Java中的類型引用
強(qiáng)軟弱虛
強(qiáng)引用
棧內(nèi)存指向了堆內(nèi)存
public class MGCTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
M m = new M();
m = null;
System.gc();
}
}
當(dāng)棧內(nèi)存的m指向堆內(nèi)存的new M(),當(dāng)m=null是gc觸發(fā)就會(huì)把new M()回收。
軟引用
先示例
/**
* create by yanghongxing on 2020/5/19 11:48 下午
*/
public class SoftReferenceM {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
SoftReference<byte[]> m = new SoftReference<>(new byte[1024 * 1024 * 10]);
System.out.println(m.get());
System.gc();
System.out.println(m.get());
SoftReference<byte[]> n = new SoftReference<>(new byte[1024 * 1024 * 11]);
System.out.println(m.get());
}
}
我先創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)軟引用,這里的引用關(guān)系時(shí)第一步創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)SoftReference對(duì)象,第二步創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)byte對(duì)象,第三 步將將SoftReference通過軟引用指向byte對(duì)象,最后將m通過強(qiáng)引用指向SoftReference對(duì)象。我們?cè)O(shè)置一個(gè)jvm參數(shù)-Xmx20m,將堆內(nèi)存設(shè)置最大值為20m。輸出結(jié)果為:
[B@372f7a8d
[B@372f7a8d
null
因?yàn)槲覀儼讯褍?nèi)存設(shè)置成最大值20m,第一次創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)10m的byte數(shù)組,第二次創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)11m的byte數(shù)組,第二次創(chuàng)建的時(shí)候堆內(nèi)存不夠用,就回收了之前10m的數(shù)組。
弱引用
public class WeakReferenceM {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeakReference<M> m = new WeakReference<>(new M());
System.out.println(m.get());
System.gc();
System.out.println(m.get());
}
}
輸出結(jié)果:
com.example.demo.quote.M@372f7a8d
null
弱引用垃圾回收器看到就會(huì)被回收。弄清楚弱引用先了解一下什么是ThreadLocal,是個(gè)本地線程對(duì)象,線程存在這個(gè)對(duì)象就存在,比如在spring的Transactional注解,在為了保證事務(wù)不同的方法中獲取的必須是同一個(gè)連接對(duì)象,這個(gè)連接對(duì)象就被保存咋ThreadLocal中。我們看看ThreadLocal的源碼。
/**
* Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
* to the specified value. Most subclasses will have no need to
* override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
* method to set the values of thread-locals.
*
* @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
* this thread-local.
*/
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
}
首先拿到當(dāng)前線程對(duì)象,然后獲取了個(gè)map,然后往這個(gè)map中放了當(dāng)前對(duì)象,這個(gè)this就是ThreadLocal對(duì)象
/**
* Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
* InheritableThreadLocal.
*
* @param t the current thread
* @return the map
*/
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.threadLocals;
}
t.threadLocals,t是Thread對(duì)象,Thread對(duì)象的一個(gè)成員變量。我們?cè)倏纯磗et方法的源碼
/**
* Set the value associated with key.
*
* @param key the thread local object
* @param value the value to be set
*/
private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {
// We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at
// least as common to use set() to create new entries as
// it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast
// path would fail more often than not.
Entry[] tab = table;
int len = tab.length;
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);
for (Entry e = tab[i];
e != null;
e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
if (k == key) {
e.value = value;
return;
}
if (k == null) {
replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
return;
}
}
tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);
int sz = ++size;
if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)
rehash();
}
這個(gè)構(gòu)造了個(gè)Entry對(duì)象,這個(gè)Entry可以看成是map的一行數(shù)據(jù),一個(gè)key-value對(duì)。再看看Entry的源碼。
static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
/** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
Object value;
Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
super(k);
value = v;
}
}
這個(gè)Entry對(duì)象竟然是繼承了WeakReference對(duì)象。所以弱引用的典型應(yīng)用就是ThreadLocal中。
上面的用圖畫出來就是這個(gè)樣子,Thread對(duì)象中存了一個(gè)強(qiáng)引用指向ThreadLocal就是ThreadLocal<M> mThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>()句代碼,同時(shí)Thread中還有個(gè)ThreadLocalMap,這個(gè)map的key就是指向ThreadLocal對(duì)象,這個(gè)對(duì)象使用的是弱引用,使用弱引用的原因是防止內(nèi)存泄漏。既然這里使用的是弱引用為啥ThreadLocal還那么容易產(chǎn)生內(nèi)存泄漏呢?我們看key是弱引用,但是value不是,所以這個(gè)記錄還是在map中,所以容易產(chǎn)生內(nèi)存泄漏,為了防止內(nèi)存泄漏,我們就在ThreadLocal使用完就remove掉。
虛引用
public class PhontamReferenceM {
private static ReferenceQueue<M> QUEUE = new ReferenceQueue<>();
private static List<byte[]> LIST = new ArrayList();
public static void main(String[] args) {
PhantomReference<M> m = new PhantomReference<>(new M(), QUEUE);
new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
LIST.add(new byte[1024 * 1024]);
try {
Thread.sleep(50);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("0" + m.get());
}
}).start();
new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
Reference<? extends M> poll = QUEUE.poll();
if (Objects.nonNull(poll)) {
System.out.println("1" + poll);
}
}
}).start();
}
}
輸出為:
0null
1java.lang.ref.PhantomReference@b148489
0null
0null
0null
0null
虛引用的主要作用是管理堆外內(nèi)存, 比如nio操作為了提高效率就可能有部分內(nèi)存放在堆外,堆外內(nèi)存不能直接被GC回收,可能當(dāng)對(duì)象被回收時(shí),通過Queue可以檢測(cè)到,然后清理堆外內(nèi)存。