一個P波，所有的P波都具有一致的形態(tài)或形狀。
The PR interval measures 0.18 seconds and is constant;
the QRS complex measures 0.06 seconds and is constant.
竇性心動過緩
Sinus bradycardia
措施： Interventions
找到原因，若是藥物引起就要停掉.
Withhold the medication
硫酸阿托品可以提高心率 ，但避免過度使用.
Administer atropine sulfate
Avoid additional doses of it
如果藥物效果欠佳，根據(jù)發(fā)病原因，安裝臨時起搏器或永久起搏器.
Apply a noninvasive? pacemaker? or permanent pacemaker
