觀察以下句子的共同之處：
政之所興，在順民心；政之所廢，在逆民心。(《管子．牧民篇》)
親賢臣，遠小人，此先漢所以興隆也；親小人，遠賢臣，此后漢所以傾頹也。(諸葛亮《出師表》）
有缺點的戰(zhàn)士終究是戰(zhàn)士，完美的蒼蠅終究不過是蒼蠅。
有的人活著，他已經(jīng)死了;有的人死了，他還活著。
"We notice things that don't work. We don't notice things that do. We notice computers, we don't notice pennies. We notice e-book readers, we don't notice books." (道格拉斯·亞當斯, 懷疑的鮭魚: 最后一次搭便車去銀河系.)
When Neil Armstrong walked on the moon it might have been one small step for a man but it was one giant leap for mankind.
"The more acute the experience, the less articulate its expression."(哈羅德·品特, "Writing for the Theatre," 1962)
"The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here." (亞伯拉罕·林肯, 葛底斯堡演說, 1863年)
"We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools."(馬丁·路德·金, 1964年)
"Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual. You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours." (奧巴馬總統(tǒng), 競選獲勝演講, 2012年11月7日)
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way。（狄更斯，雙城記）
不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些句子的共通特點有：內容至少兩部分、語法對稱的結構、表達的意思相對。相比于 Allusion, 對比句/Antithesis 主要在形式上理解，比較容易，此文專注于中文對比句和英文之對應概念Antithesis的比較，以加強對其理解。
對比/Antithesis比較
對比，是把具有明顯差異、矛盾和對立的雙方安排在一起，進行對照比較的表現(xiàn)手法。對比手法是把對立的意思或事物、或把事物的兩個方面放在一起作比較，以突出事物的本質，表達強烈的情感，留下深刻的印象。英文中的對應概念亦是如此：
“An antithesis is used when the writer employs two sentences of contrasting meanings in close proximity to one another. Whether they are words or phrases of the same sentence, an antithesis is used to create a stark contrast using two divergent elements that come together to create one uniform whole. An antithesis plays on the complementary property of opposites to create one vivid picture. The purpose of using an antithesis in literature is to create a balance between opposite qualities and lend a greater insight into the subject.”
1 起源相似性：
對比句和 antithesis 有著相似的起源。Antithesis 是由于當時西方古希臘、羅馬時期人們對演講術十分重視（亞里士多德在公元前四世紀就對修辭術和演講書進行過思考而著《修辭術》一書）， antithesis 作為一中修辭手段因非常有利于邏輯論辯而得以充分利用和發(fā)展的。
中國當時雖然沒有與其完全一樣的演說的傳統(tǒng)，但是在春秋戰(zhàn)國諸侯割據(jù)、兼并頻繁的時期，很多“行人”（外交官）和知識階層“士”四處奔走、游說論辯，也重用對比等修辭方法。
2 結構相似
從例句可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：對比句是用字數(shù)相等、結構形式相同、含義對立的短語或句子。
而，an antithesis is composed of three main components: (1) at least two parts, (2) contrasting ideas, and (3) a parallel grammatical structure.
除了結構整齊勻稱外，中英文讀起來在音律上都比較和諧。
3 效果相似
對比和Antithesis 會使表達言簡意賅、語義鮮明，因又有韻律，很容易吸引人們的注意并記住。
4 除語類不同，還未發(fā)現(xiàn)不同之處。
注意：在寫這片文章的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多研究是用中文概念中的對偶句和 Antithesis 相比對的，但英文中，Antithesis 的要求是兩個意思要對立，而對偶只需要結構上的對稱，而無語意對立的要求, 因此，小編選擇對比句和 Antithesis 相對應。
