18道Shell高級編程企業(yè)實戰(zhàn)題及參考答案

1、監(jiān)控MySQL主從同步

企業(yè)面試題1：監(jiān)控MySQL主從同步是否異常，如果異常，則發(fā)送短信或者郵件給管理員。提示：如果沒主從同步環(huán)境,可以用下面文本放到文件里讀取來模擬：

  • 階段1：開發(fā)一個守護進程腳本每30秒實現(xiàn)檢測一次。
  • 階段2：如果同步出現(xiàn)如下錯誤號（1158,1159,1008,1007,1062），則跳過錯誤。
  • 階段3：請使用數(shù)組技術(shù)實現(xiàn)上述腳本（獲取主從判斷及錯誤號部分）

模擬文本

[root@oldboy~]# mysql -uroot-p'oldboy' -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slavestatus\G;"
*************************** 1.row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State:Waiting formaster to send event
                  Master_Host:10.0.0.179   #當前的mysql master服務(wù)器主機
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.000013
         Read_Master_Log_Pos: 502547
               Relay_Log_File:relay-bin.000013
                Relay_Log_Pos:251
        Relay_Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.000013
             Slave_IO_Running:Yes
           Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
         Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
          Replicate_Do_Table:
      Replicate_Ignore_Table:
     Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
         Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 502547
              Relay_Log_Space:502986
              Until_Condition:None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
          Master_SSL_Allowed: No
          Master_SSL_CA_File:
          Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
           Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
       Seconds_Behind_Master: 0   #和主庫比同步延遲的秒數(shù)，這個參數(shù)很重要
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:

腳本
                             
[root@shell scripts]# vicheck_mysql_slave.sh
#!/bin/sh
#oldboy linux training
#2015-05-17
#說明：本腳本來自老男孩linux21期學員張耀開發(fā)！
# Source function library.
. /etc/init.d/functions
  
# Defined variables
MysqlUser=root
MysqlPass=oldboy123
MysqlPort=3307
Mysqlsock=/data/$MysqlPort/mysql.sock
ErrorNo=(1158 1159 1008 10071062)
errorlog=/tmp/error_skip.log
MysqlCmd="/application/mysql/bin/mysql-u$MysqlUser -p$MysqlPass -S $Mysqlsock"
  
# Judge mysql server is ok?
[ -S $Mysqlsock ] ||{
    echo "Maybe MySQL have sometingwrong"
    exit 1
}
  
# Defined skip error Functions
function error_skip(){
    local flag
    flag=0
    for num in ${ErrorNo[@]}
      do
        if [ "$1" == "$num"];then
           $MysqlCmd -e'stop slave;set globalsql_slave_skip_counter=1;start slave;'
           echo "$(date +%F_%R) $1">>$errorlog
        else
           echo "$(date +%F_%R) $1">>$errorlog
           ((flag++))
        fi
    done
    [ "$flag" =="${#ErrorNo[@]}" ] &&{
        action "MySQL Slave"/bin/false
        uniq $errorlog|mail -s "MySQLSlave is error" 12345678@qq.com
    }
}
  
# Defined check slave Functions
function check_slave(){
    MyResult=`$MysqlCmd -e'show slavestatus\G'|egrep '_Running|Behind_Master|SQL_Errno' |awk '{print $NF}'`
    array=($MyResult)
    if [ "${array[0]}" =="Yes" -a "${array[1]}" == "Yes" -a"${array[2]}" == "0" ]
      then
        action "MySQL Slave"/bin/true
    else
error_skip ${array[3]}
    fi
}
  
# Defined main Functions
function main(){
    while true
       do
         check_slave
         sleep 60
    done
}
main

2、批量創(chuàng)建文件及改名

企業(yè)面試題2：使用for循環(huán)在/oldboy目錄下通過隨機小寫10個字母，批量創(chuàng)建10個html文件，名稱例如為：

[root@oldboy oldboy]# sh/server/scripts/oldboy.sh
[root@oldboy oldboy]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 coaolvajcq_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 gmkhrancxh_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 jdxexendbe_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 qcawgsrtkp_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 qnvuxvicni_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 tmdjormaxr_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 ugaywanjlm_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 vfrphtqjpc_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 vioesjmcbu_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 wzewnojiwe_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 xzzruhdzda_oldboy.html

請用至少兩種方法實現(xiàn)，將以上文件名中的oldboy全部改成oldgirl(用for循環(huán)實現(xiàn)),并且html改成大寫。

2.1批量創(chuàng)建腳本
[root@shell scripts]# vitouch2.sh 
#!/bin/bash
Path=/oldboy
[ -d $Path ] || mkdir $Path
  
for i in `seq 10`
  do
     char=`echo $RANDOM|md5sum|cut -c 2-11|tr[0-9] [a-j]`
     touch $Path/${char}_oldboy.html
done
[root@shell scripts]# shtouch2.sh   
[root@shell scripts]# ll -h/oldboy/
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 aeddbiacdj_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 bccbacghba_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 bdhijefefb_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 bhfghjcgaa_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ddaacedijc_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ebcbbfabaf_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ecafccebbi_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 egcdafafad_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 iehfcgfaef_oldboy.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ifddfaaicd_oldboy.html

2.2批量改名
[root@shell scripts]# vimv2.sh    
#!/bin/bash
Path=/oldboy
[ -d $Path ] && cd $Path
for file in `ls`
 do
     mv $file `echo $file|sed -e"s#oldboy#oldgirl#g" -e "s#html#HTML#g" `
done
[root@shell scripts]# sh mv2.sh
[root@shell scripts]# ll -h/oldboy/
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 aeddbiacdj_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 bccbacghba_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 bdhijefefb_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 bhfghjcgaa_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ddaacedijc_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ebcbbfabaf_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ecafccebbi_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 egcdafafad_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 iehfcgfaef_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ifddfaaicd_oldgirl.HTML
  
  
[root@shell scripts]# vimv3.sh    
#!/bin/bash
Path=/oldboy
[ -d $Path ] && cd $Path
for file in `ls`
 do
     mv $file `echo${file/oldboy.html/oldgirl.HTML}`
done
[root@shell scripts]# sh mv3.sh
[root@shell scripts]# ll -h/oldboy/            
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 abcaeacdbe_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 affabgbccg_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 badbifffbg_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 ccbcifibbe_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 cchbacgegb_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 cdfbjfdiib_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 chjechdgab_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 ghibcfcbee_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 icafaafbdb_oldgirl.HTML
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 igiijhbebj_oldgirl.HTML

3、批量創(chuàng)建用戶隨機密碼

企業(yè)面試題3：批量創(chuàng)建10個系統(tǒng)帳號oldboy01-oldboy10并設(shè)置密碼（密碼為隨機8位字符串）。

[root@shell scripts]# viuseradd.sh
#! /bin/bash
. /etc/init.d/functions
  
Path=/server/scripts
UserDb=$Path/user.db
FailDb=$Path/fail_user.db
  
[ -d "$Path" ] || mkdir-p $Path
[ -f "$UserDb" ] ||touch $UserDb
[ -f "$FailDb" ] ||touch $FailDb
  
for n in $(seq -w 10)
 do
    passwd=`echo $(date+%t%N)$RANDOM|md5sum|cut -c 2-9`
    useradd oldboy$n >&/dev/null&& user_status=$?
    echo "$passwd"|passwd --stdinoldboy$n >&/dev/null && pass_status=$?
    if [ $user_status -eq 0 -a $pass_status -eq0 ];then
       action "adduser oldboy$n"/bin/true
       echo -e "user:\toldboy$npass:$passwd" >>$UserDb
    else
       action "adduser oldboy$n"/bin/false
       echo -e "user:\toldboy$npass:$passwd" >>$FailDb
    fi
done
[root@shell scripts]# shuseradd.sh           
adduser oldboy01                                          [  OK  ]
adduser oldboy02                                          [  OK  ]
adduser oldboy03                                          [  OK  ]
adduser oldboy04                                          [  OK  ]
adduser oldboy05                                          [  OK  ]
adduser oldboy06                                          [  OK  ]
adduser oldboy07                                           [ OK  ]
adduser oldboy08                                          [  OK  ]
adduser oldboy09                                          [  OK  ]
adduser oldboy10                                          [  OK  ]
[root@shell scripts]# cat user.db
user:   oldboy01 pass:f3291720
user:   oldboy02 pass:457a9f30
user:   oldboy03 pass:ff186389
user:   oldboy04 pass:8f884b7c
user:   oldboy05 pass:26f831b4
user:   oldboy06 pass:344e2300
user:   oldboy07 pass:0736b278
user:   oldboy08 pass:67c1fa76
user:   oldboy09 pass:b11e7aa9
user:   oldboy10 pass:9e0c3673

4、判斷網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機存活

企業(yè)面試題4：寫一個腳本，實現(xiàn)判斷10.0.0.0/24網(wǎng)絡(luò)里，當前在線用戶的IP有哪些（方法有很多）

#!/bin/sh
for n in `seq 254`
do
  ping -c1 10.0.0.$n &>/dev/null
  if [ $? -eq 0 ]
  then
      echo "10.0.0.$n is up ">>/tmp/uplist.log
  else
      echo "10.0.0.$n is down ">>/tmp/downlist.log
  fi
done

5、解決DOS攻擊生產(chǎn)案例

企業(yè)實戰(zhàn)題5：請用至少兩種方法實現(xiàn)！寫一個腳本解決DOS攻擊生產(chǎn)案例。

提示：根據(jù)web日志或者或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接數(shù)，監(jiān)控當某個IP并發(fā)連接數(shù)或者短時內(nèi)PV達到100，即調(diào)用防火墻命令封掉對應的IP，監(jiān)控頻率每隔3分鐘。防火墻命令為：iptables-AINPUT -s 10.0.1.10 -j DROP。

[root@shell scripts]# vi dos.sh
#!/bin/bash
  
log=/tmp/tmp.log
  
[ -f $log ] || touch $log
  
function add_iptables(){
    whileread line
        do
          ip=`echo $line|awk '{print $2}'`
          count=`echo $line|awk '{print $1}'`
            if [ $count -gt 100 ] && [`iptables -L -n|grep "$ip"|wc -l` -lt 1 ]
             then
                iptables -I INPUT -s $ip -jDROP
                echo "$line isdropped" >>/tmp/droplist.log
            fi
        done<$log
}
  
  
function main(){
    whiletrue
           do
             #awk '{print $1}' access.log|grep-v "^$"|sort|uniq -c >$log
             netstat -an|grep EST|awk -F '[:]+' '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c >$log
             add_iptables
             sleep 180
    done
}
  
main

6、MySQL啟動腳本

企業(yè)實戰(zhàn)題6：開發(fā)mysql多實例啟動腳本。

已知mysql多實例啟動命令為：

mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf&

停止命令為：

mysqladmin -u root -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sockshutdown

請完成mysql多實例啟動啟動腳本的編寫。

要求：用函數(shù)，case語句、if語句等實現(xiàn)。

[root@shell scripts]# vi mysqld1.sh
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 2345 65 37
# description: manager multiplemysqld server.
  
# Warning: This script uses the/etc/init.d/functions system function.
#          System  kernel version isCentOS6.6,2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64.
#          I'm not sure whether other systemscan be used normally.
# Source function library.
. /etc/init.d/functions
  
  
Port=$2
datadir=/data/$2
Path="/application/mysql"
CmdPath="$Path/bin"
MysqlCmd="$CmdPath/mysqld_safe"
prog=mysqld
Port=$2
datadir=/data/$2
pidfile=${PIDFILE-$datadir/mysqld.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/mysqld$Port}
MysqlConf="$datadir/my.cnf"
RETVAL=0
  
Usage1(){
        echo -e "\033[33m USAGE: $0 {startport|stop port|status port|restart port} \033[0m"
        exit 6
}
  
Usage2(){
        echo -e "\033[33m MySQL DaemonProgram Need Configuration File,like $datadir/my.cnf \033[0m"
        exit 6
}
  
[ -n "$Port" -a  -z "`echo"${Port//[0-9]/}"`" ] || Usage1
  
start(){
        [ -x $MysqlCmd ] || exit 5
        [ -f $MysqlConf ] || Usage2
        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
        daemon --pidfile=${pidfile}"$MysqlCmd --defaults-file=$MysqlConf &>/dev/null &"
        sleep 1
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch${lockfile}
        return $RETVAL
}
  
stop(){
        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
        killproc -p $pidfile
        retval=$?
        echo
        [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f${lockfile}
        return $retval
}
  
restart() {
        stop
        sleep 1
        start
}
  
rh_status() {
        status -p $pidfile
}
  
rh_status_q() {
        rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
  
case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart)
        $1
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    *)
        Usage1
        exit 2
esac

7、分庫備份

企業(yè)實戰(zhàn)題7：如何實現(xiàn)對MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫進行分庫備份，請用腳本實現(xiàn)。

[root@shell scripts]# vifenku_backup.sh 
#!/bin/bash
MysqlUser=root
PassWord=oldboy123
Port=3306
Socket="/data/$Port/mysql.sock"
MysqlCmd="mysql -u$MysqlUser-p$PassWord -S $Socket"
Database=`$MysqlCmd -e "showdatabases;"|egrep -v "Database|_schema|mysql"`
MysqlDump="mysqldump-u$MysqlUser -p$PassWord -S $Socket"
IP=`ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[:]+" 'NR==2 {print $4}'`
BackupDir=/backup/$IP
  
[ -d $BackupDir ] || mkdir -p$BackupDir
  
  
for dbname in $Database
  do
     $MysqlDump --events -B $dbname|gzip>/$BackupDir/${dbname}_$(date +%F)_bak.sql.gz
done
[root@shell 10.0.0.3]# ls
chongtu_2015-04-11_bak.sql.gz  oldboy_2015-04-11_bak.sql.gz  test_2015-04-11_bak.sql.gz
mysql_2015-04-11_bak.sql.gz    qqqqqq_2015-04-11_bak.sql.gz

8、分庫分表備份

企業(yè)實戰(zhàn)題8：如何實現(xiàn)對MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫進行分庫加分表備份，請用腳本實現(xiàn)。

[root@shell scripts]# vifenbiao_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
MysqlUser=root
PassWord=oldboy123
Port=3306
Socket="/data/$Port/mysql.sock"
MysqlCmd="mysql -u$MysqlUser-p$PassWord -S $Socket"
Database=`$MysqlCmd -e "showdatabases;"|egrep -v "Database|_schema|mysql"`
MysqlDump="mysqldump-u$MysqlUser -p$PassWord -S $Socket"
IP=`ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[:]+" 'NR==2 {print $4}'`
BackupDir=/backup/$IP
  
[ -d $BackupDir ] || mkdir -p$BackupDir
  
  
for dbname in $Database
  do
     [ ! -d /$BackupDir/$dbname ] &&mkdir -p /$BackupDir/$dbname
     TABLE=`$MysqlCmd -e "show tables from$dbname;"|sed '1d'`
     for table in $TABLE
        do
          $MysqlDump $dbname $table|gzip>/$BackupDir/$dbname/${dbname}_${table}_$(date +%F).sql.gz
     done
done

9、打印字母數(shù)不大于6的單詞

企業(yè)面試題9： bash for循環(huán)打印下面這句話中字母數(shù)不大于6的單詞(昆侖萬維面試題)。

Iam oldboy teacher welcome to oldboy training class.

請用至少兩種方法實現(xiàn)！

[root@shell scripts]# vi length.sh
#!/bin/bash
  
echo "-------wc -L----"
for word in I am oldboy teacherwelcome to oldboy training class.
  do
     if [ `echo ${word}|wc -L` -le 6 ]
     then
        echo $word
     fi
done
  
echo"-----{#word}-----"
for word in I am oldboy teacherwelcome to oldboy training class.
  do
     if [ ${#word} -le 6 ]
     then
        echo $word
     fi
done
  
  
echo "-----exprlength-----"
for word in I am oldboy teacherwelcome to oldboy training class.
  do
     if [ `expr length "$word"` -le 6]
     then
        echo $word
     fi
done
  
echo"-----{word:0:6}-----"
for word in I am oldboy teacherwelcome to oldboy training class.
do
    if [ "$word" =="${word:0:6}" ]
     then
        echo $word
    fi
done
  
echo "-----awk-----"
echo "I am oldboy teacherwelcome to oldboy training class"|awk '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)if(length($i)<=6)print $i}'
  
echo "-----awk2-----"
echo -n "I am oldboy teacherwelcome to oldboy training class." | awk 'BEGIN {RS=FS} length($0)<=6{print $0}'
  
  
echo "-----數(shù)組-----"
arr=(I am oldboy teacher welcometo oldboy training class.)
for word in ${arr[@]}
do
  if [ ${#word} -le 6 ]
  then
      echo $word
  fi
done
  
echo-----------------------------
for((i=0;i<${#arr[*]};i++))
do
    if [ ${#arr[$i]} -le 6 ]
    then
       echo ${arr[$i]}
    fi
done
[root@shell scripts]# shlength.sh  
-------wc -L----
I
am
oldboy
to
oldboy
class.
-----{#word}-----
I
am
oldboy
to
oldboy
class.
-----expr length-----
I
am
oldboy
to
oldboy
class.
-----{word:0:6}-----
I
am
oldboy
to
oldboy
class.
-----awk-----
I
am
oldboy
to
oldboy
class
-----awk2-----
I
am
oldboy
to
oldboy
class.
-----數(shù)組-----
I
am
oldboy
to
oldboy
class.
-----------------------------
I
am
oldboy
to
oldboy
class.
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