【學習筆記】懂你英語 商務英語 Level 6 Unit 2 Part 5（I）詞匯 Incoterms

Incoterms??abbr. 國際貿易術語（International Commercial Terms）；國際商會國際貿易術語（International Chamber of Commerce Terms）

Incoterms, or International?Commercial Terms, are rules which describe the responsibilities of buyers and sellers when delivering goods.? ?國際貿易術語是描述買方和賣方在交貨時的責任的規(guī)則。

They determine which costs should be paid by whom.

These cost include loading and unloading, insurance, carriage, and customs clearance.??這些費用包括裝卸、保險、運輸和清關。

Here are a few common incoterms used today.? ?以下是一些常用的國際貿易術語。

EXW? = Ex Works??[貿易] 工廠交貨；現(xiàn)場交貨

Under Ex Works terms, the seller makes the goods available at a designated location, normally at the seller's factory or depot.??根據工廠交貨條款，賣方在指定地點提供貨物，通常是在賣方的工廠或倉庫。

Once the goods are placed at the buyer's disposal, the buyer shall be responsible for all costs and risks related to them, such as transport costs, loading costs and insurance.? ?貨物一旦交付買方處置，買方應負責與之相關的所有費用和風險，如運輸費用、裝卸費和保險費。

EXW terms are favorable to the seller as it poses minimum obligation to them. 【跟讀】?EXW條款對賣方有利，因為它對他們規(guī)定了最低限度的義務。

FOB = Free on Board??[水運] 船上交貨價，離岸價格

Under Free on Board terms, the seller bears all costs and risks that are related to getting the goods to the port and onto the ship.??在船上交貨條件下，賣方承擔與把貨物運到港口和裝船有關的一切費用和風險。

Once the goods are loaded, the risk of the loss or damage to the goods will be transferred to the buyer.??貨物裝船后，貨物滅失或損壞的風險將轉移給買方。

In most countries, FOB is only used for transport by waterway.??在大多數國家，離岸價僅用于水路運輸。

【選擇】Rules which determine whether a buyer or seller must incur a particular cost are called...? ? incoterms.

【選擇】Under Ex Works terms, they buyer bears...? all of the transport costs.

【選擇】What cost does the buyer bear?under Free on Board terms?? -marine transport and the unloading of goods.??海上運輸和貨物裝卸。

【填空】It's imperative for traders to understand the obligations that come with the use of a certain incoterm.? ?對貿易商來說，理解使用國際貿易術語所帶來的義務是必要的。

【填空】【朗讀】Ex Works terms put maximum responsibility on the buyer with minimum responsibility on the seller.??在工廠交貨協(xié)議下，買方承擔最大責任，賣方承擔最小責任。

【填空】【跟讀】If traders are using FOB terms, the buyer assumes the risk after cargo is on board.? ?如果貿易商使用離岸協(xié)議，買方承擔裝船后的風險。

CFR =Cost and Freight??[貿易] 成本加運費價（簡稱C.&F.）

Under?Cost and Freight terms, the seller is responsible for transporting the goods to the importer's port.? ?在成本加運費價條款下，賣方負責將貨物運輸到進口商的港口。

This means the seller must pay all the charges of shipment until the goods arrive at the port of destination.??這意味著賣方必須支付貨物到達目的港之前的所有運費。

However, the seller is not responsible for any loss or damage to the goods that occurs in shipping.??但是，賣方對運輸過程中貨物的任何損失或損壞不承擔責任。

The risk will be passed to the buyer when the goods are on board the vessel.? 【跟讀】? 貨物裝船后，風險由買方承擔。

CIF =Cost, Insurance, and Freight??成本、保險和運費

Under Cost, Insurance, and Freight terms, the responsibilities are similar to CFR.??在成本、保險和運費條款下，責任與CFR相似。

The seller is still responsible for transporting the goods to the importer's port.? 【跟讀】?賣方還是負責將貨物運輸到進口商的港口。

However, the seller must obtain insurance for the goods being transported the port.? ?但是，賣方必須為在港運輸的貨物投保。

The seller must also provide documents representing cost, insurance, and freight of CIF.??賣方還必須提供CIF條款成本、保險和運費的單據。?

Once the carrier gives the documents to the buyer, the seller's obligation ends.? ?一旦承運人將單據交給買方，賣方的義務就終止了。

DDP = Delivered Duty Paid??[貿易][稅收] 完稅后交貨

Under Delivered Duty Paid terms, the seller assumes all costs and responsibilities other than unloading.? ?在完稅后交貨條件下，賣方承擔除卸貨以外的所有費用和責任。

These include shipping, duties, insurance, and any other expenses.? 這些費用包括運費、關稅、保險和其他費用。

This makes DDP the most favorable incoterm for the buyer, since the seller bears maximum responsibility.? ? ?這使得DDP成為對買方最有利的國際貿易術語，因為賣方承擔了最大的責任。

【選擇】Under CFR terms, what must the seller pay for?? ?-The carrige of goods to the port of destination.??

【選擇】Under CFR terms, when does the seller's obligation end?? ?-once the necessary documents are given to the buyer.

【選擇】What costs are not assumed by the seller under DDP terms?? ?-unloading

【選擇】The seller makes the product available at a designated location?while the buyer endures all of the transport costs.? ?-EXW

【選擇】The responsibilities are similar to CFR, but the seller must obtain insurance for the goods being transported the port.? ?-CIF

【填空】CFR's pricing mechanism involves the seller having the responsibility to get the goods from their warehouse to the destination port.??CFR的定價機制涉及到賣方有責任將貨物從倉庫運到目的港。

【填空】Unlike CFR, CIF requires the seller to purchase insurance for the goods being transported to the port of destination.

【填空】DDP places maximum responsibility on the seller, making it the most favorable incoterm for the buyer.? ??DDP將最大的責任放在賣方身上，使之成為對買方最有利的國際貿易術語。