From: the 7 habits Of highly effective people
Author: Steven R covey
Translator: 一切都還不晚
譯文僅供個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)，不用于任何形式商業(yè)目的，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明原作者、文章來(lái)源、翻譯作者，版權(quán)歸原文作者所有。
Perhaps the most important insight to be gained from the perception demonstration is in the area of paradigm shifting, what we might call the "Aha!" experience when someone finally "sees" the composite picture in another way. The more bound a person is by the initial perception, the more powerful the "Aha!" experience is. It's as though a light were suddenly turned on inside.
或許從以上感知演示實(shí)驗(yàn)中獲得的最為重要的頓悟就是關(guān)于思維轉(zhuǎn)換方面的，當(dāng)有人最終能從不同的視角去看這副合成照片，那么我們可以認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)非常棒的實(shí)驗(yàn)。一個(gè)人被最初的觀念束縛的越強(qiáng)，那么這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)起到的作用就更強(qiáng)大，這就好比心中突然亮起了一盞明燈。
The term paradigm shift was introduced by Thomas Kuhn in his highly influential landmark book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Kuhn shows how almost every significant breakthrough in the field of scientific endeavor is first a break with tradition, with old ways of thinking, with old paradigms.
思維轉(zhuǎn)換這一名詞是托馬斯·庫(kù)恩在他的那本影響深遠(yuǎn)，具有里程碑意義的書籍里提到的，書名就是科學(xué)演化結(jié)構(gòu)。庫(kù)恩向我們展示了，幾乎所有的科學(xué)研究取得突破性進(jìn)展，首先都是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)，對(duì)舊的思維模式，就得思維定式的突破。
For Ptolemy, the great Egyptian astronomer, the earth was the center of the universe. But Copernicus created a paradigm shift, and a great deal of resistance and persecution as well, by placing the sun at the center. Suddenly, everything took on a different interpretation.
比如托勒密，埃及偉大的天文學(xué)家，提出了地球是宇宙的中心，但是哥白尼對(duì)此進(jìn)行了思維定式的轉(zhuǎn)移，雖然遭受了大量的反對(duì)與迫害，但是依然提出太陽(yáng)才是宇宙的中心，轉(zhuǎn)念間，所有的事物都發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變。
The Newtonian model of physics was a clockwork paradigm and is still the basis of modern engineering. But it was partial, incomplete. The scientific world was revolutionized by the Einsteinian paradigm, the relativity paradigm, which had much higher predictive and explanatory value.
牛頓物理模型就像是時(shí)鐘的時(shí)鐘工作的思維定式，并且依然是當(dāng)今工程學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)，但是他是部分的，是不完整的。愛因斯坦的范式促進(jìn)了科學(xué)世界的進(jìn)化，相對(duì)論理論具有更高級(jí)的預(yù)見性與解釋意義。
Until the germ theory was developed, a high percentage of women and children died during childbirth, and no one could understand why. In military skirmishes, more men were dying from small wounds and diseases than from the major traumas on the front lines. But as soon as the germ theory was developed, a whole new paradigm, a better, improved way of understanding what was happening, made dramatic, significant medical improvement possible.
在微生物理論形成以前，相當(dāng)大比例的婦女和嬰兒在分娩過程中死亡，當(dāng)時(shí)沒有人能解釋其中的原因。小規(guī)模的沖突中，與在前線遭受重要?jiǎng)?chuàng)傷的人相比，更多的人是死于小傷小病。隨著微生物學(xué)的發(fā)展，一個(gè)全新的思維模式形成了，使得人們能有更好的，更進(jìn)步的方式來(lái)解釋發(fā)生了什么，這也為醫(yī)藥學(xué)取得重大進(jìn)步提供了可能。
The United States today is the fruit of a paradigm shift. The traditional concept of government for centuries had been a monarchy, the divine right of kings. Then a different paradigm was developed—government of the people, by the people, and for the people. And a constitutional democracy was born, unleashing tremendous human energy and ingenuity, and creating a standard of living, of freedom and liberty, of influence and hope unequaled in the history of the world.
當(dāng)今的美國(guó)就是思維轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)出的果實(shí)，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)傳統(tǒng)意義上的政府就是君主制的，國(guó)王具有神圣的權(quán)利。當(dāng)認(rèn)識(shí)到人民政府就是來(lái)自于人民，服務(wù)于人民以后，一個(gè)不同的思維定式產(chǎn)生了，憲法民主制度也由此誕生了，使人民釋放出巨大的能力和才干，創(chuàng)造出了在歷史上絕無(wú)僅有的自由民主、具有巨大影響且充滿希望的生活。
Not all paradigm shifts are in positive directions. As we have observed, the shift from the Character Ethic to the Personality Ethic has drawn us away from the very roots that nourish true success and happiness.
但是，并不是所有的思維定式的轉(zhuǎn)換都會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極的效果，如我們所了解的，性格倫理思維向人格魅力倫理轉(zhuǎn)換過程中，就把我們從滋養(yǎng)切實(shí)的幸福與成功的根源里拉走了。
But whether they shift us in positive or negative directions, whether they are instantaneous or developmental, paradigm shifts move us from one way of seeing the world to another. And those shifts create powerful change. Our paradigms, correct or incorrect, are the sources of our attitudes and behaviors, and ultimately our relationships with others.
但是，不管這種轉(zhuǎn)變給我們帶來(lái)的影響是消極的還是積極的，不慣是稍縱即逝的還是不斷發(fā)展的，思維轉(zhuǎn)換都會(huì)促使我們改變看待問題的方式，并且這種轉(zhuǎn)變是會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大能量的改變，不論我們的思維定式正確與否，它都會(huì)是我們行為態(tài)度的本源，最終影響個(gè)人與他人之間的關(guān)系。
I remember a mini-paradigm shift I experienced one Sunday morning on a subway in New York. People were sitting quietly—some reading newspapers, some lost in thought, some resting with their eyes closed. It was a calm, peaceful scene.Then suddenly, a man and his children entered the subway car. The children were so loud and rambunctious that instantly the whole climate changed.
我依然記得發(fā)生在我身上的一次小小的思維定式的轉(zhuǎn)變。那是一個(gè)周末的早晨，在去紐約的地鐵上，人們都在座位上安靜的坐著，有人在閱讀，有人在小聲交談，也有人在閉目養(yǎng)神，就在這樣的一個(gè)平和的環(huán)境里，突然有個(gè)男人帶著他的孩子們進(jìn)入了地鐵，孩子們很吵而且都很粗魯，很快就改變了整個(gè)車廂里的氣氛。
The man sat down next to me and closed his eyes, apparently oblivious to the situation. The children were yelling back and forth, throwing things, even grabbing people's papers. It was very disturbing. And yet, the man sitting next to me did nothing.
此時(shí)，那個(gè)男人就坐在我旁邊，閉著眼睛，顯然他沒有在意當(dāng)時(shí)的情況，孩子們不斷的來(lái)回跑動(dòng)，扔?xùn)|西，甚至是伸手去拿別人的報(bào)紙。這使人非常惱火，但是他們的爸爸對(duì)此卻無(wú)動(dòng)于衷。
It was difficult not to feel irritated. I could not believe that he could be so insensitive as to let his children run wild like that and do nothing about it, taking no responsibility at all. It was easy to see that everyone else on the subway felt irritated, too. So finally, with what I felt was unusual patience and restraint, I turned to him and said, "Sir, your children are really disturbing a lot of people. I wonder if you couldn't control them a little more?"
在這種情況下要保持冷靜肯定是很難的，我很難想象他為什么能如此的鎮(zhèn)定，任由他的孩子們?nèi)绱税愫鷣y跑動(dòng)而不采取任何措施，真的是一點(diǎn)也不負(fù)責(zé)任，很明顯能夠看出其他人也都為此而表現(xiàn)得很憤怒，最后在忍無(wú)可忍的情況下，我徑直走到那個(gè)男人身旁，對(duì)他說，先生，你的孩子真的影響到周圍的人了，你就不能為此做點(diǎn)什么嗎？
The man lifted his gaze as if to come to a consciousness of the situation for the first time and said softly, "Oh, you're right. I guess I should do something about it. We just came from the hospital where their mother died about an hour ago. I don't know what to think, and I guess they don't know how to handle it either."
那個(gè)男人抬起頭，好像他是剛剛才意識(shí)到車廂里的情況，并說著"是的，你是對(duì)的，我想我應(yīng)該為此做點(diǎn)什么才行，我們剛剛從醫(yī)院里回來(lái)，他們的媽媽在一小時(shí)之前離開了他們，我腦子里太亂了，我想孩子們也不知道要如何處理這件事了。
Can you imagine what I felt at that moment? My paradigm shifted. Suddenly I saw things differently, and because I saw differently, I thought differently, I felt differently, I behaved differently. My irritation vanished. I didn't have to worry about controlling my attitude or my behavior; my heart was filled with the man's pain. Feelings of sympathy and compassion flowed freely. "Your wife just died? Oh, I'm so sorry! Can you tell me about it? What can I do to help?" Everything changed in an instant.
你能想象我當(dāng)時(shí)的感受嗎？忽然間我的思考方式發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，立馬從另外一個(gè)角度看待這個(gè)問題了，正由于我看待問題的方式發(fā)生了改變，所以想法發(fā)生了改變，我的感受和行為也隨之發(fā)生了改變。我的火氣瞬間煙消云散，我也不必去刻意控制我的態(tài)度和行為，心中充滿了那個(gè)人的痛苦，同情與關(guān)心隨之而來(lái)，并問他:"我非常抱歉，不知道你的妻子去世了，你能告訴我發(fā)生了什么嗎？我能幫你做點(diǎn)什么呢？就在那一瞬間所有的事都發(fā)生了改變。
Many people experience a similar fundamental shift in thinking when they face a life-threatening crisis and suddenly see their priorities in a different light, or when they suddenly step into a new role, such as that of husband or wife, parent or grandparent, manager or leader.We could spend weeks, months, even years laboring with the Personality Ethic trying to change our attitudes and behaviors and not even begin to approach the phenomenon of change that occurs spontaneously when we see things differently.
很多人都會(huì)在遇到生命的危機(jī)時(shí)，也會(huì)經(jīng)歷這樣的的根本性的改變，忽然間就能從不同的角度看待自己的當(dāng)務(wù)之急，或者是在忽然間進(jìn)入另外一種角色中的時(shí)候，比如丈夫與妻子，父母與祖父母，管理者與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。如果是在人格倫理下試圖去改變我們的行為和態(tài)度，那么可能就需要花費(fèi)數(shù)周，數(shù)月甚至數(shù)年的時(shí)間，當(dāng)我們用不同的方式看待問題時(shí)，我們甚至無(wú)法接近那些不經(jīng)意間發(fā)生的改變。
It becomes obvious that if we want to make relatively minor changes in our lives, we can perhaps appropriately focus on our attitudes and behaviors. But if we want to make significant, quantum change, we need to work on our basic paradigms.
很顯然，如果我們想讓我們的生活發(fā)生相對(duì)較大的改變，也許我們可以適當(dāng)?shù)陌呀裹c(diǎn)放在我們的行為和態(tài)度上，但是如果我們想取得意義重大的改變，那么我們就需要在基本的思維定式上下功夫了。
In the words of Thoreau, "For every thousand hacking at the leaves of evil, there is one striking at the root."We can only achieve quantum improvements in our lives as we quit hacking at the leaves of attitude and behavior and get to work on the root, the paradigms from which our attitudes and behaviors flow.
梭羅有言:"對(duì)邪惡的枝葉擊打千次，抵不上對(duì)其根部有力一擊。"，要想在生活中取得重大進(jìn)步，那么就必須在行為態(tài)度的本源上下功夫，因?yàn)槲覀兊囊驗(yàn)閼B(tài)度來(lái)源于我們的思維定式。
The End！
