2017年7月
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/keywords.html#
9.3關(guān)鍵字和保留字
關(guān)鍵字是在SQL中具有重要意義的詞。某些關(guān)鍵字，如SELECT， DELETE或 BIGINT，被保留，需要用作標(biāo)識(shí)符，例如表和列名特殊待遇。對(duì)于內(nèi)置函數(shù)的名稱也是如此。
非保留關(guān)鍵字作為標(biāo)識(shí)符而不引用。如第9.2節(jié)“架構(gòu)對(duì)象名稱”中所述，如果引用了保留字，則可以將其保留為標(biāo)識(shí)符：
mysql> CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT);
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax ...
near 'interval (begin INT, end INT)'
BEGIN并且END是關(guān)鍵字但不保留，因此它們用作標(biāo)識(shí)符不需要引用。INTERVAL是一個(gè)保留關(guān)鍵字，必須引用為標(biāo)識(shí)符：
mysql> CREATE TABLE `interval` (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
例外：在限定名稱中的句點(diǎn)后面的單詞必須是一個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)符，所以即使被保留，也不需要引用它：
mysql> CREATE TABLE mydb.interval (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
允許內(nèi)置函數(shù)的名稱作為標(biāo)識(shí)符，但可能需要謹(jǐn)慎使用。例如， COUNT作為列名可以接受。但是，默認(rèn)情況下，在函數(shù)名和下一個(gè)( 字符之間的函數(shù)調(diào)用中不允許有空格。該要求使分析器能夠區(qū)分名稱是否在函數(shù)調(diào)用中使用，也可以在非功能上下文中使用。有關(guān)識(shí)別功能名稱的更多詳細(xì)信息，請(qǐng)參見 第9.2.4節(jié)“功能名稱解析和分辨率”。
下表顯示了MySQL 5.7中的關(guān)鍵字和保留字，以及從版本到版本的單個(gè)字的更改。保留關(guān)鍵字標(biāo)有（R）。另外，_FILENAME是保留的。
在某些時(shí)候，您可能會(huì)升級(jí)到更高版本，所以看一下未來的保留字也是一個(gè)好主意。您可以在涵蓋更高版本的MySQL的手冊(cè)中找到這些。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)SQL作為列或表名稱禁止表中的大多數(shù)保留字（例如， GROUP）。有一些是保留的，因?yàn)镸ySQL需要它們并使用yacc解析器。
表9.2 MySQL中的關(guān)鍵字和保留字5.7
| ACCESSIBLE (R) | ACCOUNT[a] | ACTION |
|---|---|---|
| ADD (R) | AFTER | AGAINST |
| AGGREGATE | ALGORITHM | ALL (R) |
| ALTER (R) | ALWAYS[b] | ANALYSE |
| ANALYZE (R) | AND (R) | ANY |
| AS (R) | ASC (R) | ASCII |
| ASENSITIVE (R) | AT | AUTOEXTEND_SIZE |
| AUTO_INCREMENT | AVG | AVG_ROW_LENGTH |
| BACKUP | BEFORE (R) | BEGIN |
| BETWEEN (R) | BIGINT (R) | BINARY (R) |
| BINLOG | BIT | BLOB (R) |
| BLOCK | BOOL | BOOLEAN |
| BOTH (R) | BTREE | BY (R) |
| BYTE | CACHE | CALL (R) |
| CASCADE (R) | CASCADED | CASE (R) |
| CATALOG_NAME | CHAIN | CHANGE (R) |
| CHANGED | CHANNEL[c] | CHAR (R) |
| CHARACTER (R) | CHARSET | CHECK (R) |
| CHECKSUM | CIPHER | CLASS_ORIGIN |
| CLIENT | CLOSE | COALESCE |
| CODE | COLLATE (R) | COLLATION |
| COLUMN (R) | COLUMNS | COLUMN_FORMAT |
| COLUMN_NAME | COMMENT | COMMIT |
| COMMITTED | COMPACT | COMPLETION |
| COMPRESSED | COMPRESSION[d] | CONCURRENT |
| CONDITION (R) | CONNECTION | CONSISTENT |
| CONSTRAINT (R) | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | CONSTRAINT_NAME |
| CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | CONTAINS | CONTEXT |
| CONTINUE (R) | CONVERT (R) | CPU |
| CREATE (R) | CROSS (R) | CUBE |
| CURRENT | CURRENT_DATE (R) | CURRENT_TIME (R) |
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R) | CURRENT_USER (R) | CURSOR (R) |
| CURSOR_NAME | DATA | DATABASE (R) |
| DATABASES (R) | DATAFILE | DATE |
| DATETIME | DAY | DAY_HOUR (R) |
| DAY_MICROSECOND (R) | DAY_MINUTE (R) | DAY_SECOND (R) |
| DEALLOCATE | DEC (R) | DECIMAL (R) |
| DECLARE (R) | DEFAULT (R) | DEFAULT_AUTH |
| DEFINER | DELAYED (R) | DELAY_KEY_WRITE |
| DELETE (R) | DESC (R) | DESCRIBE (R) |
| DES_KEY_FILE | DETERMINISTIC (R) | DIAGNOSTICS |
| DIRECTORY | DISABLE | DISCARD |
| DISK | DISTINCT (R) | DISTINCTROW (R) |
| DIV (R) | DO | DOUBLE (R) |
| DROP (R) | DUAL (R) | DUMPFILE |
| DUPLICATE | DYNAMIC | EACH (R) |
| ELSE (R) | ELSEIF (R) | ENABLE |
| ENCLOSED (R) | ENCRYPTION[e] | END |
| ENDS | ENGINE | ENGINES |
| ENUM | ERROR | ERRORS |
| ESCAPE | ESCAPED (R) | EVENT |
| EVENTS | EVERY | EXCHANGE |
| EXECUTE | EXISTS (R) | EXIT (R) |
| EXPANSION | EXPIRE | EXPLAIN (R) |
| EXPORT | EXTENDED | EXTENT_SIZE |
| FALSE (R) | FAST | FAULTS |
| FETCH (R) | FIELDS | FILE |
| FILE_BLOCK_SIZE[f] | FILTER[g] | FIRST |
| FIXED | FLOAT (R) | FLOAT4 (R) |
| FLOAT8 (R) | FLUSH | FOLLOWS[h] |
| FOR (R) | FORCE (R) | FOREIGN (R) |
| FORMAT | FOUND | FROM (R) |
| FULL | FULLTEXT (R) | FUNCTION |
| GENERAL | GENERATED[i] (R) | GEOMETRY |
| GEOMETRYCOLLECTION | GET (R) | GET_FORMAT |
| GLOBAL | GRANT (R) | GRANTS |
| GROUP (R) | GROUP_REPLICATION[j] | HANDLER |
| HASH | HAVING (R) | HELP |
| HIGH_PRIORITY (R) | HOST | HOSTS |
| HOUR | HOUR_MICROSECOND (R) | HOUR_MINUTE (R) |
| HOUR_SECOND (R) | IDENTIFIED | IF (R) |
| IGNORE (R) | IGNORE_SERVER_IDS | IMPORT |
| IN (R) | INDEX (R) | INDEXES |
| INFILE (R) | INITIAL_SIZE | INNER (R) |
| INOUT (R) | INSENSITIVE (R) | INSERT (R) |
| INSERT_METHOD | INSTALL | INSTANCE[k] |
| INT (R) | INT1 (R) | INT2 (R) |
| INT3 (R) | INT4 (R) | INT8 (R) |
| INTEGER (R) | INTERVAL (R) | INTO (R) |
| INVOKER | IO | IO_AFTER_GTIDS (R) |
| IO_BEFORE_GTIDS (R) | IO_THREAD | IPC |
| IS (R) | ISOLATION | ISSUER |
| ITERATE (R) | JOIN (R) | JSON[l] |
| KEY (R) | KEYS (R) | KEY_BLOCK_SIZE |
| KILL (R) | LANGUAGE | LAST |
| LEADING (R) | LEAVE (R) | LEAVES |
| LEFT (R) | LESS | LEVEL |
| LIKE (R) | LIMIT (R) | LINEAR (R) |
| LINES (R) | LINESTRING | LIST |
| LOAD (R) | LOCAL | LOCALTIME (R) |
| LOCALTIMESTAMP (R) | LOCK (R) | LOCKS |
| LOGFILE | LOGS | LONG (R) |
| LONGBLOB (R) | LONGTEXT (R) | LOOP (R) |
| LOW_PRIORITY (R) | MASTER | MASTER_AUTO_POSITION |
| MASTER_BIND (R) | MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY | MASTER_DELAY |
| MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD | MASTER_HOST | MASTER_LOG_FILE |
| MASTER_LOG_POS | MASTER_PASSWORD | MASTER_PORT |
| MASTER_RETRY_COUNT | MASTER_SERVER_ID | MASTER_SSL |
| MASTER_SSL_CA | MASTER_SSL_CAPATH | MASTER_SSL_CERT |
| MASTER_SSL_CIPHER | MASTER_SSL_CRL | MASTER_SSL_CRLPATH |
| MASTER_SSL_KEY | MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT (R) | MASTER_TLS_VERSION[m] |
| MASTER_USER | MATCH (R) | MAXVALUE (R) |
| MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR | MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR | MAX_ROWS |
| MAX_SIZE | MAX_STATEMENT_TIME[n] | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR |
| MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS | MEDIUM | MEDIUMBLOB (R) |
| MEDIUMINT (R) | MEDIUMTEXT (R) | MEMORY |
| MERGE | MESSAGE_TEXT | MICROSECOND |
| MIDDLEINT (R) | MIGRATE | MINUTE |
| MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R) | MINUTE_SECOND (R) | MIN_ROWS |
| MOD (R) | MODE | MODIFIES (R) |
| MODIFY | MONTH | MULTILINESTRING |
| MULTIPOINT | MULTIPOLYGON | MUTEX |
| MYSQL_ERRNO | NAME | NAMES |
| NATIONAL | NATURAL (R) | NCHAR |
| NDB | NDBCLUSTER | NEVER[o] |
| NEW | NEXT | NO |
| NODEGROUP | NONBLOCKING[p] | NONE |
| NOT (R) | NO_WAIT | NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R) |
| NULL (R) | NUMBER | NUMERIC (R) |
| NVARCHAR | OFFSET | OLD_PASSWORD[q] |
| ON (R) | ONE | ONLY |
| OPEN | OPTIMIZE (R) | OPTIMIZER_COSTS[r] (R) |
| OPTION (R) | OPTIONALLY (R) | OPTIONS |
| OR (R) | ORDER (R) | OUT (R) |
| OUTER (R) | OUTFILE (R) | OWNER |
| PACK_KEYS | PAGE | PARSER |
| PARSE_GCOL_EXPR[s] | PARTIAL | PARTITION (R) |
| PARTITIONING | PARTITIONS | PASSWORD |
| PHASE | PLUGIN | PLUGINS |
| PLUGIN_DIR | POINT | POLYGON |
| PORT | PRECEDES[t] | PRECISION (R) |
| PREPARE | PRESERVE | PREV |
| PRIMARY (R) | PRIVILEGES | PROCEDURE (R) |
| PROCESSLIST | PROFILE | PROFILES |
| PROXY | PURGE (R) | QUARTER |
| QUERY | QUICK | RANGE (R) |
| READ (R) | READS (R) | READ_ONLY |
| READ_WRITE (R) | REAL (R) | REBUILD |
| RECOVER | REDOFILE | REDO_BUFFER_SIZE |
| REDUNDANT | REFERENCES (R) | REGEXP (R) |
| RELAY | RELAYLOG | RELAY_LOG_FILE |
| RELAY_LOG_POS | RELAY_THREAD | RELEASE (R) |
| RELOAD | REMOVE | RENAME (R) |
| REORGANIZE | REPAIR | REPEAT (R) |
| REPEATABLE | REPLACE (R) | REPLICATE_DO_DB[u] |
| REPLICATE_DO_TABLE[v] | REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB[w] | REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE[x] |
| REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB[y] | REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE[z] | REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE[aa] |
| REPLICATION | REQUIRE (R) | RESET |
| RESIGNAL (R) | RESTORE | RESTRICT (R) |
| RESUME | RETURN (R) | RETURNED_SQLSTATE |
| RETURNS | REVERSE | REVOKE (R) |
| RIGHT (R) | RLIKE (R) | ROLLBACK |
| ROLLUP | ROTATE[ab] | ROUTINE |
| ROW | ROWS | ROW_COUNT |
| ROW_FORMAT | RTREE | SAVEPOINT |
| SCHEDULE | SCHEMA (R) | SCHEMAS (R) |
| SCHEMA_NAME | SECOND | SECOND_MICROSECOND (R) |
| SECURITY | SELECT (R) | SENSITIVE (R) |
| SEPARATOR (R) | SERIAL | SERIALIZABLE |
| SERVER | SESSION | SET (R) |
| SHARE | SHOW (R) | SHUTDOWN |
| SIGNAL (R) | SIGNED | SIMPLE |
| SLAVE | SLOW | SMALLINT (R) |
| SNAPSHOT | SOCKET | SOME |
| SONAME | SOUNDS | SOURCE |
| SPATIAL (R) | SPECIFIC (R) | SQL (R) |
| SQLEXCEPTION (R) | SQLSTATE (R) | SQLWARNING (R) |
| SQL_AFTER_GTIDS | SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS | SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS |
| SQL_BIG_RESULT (R) | SQL_BUFFER_RESULT | SQL_CACHE |
| SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R) | SQL_NO_CACHE | SQL_SMALL_RESULT (R) |
| SQL_THREAD | SQL_TSI_DAY | SQL_TSI_HOUR |
| SQL_TSI_MINUTE | SQL_TSI_MONTH | SQL_TSI_QUARTER |
| SQL_TSI_SECOND | SQL_TSI_WEEK | SQL_TSI_YEAR |
| SSL (R) | STACKED | START |
| STARTING (R) | STARTS | STATS_AUTO_RECALC |
| STATS_PERSISTENT | STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES | STATUS |
| STOP | STORAGE | STORED[ac] (R) |
| STRAIGHT_JOIN (R) | STRING | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN |
| SUBJECT | SUBPARTITION | SUBPARTITIONS |
| SUPER | SUSPEND | SWAPS |
| SWITCHES | TABLE (R) | TABLES |
| TABLESPACE | TABLE_CHECKSUM | TABLE_NAME |
| TEMPORARY | TEMPTABLE | TERMINATED (R) |
| TEXT | THAN | THEN (R) |
| TIME | TIMESTAMP | TIMESTAMPADD |
| TIMESTAMPDIFF | TINYBLOB (R) | TINYINT (R) |
| TINYTEXT (R) | TO (R) | TRAILING (R) |
| TRANSACTION | TRIGGER (R) | TRIGGERS |
| TRUE (R) | TRUNCATE | TYPE |
| TYPES | UNCOMMITTED | UNDEFINED |
| UNDO (R) | UNDOFILE | UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE |
| UNICODE | UNINSTALL | UNION (R) |
| UNIQUE (R) | UNKNOWN | UNLOCK (R) |
| UNSIGNED (R) | UNTIL | UPDATE (R) |
| UPGRADE | USAGE (R) | USE (R) |
| USER | USER_RESOURCES | USE_FRM |
| USING (R) | UTC_DATE (R) | UTC_TIME (R) |
| UTC_TIMESTAMP (R) | VALIDATION[ad] | VALUE |
| VALUES (R) | VARBINARY (R) | VARCHAR (R) |
| VARCHARACTER (R) | VARIABLES | VARYING (R) |
| VIEW | VIRTUAL[ae] (R) | WAIT |
| WARNINGS | WEEK | WEIGHT_STRING |
| WHEN (R) | WHERE (R) | WHILE (R) |
| WITH (R) | WITHOUT[af] | WORK |
| WRAPPER | WRITE (R) | X509 |
| XA | XID[ag] | XML |
| XOR (R) | YEAR | YEAR_MONTH (R) |
| ZEROFILL (R) |
[a]ACCOUNT：添加在5.7.6（非保留）
[b]ALWAYS：加入5.7.6（非保留）
[c]CHANNEL：加入5.7.6（非保留）
[d]COMPRESSION：加入5.7.8（非保留）
[e]ENCRYPTION：加入5.7.11（非保留）
[f]FILE_BLOCK_SIZE：加入5.7.6（非保留）
[g]FILTER：加入5.7.3（非保留）
[h]FOLLOWS：加入5.7.2（非保留）
[i]GENERATED：加入5.7.6（保留）
[j]GROUP_REPLICATION：加入5.7.6（非保留）
[k]INSTANCE：加入5.7.11（非保留）
[l]JSON：加入5.7.8（非保留）
[m]MASTER_TLS_VERSION：加入5.7.10（非保留）
[n]MAX_STATEMENT_TIME：加入5.7.4（非保留）; 在5.7.8中刪除
[o]NEVER：加入5.7.4（非保留）
[p]NONBLOCKING：在5.7.6中刪除
[q]OLD_PASSWORD：在5.7.5中刪除
[r]OPTIMIZER_COSTS：加入5.7.5（保留）
[s]PARSE_GCOL_EXPR：加入5.7.6（保留）; 在5.7.8中沒有保留
[t]PRECEDES：添加在5.7.2（非保留）
[u]REPLICATE_DO_DB：添加在5.7.3（非保留）
[v]REPLICATE_DO_TABLE：添加在5.7.3（非保留）
[w]REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB：加入5.7.3（非保留）
[x]REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE：添加在5.7.3（非保留）
[y]REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB：添加在5.7.3（非保留）
[z]REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE：添加在5.7.3（非保留）
[aa]REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE：添加在5.7.3（非保留）
[ab]ROTATE：添加在5.7.11（非保留）
[ac]STORED：添加在5.7.6（保留）
[ad]VALIDATION：加入5.7.5（非保留）
[ae]VIRTUAL：加入5.7.6（保留）
[af]WITHOUT：加入5.7.5（非保留）
[ag]XID：加入5.7.5（非保留）
下表顯示了MySQL 5.7中添加的關(guān)鍵字和保留字。保留關(guān)鍵字標(biāo)有（R）。
表9.3 MySQL中添加的關(guān)鍵字和保留字5.7與MySQL 5.6相比
| ACCOUNT | ALWAYS | CHANNEL |
|---|---|---|
| COMPRESSION | ENCRYPTION | FILE_BLOCK_SIZE |
| FILTER | FOLLOWS | GENERATED (R) |
| GROUP_REPLICATION | INSTANCE | JSON |
| MASTER_TLS_VERSION | NEVER | OPTIMIZER_COSTS (R) |
| PARSE_GCOL_EXPR | PRECEDES | REPLICATE_DO_DB |
| REPLICATE_DO_TABLE | REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB | REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE |
| REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB | REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE | REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE |
| ROTATE | STACKED | STORED (R) |
| VALIDATION | VIRTUAL (R) | WITHOUT |
| XID |
下表顯示了MySQL 5.7中刪除的關(guān)鍵字和保留字。保留關(guān)鍵字標(biāo)有（R）。
表9.4 MySQL 5.7中刪除的關(guān)鍵字和保留字與MySQL 5.6相比
| |
---|---|---
OLD_PASSWORD| |
