2) Identifying and Not Tolerating Problems
2）發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，對問題零容忍
After you set your goals, you must come up with a plan or a design to achieve them and then you must execute that plan by doing the tasks. On the way to achieving your goals and executing your design, you will encounter problems that have to be diagnosed, so that the design can be modified to get around these obstacles. That’s why you need to identify and not tolerate problems.
設(shè)定目標后，你得設(shè)計出一套方案來實現(xiàn)目標，并且要實施方案里布置的各項任務(wù)。在實現(xiàn)目標、實施方案的過程中，你會碰到問題、診斷問題，進而完善設(shè)計方案以避免這些阻礙，所以要發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，并對問題零容忍。
Most problems are potential improvements screaming at you.
大多數(shù)問題都是蘊含著改善良機的。
Whenever a problem surfaces, you have in front of you an opportunity to improve.The more painful theproblem, the louder it is screaming. In order to be successful, you have to 1) perceive problems and 2) not tolerate them.
一旦有問題出現(xiàn)，擺在你面前的就是一個提升改善的良機。問題越棘手，帶來的反應(yīng)越大，要想成功，你得 1）發(fā)現(xiàn)問題；2）對問題零容忍。
Though I’ve said it before, it’s worth saying again: I understand that recognizing harsh realities can be extremely painful. But I’ve learned that if you can stare hard at your problems, they almost always shrink or disappear, because you almost always find a better way of dealing with them than if you don’t face them head on. The more difficult the problem, the more important it is that you stare at it and deal with it. After seeing how effectively facing reality – especially your problems, mistakes and weaknesses – works, you will become comfortable with it and won’t want to operate any other way. I also believe that one of the best ways of getting at truth is reflecting with others who have opposing views and who share your interest in finding the truth rather than being proven right.
雖然說過，但有必要再強調(diào)下：我明白，認識到殘酷的現(xiàn)實非常痛苦，但我也發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要緊盯你的問題，這些問題基本都會減少或消失，因為比起躲避這些問題，你經(jīng)常就已經(jīng)找到了更好的解決辦法了。問題越困難，越是需要對其緊抓不放。在面對現(xiàn)實情況時看到這種辦法的有效性，尤其是面對自己的問題，錯誤和缺點，終會從容應(yīng)對，到時候都不會想用其他方法解決了。我也相信，獲得真相的最佳途徑是同他人一起反思，尤其是當對方與你的觀點相對立時，或與你一樣樂于自己去尋找真相而不是樂于坐等事實被別人證明。
If you don’t identify your problems, you won’t solve them, so you won’t move forward toward achieving your goals. As a result, it is essential to bring problems to the surface.
若不能發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，你就無法解決問題，也就不能前行實現(xiàn)目標。所以，讓問題顯現(xiàn)出來十分關(guān)鍵。
Most people don’t like to do this. But most successful people know that they have to do this.
大多數(shù)人不愛這么做，但大多數(shù)成功人士知道他們必須這樣做。
The most common reasons people don’t successfully identify their problems are generally rooted either in a lack of will or in a lack of talent or skill:
人們不能很好地發(fā)現(xiàn)自身問題，主要是源于缺少意愿、天賦或技能。
They can be “harsh realities” that are unpleasant to look at, so people often subconsciously put them “out of sight” so they will be “out of mind.”
直面“殘酷的現(xiàn)實”令人不悅，人們會下意識忽略，不去想。
Thinking about problems that are difficult to solve can produce anxiety that stands in the way of progress.
思考棘手的問題，可能產(chǎn)生焦慮，阻礙進步。
People often worry more about appearing to not have problems than about achieving their desired results, and therefore avoid recognizing that their own mistakes and/or weaknesses are causing the problems. This aversion to seeing one’s own mistakes and weaknesses typically occurs because they’re viewed as deficiencies you’re stuck with rather than as essential parts of the personal evolution process.
人們常常更擔(dān)心表面上是否看起來有問題，而不擔(dān)心能否實現(xiàn)預(yù)期目標，因此就回避自身可能產(chǎn)生問題的錯誤或弱點。這種對自身錯誤的反感非常普遍，因為人們認為犯錯是一種缺陷，而沒有把犯錯當做個人進化過程中的重要一環(huán)。
Sometimes people are simply not perceptive enough to see the problems.
有時人們僅僅是對問題缺乏洞察力罷了。
Some people are unable to distinguish big problems from small ones. Since nothing is perfect, it is possible to identify an infinite number of problems everywhere. If you are unable to distinguish the big problems from the little ones, you can’t “successfully” (i.e., in a practical way) identify problems.
有人不會區(qū)分大問題和小問題。世上沒有完美的事情，所以每個地方都可能發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)不完的問題，要不能從這一堆問題中分辨出大問題，實際上是不能順利發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的。
Remember, you don’t have to be good at any of the five steps (in this case, identifying problems) to be successful if you get help from others. So push through the pain of facing your problems, knowingyou will end up in a much better place.
記住，五大步驟你不必樣樣精通（這里就是說發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的能力），因為能夠從別人那里獲得幫助。所以直面問題，經(jīng)受住痛苦，相信自己的結(jié)果會比現(xiàn)在好很多。
When identifying problems, it is important to remain centered and logical.
發(fā)現(xiàn)問題時，保持聚精會神和邏輯思維。
While it can be tempting to react emotionally to problems and seek sympathy or blame others, this accomplishes nothing.Whatever the reasons, you have to get over the impediments to succeed. Remember that the pains you are feeling are “growing pains” that will test your character and reward you if you push through them. Try to look at your problems as a detached observer would. Remember thatidentifying problems is like finding gems embedded in puzzles; if you solve the puzzles you will get the gems that will make your life much better. Doing this continuously will lead to your rapidevolution. So, if you’re logical, you really should get excited about finding problems because identifying them will bring you closer to your goals.
面對問題時采取情緒化的做法，比如尋求同情或斥責(zé)他人，是毫無用處的。無論是什么原因，要想成功就要越過障礙。記住，你所體驗的痛苦是“成長的痛苦”，會鍛煉你的性格，經(jīng)受住了考驗就能獲得回報。嘗試以一個置身事外的觀察者身份看待自己的問題。記住，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題就像是搜尋謎陣里鑲嵌的寶石，解開了謎陣，就能獲得寶石，讓人生變得更好。持續(xù)這樣做，會加速你的進化過程。如果你的邏輯思維很好，那你應(yīng)該很樂于尋找問題，因為發(fā)現(xiàn)問題會讓你更接近目標。
This is typically because they let their emotions control their behavior and/or they haven’t learned how to deal with their problems e.g., the amygdala is “hijacking” decision-making away from the pre-frontal cortex.
一般這樣是因為個人情緒控制了他們的行為，他們還沒學(xué)會如何解決問題，比如：大腦的杏仁體把決策行為從前額葉皮層那搶了過去
How good are you at perceiving problems?
你擅于察覺問題嗎？
How confident are you that your assessment of your ability to perceive problems is right?
你對上述問題的自我評估有信心嗎？
If you are confident of your self-assessment, why should you be confident (e.g. because you have a demonstrated track-record, because many believable people have told you, etc)?
如果你對自我評估很有信心，請論述自信的原因。（例如過去有過輝煌的記錄，或值得信賴之人告訴過你等等）？
Be very precise in specifying your problems.
問題要精準且具體化。
It is essential to identify your problems with precision, for different problems have different solutions. For example, if your impediments are due largely to issues of will—to your unwillingness to confront what is really happening—you have to strengthen your will, for example by starting small and building up your confidence.
要精準地發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，這很關(guān)鍵，因為不同的問題有不同的解決辦法。例如，如果你的障礙主要是由于個人意愿，不愿意直面現(xiàn)實。那你需要增強意愿，從小事做起建立信心。
If your problems are related to lack of skill or innate talent, the most powerful antidote is to have others point things out to you and objectively consider whether what they identify is true. Problems due to inadequate skill might then be solved with training, whereas those arising from innate weaknesses might be overcome with assistance or role changes. It doesn’t matter which is the case; it only matters that the true cause is identified and appropriately addressed.
如果你的問題是缺少技能或天賦，克服問題的良方就是讓別人當你的面指出來，客觀思考他們說的是不是正確的。能力不足就加強訓(xùn)練，天生的缺點可能需要幫助或角色改變才能克服。無論是什么情況，找到真正的原因并恰當化解才是最重要的。
There are also other antidotes that we will delve into in the next book.
對此還有別的良方，下一本書里我再做探討。
The more precise you are, the easier it will be to come up with accurate diagnoses and successful solutions. For example, rather than saying something like “People don’t like me,” it is better to specify which people don’t like you and under what circumstances.
問題發(fā)現(xiàn)的越準確，越容易對問題進行診斷和提供有效的解決方案。例如，與其說“大家不喜歡我”，不如具體一點，說說誰不喜歡你，在什么情況下不喜歡你。
Don’t confuse problems with causes.
不要混淆問題和原因。
“I can’t get enough sleep” is not a problem; it is a cause of some problem. What exactly is that problem? To avoid confusing the problem with its causes, try to identify the suboptimal outcome, e.g., “I am performing badly in my job because I am tired.”
“我睡眠不足”不是一個問題，這個是一些問題的原因。問題實際上是什么？要避免混淆問題與原因，嘗試看一下不滿意的結(jié)果，比如說：我工作表現(xiàn)不好是因為我太累了。
Once you identify your problems, you must not tolerate them.
一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)了自身的問題，必須采取零容忍的態(tài)度。
Tolerating problems has the same result as not identifying them (i.e., both stand in the way of getting past the problem), but the root causes are different. Tolerating problems might be due to not thinking that they can be solved, or not caring enough about solving them.People who tolerate problems are the worse off because, without the motivation to move on, they cannot succeed. In other words, if you are motivated, you can succeed even if you don’t have the abilities (i.e., talents and skills) because you can get the help from others. But if you’re not motivated to succeed, if you don’t have the will to succeed, the situation is hopeless.
容忍問題帶來的后果，和不發(fā)現(xiàn)它們一樣，都會阻礙問題的解決。但兩者的根本原因是不一樣的，容忍問題可能是認為這些問題無法解決，或者不在乎能否解決。容忍問題的存在更為糟糕，因為這是缺乏前進動力的表現(xiàn)，是不會成功的。換句話說，只要你有成功的積極性，就算沒有能力、天資、技能，你也能成功，因為你可以從別人那獲得幫助。但你要連想成功的積極性都沒有，就沒有成功的意愿，毫無成功希望。
Not caring to solve problems often occurs when the expected reward is less than the expected cost. For example, when someone is working toward someone else’s goals without being appropriately supervised, rewarded or punished.
如果解決問題的回報低于解決成本，那么人們就可能不在乎是否能解決問題。例如，一個人為實現(xiàn)另一個人的目標而工作，但不受其監(jiān)管獎懲。
* How much do you tolerate problems?
你容忍問題的程度怎樣？
How confident are you that your assessment of how much you tolerate problems is right?
你對上述問題的自我評估有幾分信心？
If you are confident of your self-assessment, why should you be confident (e.g. because you have a demonstrated track-record, because many believable people have told you, etc)?
如果你對自我評估很有信心，請論述自信的原因。是因為你有過往業(yè)績，或值得信賴之人這樣評價過你？
People who are good at this step—identifying and not tolerating problems—tend to have strong abilities to perceive and synthesize a clear and accurate picture, as well as demonstrate a fierce intolerance of badness (regardless of the severity).
擅于發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并對問題零容忍的人，對問題的洞察力和綜合能力很強，擅于構(gòu)思清晰準確的方案，也說明他們不能忍受任何不良情況（不管多嚴重)。
Remember that you need to do each step independently from the other steps before moving on.
記住，每一步都要單獨完成后再進入其他步驟。
Can you comfortably identify your problems without thinking about how to solve them? It is a good exercise to just make a list of them, without possible solutions. Only after you have created a clear picture of your problems should you go to the next step.
你能在不思考怎么解決的情況下輕松地發(fā)現(xiàn)你的問題嗎？列個清單，不寫解決方案，這是個不錯的練習(xí)方式。當你對自己的問題有了清晰的認識后，再進入到下一個步驟。
For a more detailed explanation of identifying and not tolerating problems, please read My Management Principles.
想要了解更多關(guān)于發(fā)現(xiàn)問題與對問題零容忍的內(nèi)容，可以閱讀第三章，我的管理原則。
