一、作業(yè)內(nèi)容：習(xí)題13-17解包、參數(shù)、文件讀寫
習(xí)題13.
使用import語句用于導(dǎo)入其他模塊代碼，被引用模塊中的代碼和變量對(duì)該程序可見。
from sys import argv
script, first, second, third = argv
print("The script is called:", script)
print("Your first variable is:", first)
print("Your second variable is:", second)
print("Your third variable is:", third)
結(jié)果：
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe E:/pyproject/ex13.py first, second, third
The script is called: E:/pyproject/ex13.py
Your first variable is: first,
Your second variable is: second,
Your third variable is: third
Process finished with exit code 0
值得注意：argv解包，在pycharm中需要通過Edit Configurations中的script parameter中輸入被解包的內(nèi)容。
習(xí)題14.
使用input來通過鍵盤輸入問題，使用>來作為提示符，將用戶提示符設(shè)計(jì)為變量prompt，這樣無需在每次用到input時(shí)重復(fù)輸入提示符。
from sys import argv
script, user_name = argv
prompt = '>'
print("Hi %s, I'm the %s script." % (user_name, script))
print("I'd like to ask you a few questions.")
print("Do you like me %s?" % user_name)
likes = input(prompt)
print("WHere do you live %s" % user_name)
lives = input(prompt)
print("What kind of computer do you have?")
computer = input(prompt)
print("""
Alright, so you said %r about liking me.
You live in %r. Not sure where that is.
And you have a %r computer. Nice.
""" % (likes, lives, computer))
結(jié)果：
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe E:/pyproject/ex14.py user_name
Hi user_name, I'm the E:/pyproject/ex14.py script.
I'd like to ask you a few questions.
Do you like me user_name?
>yes
WHere do you live user_name
>America
What kind of computer do you have?
>Tandy
Alright, so you said 'yes' about liking me.
You live in 'America'. Not sure where that is.
And you have a 'Tandy' computer. Nice.
Process finished with exit code 0
如果將prompt變量改成不同的內(nèi)容，每次將出現(xiàn)新賦予的變量符。"""用于定義多行字符串。
習(xí)題15
讀取文件，這里涉及兩個(gè)文件，一個(gè)是ex15.py，另外一個(gè)是ex15_sample.txt,第二個(gè)文件是供腳本讀取的文本文件。
file_name='test.txt'
with open(file_name,'w',encoding='utf-8') as file:
file.write('text.txt')
file.write('\n')
file.write('test1.txt')
file.write('\n')
在這幾習(xí)題中要弄懂如何讀取文件，采用open(文件名)命令打開你要讀取的文件，并用txt.read()來執(zhí)行讀取。
from sys import argv
script, filename = argv
txt = open(filename)
print("Here's your file %r:" % filename)
print(txt.read())
print("Type the filename again:")
file_again = input(">")
txt_again = open(file_again)
print(txt_again.read)
結(jié)果：
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe E:/pyproject/ex15.py ex17.txt
Here's your file 'ex17.txt':
from sys import argv
from os.path import exists
script, from_file, to_file = argv
print("Copying from %s to %s" % (from_file, to_file))
# we could do these two on one line too, how?
in_file = open(from_file)
indata = in_file.read()
print("The input file is %d bytes long" % len(indata))
print("Ready, hit RETURN to continue, CTR_C to abort.")
input()
out_file = open(to_file, 'w')
out_file.write(indata)
print("Alright, all done.")
out_file.close()
in_file.close()
Type the filename again:
>ex17.txt
<built-in method read of _io.TextIOWrapper object at 0x00000000003BAB40>
Process finished with exit code 0
注意：from sys import argv中的sys 是一個(gè)代碼庫，這句話的意思是從庫里取出argv這個(gè)功能。
習(xí)題16
讀取文件，記住各種文件的相關(guān)命令。
close()關(guān)閉文件
read()讀取文件內(nèi)容。
readline()讀取文件的每一行。
truncate()清空文件
write(stuff)將stuff寫入文件。
from sys import argv
script, filename = argv
print("We're going to erase %r." % filename)
print("If you don't want that, hit CTRL-C (^C).")
print("If you do want that, hit RETURN.")
input("?")
print("Opening the file...")
target = open(filename, 'w')
print("Truncating the file. Goodbye!")
target.truncate()
print("Now I'm going to ask you for three lines.")
line1 = input("line1:")
line2 = input("line2:")
line3 = input("line3:")
print("I'm going to write these to the file.")
target.write(line1)
target.write("\n")
target.write(line2)
target.write("\n")
target.write(line3)
target.write("\n")
print("And finally, we close it.")
target.close()
結(jié)果：
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe E:/pyproject/ex16.py ex17.txt
We're going to erase 'ex17.txt'.
If you don't want that, hit CTRL-C (^C).
If you do want that, hit RETURN.
?
Opening the file...
Truncating the file. Goodbye!
Now I'm going to ask you for three lines.
line1:To all the people out there.
line2:I say I don't like my hair.
line3:I need to shave it off.
I'm going to write these to the file.
And finally, we close it.
Process finished with exit code 0
習(xí)題17
將一個(gè)文件的內(nèi)容拷貝到另外一個(gè)文件中。
from sys import argv
from os.path import exists
script, from_file, to_file = argv
print("Copying from %s to %s" % (from_file, to_file))
# we could do these two on one line too, how?
in_file = open(from_file)
indata = in_file.read()
print("The input file is %d bytes long" % len(indata))
print("Does the output file exist? %r" % exists(to_file))
print("Ready, hit RETURN to continue, CTR_C to abort.")
input()
out_file = open(to_file, 'w')
out_file.write(indata)
print("Alright, all done.")
out_file.close()
in_file.close()
在運(yùn)行上面代碼時(shí)遇到了很大的困難，這一章節(jié)理解起來很吃力，不爽。在argv的解包中需要將列表內(nèi)容逐一呈現(xiàn)出來。用pycharm 涉及到先讀取，讀取之后再改變其中copy的變量，在寫入新變量。
inputFile = open("inputFile.txt", "r")
print("Name of the input file:", inputFile.name;)
outputFile = open(""onputFile.txt", "a"");
print("Name of the output file:", outputFile.name;)
allLines = inputFile.readlines();
for eachLine in allLines:
print("current line content:%s" % (eachline);)
outputFile.write(eachLine);
inputFile.close()
outputFile.close()
