要理解這個(gè),首先要理解vue2的數(shù)據(jù)響應(yīng)式原理,因?yàn)閏omputed這個(gè)API的實(shí)現(xiàn)是建立在數(shù)據(jù)響應(yīng)式的基礎(chǔ)之上的。
這里附上vue響應(yīng)式原理的地址:vue2數(shù)據(jù)響應(yīng)式原理
在vue的watcher實(shí)例中配置了lazy,dirty,value屬性,就是用來(lái)配合實(shí)現(xiàn)computed的API。vue在初始化computed時(shí),會(huì)給每一個(gè)computed屬性配置一個(gè)watcher,并配置lazy的值為true。在new Watcher時(shí),還會(huì)設(shè)置dirty為true。由于lazy為true,這個(gè)時(shí)候并不會(huì)執(zhí)行computed配置的get方法,也就是說(shuō)不會(huì)去計(jì)算出這個(gè)計(jì)算屬性的值出來(lái),那么什么時(shí)候才計(jì)算呢?就是在執(zhí)行render函數(shù)時(shí),會(huì)去取計(jì)算屬性的值,這個(gè)時(shí)候,會(huì)執(zhí)行計(jì)算屬性的getter。在getter里面,會(huì)先判斷dirty的值(為true,則表示當(dāng)前計(jì)算屬性的值為臟值,已經(jīng)過(guò)期了,需要重新計(jì)算出來(lái);為false則表示當(dāng)前的值是最新的,不需要重新計(jì)算,直接取緩存里面的值就行了,也就是value字段的值)。如果為true,則調(diào)用watcher.evaluate方法計(jì)算最新的值出來(lái),然后將dirty設(shè)為false,把最新的值賦值給value。在計(jì)算最新的值時(shí),也就是執(zhí)行我們?cè)赾omputed對(duì)象中配置的相應(yīng)的get函數(shù)。根據(jù)之前講的響應(yīng)式原理,會(huì)先將當(dāng)前的watcher掛到dep的靜態(tài)屬性target上,然后執(zhí)行g(shù)et,在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,會(huì)使用到data中的屬性,然后進(jìn)行依賴(lài)收集,將computed的watcher存到data數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)的dep中去。完了之后,將watcher從targetStack中彈出,這是dep的靜態(tài)屬性target的值又變成了render函數(shù)的watcher。以上步驟執(zhí)行完后,會(huì)判斷當(dāng)前dep的target是否還有值,有的話(huà),會(huì)執(zhí)行watcher.depend()。這一步是為了讓依賴(lài)的data對(duì)應(yīng)的dep中不僅是收集到computed的wathcer,還要收集render函數(shù)的watcher,因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們依賴(lài)的data改變時(shí),不僅要通知到computed的watcher,還要通知render函數(shù)的watcher,達(dá)到重渲染的目的。然后會(huì)把最新的value值返回,這時(shí),render函數(shù)里面終于拿到了計(jì)算屬性的最新值了。假如后面繼續(xù)用到了這個(gè)計(jì)算屬性,那么在執(zhí)行計(jì)算屬性的getter時(shí),跟之前一樣,會(huì)先判斷dirty值,這個(gè)時(shí)候,dirty的值為false,則直接返回value值,也就是之前說(shuō)的取緩存的值,不會(huì)再次運(yùn)行一遍計(jì)算屬性的get函數(shù)了。
當(dāng)某個(gè)時(shí)候,計(jì)算屬性依賴(lài)的data數(shù)據(jù)變了,則會(huì)先后觸發(fā)computed的watcher,還有render函數(shù)的watcher。在將vue的數(shù)據(jù)響應(yīng)式原理時(shí),我們知道,數(shù)據(jù)改變時(shí),是會(huì)觸發(fā)watcher的update方法。在這個(gè)方法里面,首先判斷l(xiāng)azy是否為true,這就是針對(duì)計(jì)算屬性設(shè)計(jì)的。我們可以看看源碼片段:

如果為true,則只做了一件非常簡(jiǎn)單的事,就是把dirty設(shè)為了true,然后就沒(méi)了。這個(gè)時(shí)候會(huì)去執(zhí)行render函數(shù)的watcher.update。也就是把render函數(shù)的執(zhí)行交給了nextTick去管理,這也是之前講過(guò)的。在執(zhí)行render函數(shù)時(shí),又使用到了這個(gè)計(jì)算屬性,那么,則會(huì)執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)算屬性的getter,判斷dirty是否為true,由于剛剛在執(zhí)行computed的wathcer.update時(shí),把dirty設(shè)為了true,這個(gè)時(shí)候肯定會(huì)執(zhí)行watcher.evaluate重新去計(jì)算最新的值,也就是執(zhí)行我們配置在computed里面的get函數(shù)。接下來(lái)的其實(shí)跟前面所講的都是一樣的了。
這里附上關(guān)于computed初始化的源碼片段:
const computedWatcherOptions = { lazy: true }
function initComputed (vm: Component, computed: Object) {
// $flow-disable-line
const watchers = vm._computedWatchers = Object.create(null)
// computed properties are just getters during SSR
const isSSR = isServerRendering()
for (const key in computed) {
const userDef = computed[key]
const getter = typeof userDef === 'function' ? userDef : userDef.get
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && getter == null) {
warn(
`Getter is missing for computed property "${key}".`,
vm
)
}
if (!isSSR) {
// create internal watcher for the computed property.
watchers[key] = new Watcher(
vm,
getter || noop,
noop,
computedWatcherOptions // {lazy: true}
)
}
// component-defined computed properties are already defined on the
// component prototype. We only need to define computed properties defined
// at instantiation here.
if (!(key in vm)) {
defineComputed(vm, key, userDef)
} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
if (key in vm.$data) {
warn(`The computed property "${key}" is already defined in data.`, vm)
} else if (vm.$options.props && key in vm.$options.props) {
warn(`The computed property "${key}" is already defined as a prop.`, vm)
} else if (vm.$options.methods && key in vm.$options.methods) {
warn(`The computed property "${key}" is already defined as a method.`, vm)
}
}
}
}
export function defineComputed (
target: any,
key: string,
userDef: Object | Function
) {
const shouldCache = !isServerRendering()
if (typeof userDef === 'function') {
sharedPropertyDefinition.get = shouldCache
? createComputedGetter(key)
: createGetterInvoker(userDef)
sharedPropertyDefinition.set = noop
} else {
sharedPropertyDefinition.get = userDef.get
? shouldCache && userDef.cache !== false
? createComputedGetter(key)
: createGetterInvoker(userDef.get)
: noop
sharedPropertyDefinition.set = userDef.set || noop
}
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
sharedPropertyDefinition.set === noop) {
sharedPropertyDefinition.set = function () {
warn(
`Computed property "${key}" was assigned to but it has no setter.`,
this
)
}
}
Object.defineProperty(target, key, sharedPropertyDefinition)
}
function createComputedGetter (key) {
return function computedGetter () {
const watcher = this._computedWatchers && this._computedWatchers[key]
if (watcher) {
if (watcher.dirty) {
watcher.evaluate()
}
if (Dep.target) {
watcher.depend()
}
return watcher.value
}
}
}
以上就是個(gè)人對(duì)于computed原理的理解了。