1.reinforce/?ri??n?f??s/
(reinforcing,reinforced,reinforces)
1.V-TIf something reinforces a feeling, situation, or process, it makes it stronger or more intense.
I hope this will reinforce Indonesian determination to deal with this kind of threat.
2.V-TIf something reinforces an idea or point of view, it provides more evidence or support for it.
The delegation hopes to reinforce the idea that human rights are not purely internal matters.
3.V-TTo reinforce an object means to make it stronger or harder.
Eventually, they had to reinforce the walls with exterior beams.
4.V-TTo reinforce an army or a police force means to make it stronger by increasing its size or providing it with more weapons. To reinforce a position or place means to make it stronger by sending more soldiers or weapons.
Both sides have been reinforcing their positions after yesterday's fierce fighting.
2.astronomer/??str?n?m?/
N-COUNTAnastronomeris a scientist who studies the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.
詞根：astronomy
adj. astronomical天文的，天文學(xué)的；極大的??? astronomic天文學(xué)的；星學(xué)的
adv. astronomically天文學(xué)上地；宇航學(xué)地；天體地
n.? astronomy天文學(xué)??? astronavigation太空航行；[航] 天文導(dǎo)航
3.deflection/d??fl?k??n/
![]()
1.N-VARThe deflection of something means making it change direction.
...the deflection of light as it passes through the slits in the grating.
2.N-COUNTIn sports, the deflection of a ball, kick, or shot is when the ball hits an object and then travels in a different direction.
詞根：deflect
adj.? deflective偏斜的；偏倚的
n.? deflector導(dǎo)向裝置；偏針儀，導(dǎo)流板
4.artillery/ɑ??t?l?r?/
1.N-UNCOUNTArtillery consists of large, powerful guns that are transported on wheels and used by an army.
Using tanks and heavy artillery, they seized the town.
2.N-SING-COLLThe artillery is the section of an army that is trained to use large, powerful guns.
From 1935 to 1937 he was in the artillery.
詞組? heavy artillery重型火炮，重型炮兵???? field artillery野戰(zhàn)炮兵 ? artillery shell 炮彈
5.geocentric/?d?i????s?ntr?k/
![]()
ADJhaving the earth at its centre
the Ptolemaic system postulated a geocentric universe
詞組?? geocentric coordinate system地心坐標(biāo)系
詞根：geocentric????????? geochemistry地球化學(xué)
6.phlogiston/fl??d??st?n, -t?n/
Na hypothetical substance formerly thought to be present in all combustible materials and to be released during burning 燃素;
As Eichengreen nicely noted, the gold standard is not phlogiston.
7.simultaneously[saim?l'teini?sli]
at the same instant
They spoke simultaneously.
詞根：simulcast
adj.??? simultaneous同時(shí)的；聯(lián)立的；同時(shí)發(fā)生的
n.?? simultaneous同時(shí)譯員????????? simultaneity同時(shí)；[計(jì)][力] 同時(shí)性；同時(shí)發(fā)生
????? simulcast同時(shí)聯(lián)播??????????????? simultaneousness同時(shí)性
v.????? simulcast同時(shí)聯(lián)播
8.apparatus/??p??re?t?s/
1.N-VARThe apparatus of an organization or system is its structure and method of operation.
For many years, the country had been buried under the apparatus of the regime.
2.N-VARApparatusis the equipment, such as tools and machines, which is used to do a particular job or activity.
One of the boys had to be rescued by firemen wearing breathing apparatus.
9.cathode/?k?θ??d/
N-COUNTAcathodeis the negative electrode in a cell such as a battery. Compare . 陰極
Each pixel consists of an anode and cathode separated by a thin, organic membrane.
詞組??? cathode ray陰極射線???? cold cathode[電]冷陰極?? cathode copper[冶金]陰極銅；電解銅
10.chain/t?e?n/ (chaining,chained,chains)
1.N-COUNTA chain consists of metal rings connected together in a line.
His open shirt revealed a fat gold chain.
2.N-COUNTAchain ofthings is a group of them existing or arranged in a line.
...a chain of islands known as the Windward Islands.
3.N-COUNTAchainofstores, hotels, or other businesses is a number of them owned by the same person or company.
...a large supermarket chain.
4.N-PLURALIf prisoners arein chains, they have thick rings of metal around their wrists or ankles to prevent them from escaping.
He'd spent four and a half years in windowless cells, much of the time in chains.
5.V-TIf a person or thingis chainedtosomething, they are fastened to it with a chain.
The dogs were chained to a fence.
6.PHRASAL VERBChain upmeans the same as .
They kept me chained up every night and released me each day.
7.N-SINGAchain ofevents is a series of them happening one after another.
...the bizarre chain of events that led to his departure in January 1938.
詞組?? supply chain供應(yīng)鏈；供給鏈；供需鏈?? supply chain management供應(yīng)連鎖管理
????????? value chain價(jià)值鏈
11.eclipse/??kl?ps/(eclipsing,eclipsed,eclipses)
1.N-COUNTAneclipseofthe sun is an occasion when the moon is between the earth and the sun, so that for a short time you cannot see part or all of the sun. Aneclipseofthe moon is an occasion when the earth is between the sun and the moon, so that for a short time you cannot see part or all of the moon. (日、月) 食
...an eclipse of the sun.
2.V-TIf one thingis eclipsedbya second thing that is bigger, newer, or more important than it, the first thing is no longer noticed because the second thing gets all the attention.
...the space programme has been eclipsed by other pressing needs.
詞組?? solar eclipsen. ［天］日食?? total solar eclipse日全食?? total eclipse[天]日全食；月全食
12.assert/??s??t/(asserting,asserted,asserts)
1.V-TIf someoneassertsa fact or belief, they state it firmly.
Mr. Helm plans to assert that the bill violates the First Amendment.
2.N-VAR assertion
There is no concrete evidence to support assertions that the recession is truly over.
3.V-TIf you assert your authority, you make it clear by your behaviour that you have authority.
After the war, the army made an attempt to assert its authority in the south of the country.
4.N-UNCOUNT assertion
The decision is seen as an assertion of his authority within the company.
5.V-TIf youassertyour right or claim to something, you insist that you have the right to it.
The republics began asserting their right to govern themselves.
6V-TIf youassertyourself, you speak and act in a forceful way, so that people take notice of you.
He's speaking up and asserting himself and doing things he enjoys.
詞根：assert
adj.? assertive肯定的；獨(dú)斷的；堅(jiān)定而自信的?? asserted宣稱的；聲稱的?? assertable可斷言的
adv.?? assertively獨(dú)斷地；斷言地
n.?? assertion斷言，聲明；主張，要求；堅(jiān)持
v.??? asserted宣稱；聲稱（assert的過去分詞）
13.crater/?kre?t?/
N-COUNTAcrateris a very large hole in the ground, which has been caused by something hitting it or by an explosion.
The explosion, believed to be a car bomb, left a ten-foot crater in the street.
詞組?? crater laken. 火山口形成的深湖?? explosion crater爆裂火口；爆破漏斗
14.supernova/?su?p??n??v?/
![]()
N-COUNTAsupernovais an exploding star. 超新星
At least one supernova occurs per decade in our galax
supernova remnant超新星遺跡，超新星殘骸
15.exquisite/?k?skw?z?t, ??kskw?z?t/
1.ADJSomething that is exquisite is extremely beautiful or pleasant, especially in a delicate way.?
The Indians brought in exquisite beadwork to sell.
2.ADV exquisitely
...exquisitely crafted dollshouses.
small and exquisite小巧玲瓏；小而靈巧
16.illustration/??l??stre???n/
1.N-COUNTAnillustrationis an example or a story that is used to make a point clear.
An illustration of China's dynamism is that a new company is formed in Shanghai every 11
2.N-COUNTAnillustrationin a book is a picture, design, or diagram.
She looked like a princess in a nineteenth-century illustration.
詞根：illustrate
adj.?? illustrative說明的；作例證的；解說的
n.??? illustrator插圖畫家；說明者；圖解者
vi.??? illustrate舉例
vt.?? illustrate闡明，舉例說明；圖解
17.quash/kw??/(quashing,quashed,quashes)
1.V-TIf a court or someone in authorityquashesa decision or judgment, they officially reject it.
The Appeal Court has quashed the convictions of all eleven people.
2.V-TIf someonequashesrumours, they say or do something to demonstrate that the rumours are not true.
Graham attempted to quash rumours of growing discontent in the dressing room.
3.V-TToquasha rebellion or protest means to stop it, often in a violent way.
Troops were displaying an obvious reluctance to get involved in quashing demonstrations.
18.flea/fli?/
N-COUNTAfleais a very small jumping insect that has no wings and feeds on the blood of humans or animals.
短語? flea in one's ear 刺耳話；嚴(yán)厲斥責(zé)，尖刻的責(zé)難；譏諷；斷然的拒絕；令人不快的答復(fù)
flea market跳蚤市場(chǎng)；廉價(jià)市場(chǎng)? ? water flea[昆]水蚤（等于Cladocera）
19.combustion/k?m?b?st??n/
N-UNCOUNTCombustionis the act of burning something or the process of burning.
The energy is released by combustion on the application of a match.
詞組????? spontaneous combustion自燃??????? internal combustion內(nèi)燃?
???????????? combustion engine內(nèi)燃機(jī)；燃燒機(jī)
詞根：combust
adj.? combustible易燃的；易激動(dòng)的；燃燒性的? combustive可燃燒的；能燃燒的
n.? combustible可燃物；易燃物??? combust燃料?? combustibility燃燒性；[熱] 可燃性combustibleness可燃性；易怒
vt.? ? combust燃燒；消耗
20.stratum/?strɑ?t?m, ?str?t-/
Stratais the plural of . stratum
1.N-COUNTAstratumof society is a group of people in it who are similar in their education, income, or social status.
It was an enormous task that affected every stratum of society.
2.N-COUNTStrata are different layers of rock.
Contained within the rock strata is evidence that the region was intensely dry 15,000 years ago.
詞組?? overlying strata覆層；表層；上覆地層?? rock strata巖層?? series of strata層系，巖系
?????? 在看了安妮老師的思維導(dǎo)圖之后，和我的相對(duì)比感覺她的真的比我的好太多了。
在做思維導(dǎo)圖的時(shí)候不能夠拘泥于文章的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，要從原文中跳脫出來，但是又要根基在原文文本之上。
安妮是用時(shí)間軸表現(xiàn)科學(xué)思想的進(jìn)程的，把事例和思想分成兩個(gè)部分，時(shí)間軸上主要表現(xiàn)思想，再單拎出另一個(gè)部分舉出實(shí)例。這樣感覺很清晰。相比之下，我的僅僅是文章的大意概括，沒有很流暢的邏輯之間的關(guān)系。
內(nèi)容上是基本上看懂了的，也把主要部分提取了出來。我從文章中知道了以前學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)史的時(shí)候不知道的思想，偉大的科學(xué)家偉大的思想，以及科學(xué)家們對(duì)世界認(rèn)識(shí)的方法。其中有一部分是我上學(xué)的時(shí)候曾接觸過的，所以也不覺得生澀難懂，反而有種親切的感覺。比如，亞里士多德在重力方面的猜想，比薩斜塔的實(shí)驗(yàn)，門捷列夫排列的元素周期表......這些讓我重溫了高中時(shí)的知識(shí)，還學(xué)會(huì)了英文的表達(dá)?？茖W(xué)家們用先進(jìn)的科技手段發(fā)現(xiàn)了之前從未發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象，這讓我明白，科技進(jìn)步能夠促進(jìn)對(duì)科學(xué)前沿的突破：科學(xué)家們用大型強(qiáng)子對(duì)撞機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)了更小的組成原子的物質(zhì)，盧瑟福用射線發(fā)現(xiàn)原子內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。
從文章中學(xué)習(xí)了很多不認(rèn)識(shí)的科學(xué)方面的單詞，有所長(zhǎng)進(jìn)。給我留下印象最深的是alchemy，這個(gè)單詞中文是煉金術(shù)的意思，chemy讓我想起化學(xué)chemistry.煉金術(shù)便是中世紀(jì)時(shí)期的化學(xué)，近現(xiàn)代的化學(xué)就是從煉金術(shù)演化而來的。我猜想alchemy中的chemy的音和chemistry的發(fā)音差不多，很有可能是從alchemy演化來的。所以了解一些歷史對(duì)記憶單詞還是有所幫助的。
