We are playing the Guess Game. The game is as follows:
I pick a number from 1 to n. You have to guess which number I picked.
Every time you guess wrong, I'll tell you whether the number I picked is higher or lower.
However, when you guess a particular number x, and you guess wrong, you pay $x. You win the game when you guess the number I picked.

Example:

n = 10, I pick 8.

First round:  You guess 5, I tell you that it's higher. You pay $5.
Second round: You guess 7, I tell you that it's higher. You pay $7.
Third round:  You guess 9, I tell you that it's lower. You pay $9.

Game over. 8 is the number I picked.

You end up paying $5 + $7 + $9 = $21.

Given a particular n ≥ 1, find out how much money you need to have to guarantee a win.

DP
dp[i][j]表示從數(shù)字i到j之間猜中任意一個數(shù)字最少需要花費的錢數(shù)

For each number x in range[i~j]
we do: result_when_pick_x = x + max{DP([i~x-1]), DP([x+1, j])}
–> // the max means whenever you choose a number, the feedback is always bad and therefore leads you to a worse branch.
then we get DP([i~j]) = min{xi, … ,xj}
–> // this min makes sure that you are minimizing your cost.

public class Solution {
    public int getMoneyAmount(int n) {
        int[][] table = new int[n+1][n+1];
        return DP(table, 1, n);
    }
    
    int DP(int[][] t, int s, int e){
        if(s >= e) return 0;
        if(t[s][e] != 0) return t[s][e];
        int res = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        for(int x=s; x<=e; x++){
            int tmp = x + Math.max(DP(t, s, x-1), DP(t, x+1, e));
            res = Math.min(res, tmp);
        }
        t[s][e] = res;
        return res;
    }
}