
英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)

A Brief History Of The Hamburger
The hamburger, in some form or another, has appeared throughout history since the early 4th century.
It survived through war, economic crises, and over a dozen centuries of time. Traveling from Europe across the Atlantic, the hamburger rose to fame in the US, emerging as an icon in the culinary world.
While its story is long and tiresome — from Mongol horsemen to American county fairs — here's how America's favorite sandwich became what we know and love today.
漢堡包簡(jiǎn)史
從4世紀(jì)初開(kāi)始,漢堡包以某種形式出現(xiàn)在整個(gè)歷史中。
它經(jīng)歷了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和十幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間。從歐洲穿越大西洋,漢堡包在美國(guó)聲名鵲起,成為烹飪界的偶像。
從蒙古騎兵到美國(guó)的鄉(xiāng)村集市,它的故事是漫長(zhǎng)而乏味的,以下是美國(guó)最受歡迎的三明治是如何成為我們今天所知道和喜愛(ài)的。
Before the hamburger came to America, it was a popular culinary tradition in Europe.
Some historians believe it was the Mongols that spread the tradition in the 13th century. It spread throughout the empire and across Europe, with Moscow adopting a raw version — known today as steak tartare. Russians brought the recipe to the Germans in the 17th century, arriving via the port of Hamburg.
In the 1840s, German immigrants fleeing political revolutions in their country left for the New World. The Hamburg steak is said to have been eaten on the ships before arriving in the US. By 1873, it appeared for the first time on a menu at Delmonico's in New York City.
在漢堡包來(lái)到美國(guó)之前,它是歐洲流行的烹飪傳統(tǒng)。
一些歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為是蒙古人在13世紀(jì)傳播了這一傳統(tǒng)。它蔓延到整個(gè)帝國(guó)和整個(gè)歐洲,莫斯科采用了一種生的版本-今天稱(chēng)為韃靼牛排。俄羅斯人在17世紀(jì)通過(guò)漢堡港將菜譜帶給德國(guó)人。
19世紀(jì)40年代,逃離本國(guó)政治革命的德國(guó)移民前往新世界。據(jù)說(shuō)漢堡牛排在到達(dá)美國(guó)之前已經(jīng)在船上吃過(guò)了。到1873年,它第一次出現(xiàn)在紐約德?tīng)柲峥撇蛷d的菜單上。
美文閱讀筆記
㈠近些年我似乎豁然通透了一些,即便是哲學(xué)家把牛角尖硬往我身上套,我也不敢輕易往里鉆了?,F(xiàn)實(shí)的無(wú)奈教會(huì)人從容,教會(huì)人幽默。這肯定是比青春期的叛逆抵抗更為高級(jí)的人生姿態(tài)。有些事不到四十歲你就不會(huì)體味到它的價(jià)值?,F(xiàn)在,以良善對(duì)陰險(xiǎn),以無(wú)術(shù)對(duì)謀略,以微笑對(duì)憤怒,以無(wú)心對(duì)詭計(jì),以視而不見(jiàn)對(duì)虎視眈眈,似乎成為我以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變的姿態(tài)。
其一,這般姿態(tài)未必就輸,拳頭打過(guò)來(lái)倘若沒(méi)反應(yīng),也就等于落了空;其二,人家為了獲勝,絞盡腦汁,殫盡心機(jī),勞累不堪,所贏與付出的臉皮厚度也算相當(dāng),甚至其不擇卑劣手段,自身人格的污損更是雖贏猶??;其三,人生要輸?shù)闷穑慵幢銊偎阌谝粫r(shí)一事,即便把全部好處獨(dú)攬于己懷,可人們誠(chéng)服與贊賞的口碑在哪里呢?
所以,輸有輸?shù)母蓛?,輸?shù)氖嫘模悔A有贏的齷齪,贏的無(wú)恥。
說(shuō)到底,人生何為輸、何為贏呢!
㈡時(shí)間不老,春天不老,但石磨會(huì)老。歲月的流光中,一茬茬莊稼成熟。
㈢那些看似無(wú)用的東西,其實(shí)是最有用的。那些看似無(wú)用的時(shí)光,其實(shí)是人生中最寶貴的時(shí)光。
靜心自問(wèn),我們旅行的時(shí)光,讀書(shū)的時(shí)光,甚至做自己喜歡的事,也許都是沒(méi)有用的。可是,它們卻像小溪般滋潤(rùn)著我們的心田,讓我們可以用柔軟的心靈去感知這個(gè)世界。
所以有人說(shuō):“我們之于有用的東西之外,必須還有一點(diǎn)無(wú)用的享樂(lè),生活才覺(jué)得有意思。”無(wú)用,有時(shí)候也是一種極有價(jià)值的美呢。
