SpringMVC學習筆記----
一、SpringMVC基礎入門，創(chuàng)建一個HelloWorld程序
1.首先，導入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關于SpringMVC的配置
springmvc
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
contextConfigLocation
classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml
springmvc
/
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans?http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context?http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc?http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創(chuàng)建名為jsp的文件夾，用來存放jsp視圖。創(chuàng)建一個hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller，如下所示
6.編寫Controller代碼
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")public?class?mvcController?{
@RequestMapping("/hello")????public?String?hello(){
return?"hello";
}
}
7.啟動服務器，鍵入?http://localhost:8080/項目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請求，Servlet攔截匹配規(guī)則要自已定義，把攔截下來的請求，依據(jù)相應的規(guī)則分發(fā)到目標Controller來處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
視圖名稱解析器
3.以上出現(xiàn)的注解
@Controller負責注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
負責注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
@RequestBody
該注解用于讀取Request請求的body部分數(shù)據(jù)，使用系統(tǒng)默認配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析，然后把相應的數(shù)據(jù)綁定到要返回的對象上?,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對象數(shù)據(jù)綁定到 controller中方法的參數(shù)上
@ResponseBody
該注解用于將Controller的方法返回的對象，通過適當?shù)腍ttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式后，寫入到Response對象的body數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)
@ModelAttribute
在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在調(diào)用目標處理方法前，會先逐個調(diào)用在方法級上標注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入?yún)⑶笆褂?@ModelAttribute 注解：可以從隱含對象中獲取隱含的模型數(shù)據(jù)中獲取對象，再將請求參數(shù) –綁定到對象中，再傳入入?yún)⒎椒ㄈ雲(yún)ο筇砑拥侥Ｐ椭?/p>
@RequestParam
在處理方法入?yún)⑻幨褂?@RequestParam 可以把請求參 數(shù)傳遞給請求方法
@PathVariable
綁定 URL 占位符到入?yún)?/p>
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上，出現(xiàn)異常時會執(zhí)行該方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一個Contoller成為全局的異常處理類，類中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以處理所有Controller發(fā)生的異常
四、自動匹配參數(shù)
//match?automatically
@RequestMapping("/person")????public?String?toPerson(String?name,double?age){
System.out.println(name+"?"+age);????????return?"hello";
}
五、自動裝箱
1.編寫一個Person實體類
package?test.SpringMVC.model;public?class?Person?{????public?String?getName()?{????????return?name;
}????public?void?setName(String?name)?{????????this.name?=?name;
}????public?int?getAge()?{????????return?age;
}????public?void?setAge(int?age)?{????????this.age?=?age;
}????private?String?name;????private?int?age;
}
2.在Controller里編寫方法
//boxing?automatically
@RequestMapping("/person1")????public?String?toPerson(Person?p){
System.out.println(p.getName()+"?"+p.getAge());????????return?"hello";
}
六、使用InitBinder來處理Date類型的參數(shù)
//the?parameter?was?converted?in?initBinder
@RequestMapping("/date")????public?String?date(Date?date){
System.out.println(date);????????return?"hello";
}
//At?the?time?of?initialization,convert?the?type?"String"?to?type?"date"????@InitBinder????public?void?initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder?binder){
binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,?new?CustomDateEditor(new?SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),????????????????true));
}
七、向前臺傳遞參數(shù)
//pass?the?parameters?to?front-end
@RequestMapping("/show")????public?String?showPerson(Map?map){
Person?p?=new?Person();
map.put("p",?p);
p.setAge(20);
p.setName("jayjay");????????return?"show";
}
前臺可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax調(diào)用
//pass?the?parameters?to?front-end?using?ajax
@RequestMapping("/getPerson")????public?void?getPerson(String?name,PrintWriter?pw){
pw.write("hello,"+name);
}
@RequestMapping("/name")????public?String?sayHello(){????????return?"name";
}
前臺用下面的Jquery代碼調(diào)用
$(function(){
$("#btn").click(function(){
$.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
alert(data);
});
});
});
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請求
//redirect
@RequestMapping("/redirect")????public?String?redirect(){????????return?"redirect:hello";
}
十、文件上傳
1.需要導入兩個jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
3.方法代碼
@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)????public?String?upload(HttpServletRequest?req)?throws?Exception{
MultipartHttpServletRequest?mreq?=?(MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
MultipartFile?file?=?mreq.getFile("file");
String?fileName?=?file.getOriginalFilename();
SimpleDateFormat?sdf?=?new?SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
FileOutputStream?fos?=?new?FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
"upload/"+sdf.format(new?Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
fos.write(file.getBytes());
fos.flush();
fos.close();
return?"hello";
}
4.前臺form表單
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定參數(shù)的name
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")public?class?mvcController1?{
@RequestMapping(value="/param")????public?String?testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id")?Integer?id,
@RequestParam(value="name")String?name){
System.out.println(id+"?"+name);????????return?"/hello";
}
}
十二、RESTFul風格的SringMVC
1.RestController
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rest")public?class?RestController?{
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)????public?String?get(@PathVariable("id")?Integer?id){
System.out.println("get"+id);????????return?"/hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)????public?String?post(@PathVariable("id")?Integer?id){
System.out.println("post"+id);????????return?"/hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)????public?String?put(@PathVariable("id")?Integer?id){
System.out.println("put"+id);????????return?"/hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)????public?String?delete(@PathVariable("id")?Integer?id){
System.out.println("delete"+id);????????return?"/hello";
}
}
2.form表單發(fā)送put和delete請求
在web.xml中配置
HiddenHttpMethodFilter
org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter
HiddenHttpMethodFilter
/*
在前臺可以用以下代碼產(chǎn)生請求
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.導入以下jar包
2.方法代碼
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/json")public?class?jsonController?{
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/user")????public??User?get(){
User?u?=?new?User();
u.setId(1);
u.setName("jayjay");
u.setBirth(new?Date());????????return?u;
}
}
十四、異常的處理
1.處理局部異常（Controller內(nèi)）
@ExceptionHandler????public?ModelAndView?exceptionHandler(Exception?ex){
ModelAndView?mv?=?new?ModelAndView("error");
mv.addObject("exception",?ex);
System.out.println("in?testExceptionHandler");????????return?mv;
}
@RequestMapping("/error")????public?String?error(){????????int?i?=?5/0;????????return?"hello";
}
2.處理全局異常（所有Controller）
@ControllerAdvicepublic?class?testControllerAdvice?{
@ExceptionHandler????public?ModelAndView?exceptionHandler(Exception?ex){
ModelAndView?mv?=?new?ModelAndView("error");
mv.addObject("exception",?ex);
System.out.println("in?testControllerAdvice");????????return?mv;
}
}
3.另一種處理全局異常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
error
error是出錯頁面
十五、設置一個自定義攔截器
1.創(chuàng)建一個MyInterceptor類，并實現(xiàn)HandlerInterceptor接口
public?class?MyInterceptor?implements?HandlerInterceptor?{
@Override????public?void?afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest?arg0,
HttpServletResponse?arg1,?Object?arg2,?Exception?arg3)????????????throws?Exception?{
System.out.println("afterCompletion");
}
@Override????public?void?postHandle(HttpServletRequest?arg0,?HttpServletResponse?arg1,
Object?arg2,?ModelAndView?arg3)?throws?Exception?{
System.out.println("postHandle");
}
@Override????public?boolean?preHandle(HttpServletRequest?arg0,?HttpServletResponse?arg1,
Object?arg2)?throws?Exception?{
System.out.println("preHandle");????????return?true;
}
}
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
3.攔截器執(zhí)行順序
十六、表單的驗證（使用Hibernate-validate）及國際化
1.導入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未選中不用導入)
2.編寫實體類User并加上驗證注解
public?class?User?{????public?int?getId()?{????????return?id;
}????public?void?setId(int?id)?{????????this.id?=?id;
}????public?String?getName()?{????????return?name;
}????public?void?setName(String?name)?{????????this.name?=?name;
}????public?Date?getBirth()?{????????return?birth;
}????public?void?setBirth(Date?birth)?{????????this.birth?=?birth;
}
@Override????public?String?toString()?{????????return?"User?[id="?+?id?+?",?name="?+?name?+?",?birth="?+?birth?+?"]";
}
private?int?id;
@NotEmpty????private?String?name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")????private?Date?birth;
}
ps:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單
id:
name:
birth:
ps:path對應name
4.Controller中代碼
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/form")public?class?formController?{
@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public?String?add(@Valid?User?u,BindingResult?br){????????if(br.getErrorCount()>0){
return?"addUser";
}????????return?"showUser";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)????public?String?add(Map?map){
map.put("user",new?User());????????return?"addUser";
}
}
ps:
1.因為jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性，所以必須在request域中有一個"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在實體上標記的注解驗證參數(shù)
3.返回到原頁面錯誤信息回回顯，表單也會回顯
5.錯誤信息自定義
在src目錄下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name?can't?not?be?empty
Past.user.birth=birth?should?be?a?past?value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the?format?of?input?is?wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the?format?of?input?is?wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the?format?of?input?is?wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
6.國際化顯示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=賬號
password=密碼
locale.properties中添加
username=user?name
password=password
創(chuàng)建一個locale.jsp
在SpringMVC中配置
讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問
最后，訪問locale.jsp，切換瀏覽器語言，能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了
十七、壓軸大戲--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.創(chuàng)建一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來演示整合，并創(chuàng)建各類
2.User實體類
public?class?User?{????public?int?getId()?{????????return?id;
}????public?void?setId(int?id)?{????????this.id?=?id;
}????public?String?getName()?{????????return?name;
}????public?void?setName(String?name)?{????????this.name?=?name;
}????public?Date?getBirth()?{????????return?birth;
}????public?void?setBirth(Date?birth)?{????????this.birth?=?birth;
}
@Override????public?String?toString()?{????????return?"User?[id="?+?id?+?",?name="?+?name?+?",?birth="?+?birth?+?"]";
}
private?int?id;
@NotEmpty????private?String?name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")????private?Date?birth;
}
3.UserService類
"UserService?Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n"?"save"
4.UserController
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/integrate")public?class?UserController?{
@Autowired????private?UserService?userService;
@RequestMapping("/user")????public?String?saveUser(@RequestBody?@ModelAttribute?User?u){
System.out.println(u);
userService.save();????????return?"hello";
}
}
5.Spring配置文件
在src目錄下創(chuàng)建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
>
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
在Web.xml中添加配置
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
contextConfigLocation
classpath:applicationContext.xml
6.在SpringMVC中進行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個對象的管理重合
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
十八、SpringMVC詳細運行流程圖
十九、SpringMVC運行原理
1. 客戶端請求提交到DispatcherServlet
2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器查詢一個或多個HandlerMapping，找到處理請求的Controller
3. DispatcherServlet將請求提交到Controller
4. Controller調(diào)用業(yè)務邏輯處理后，返回ModelAndView
5. DispatcherServlet查詢一個或多個ViewResoler視圖解析器，找到ModelAndView指定的視圖
6. 視圖負責將結果顯示到客戶端
二十、SpringMVC與struts2的區(qū)別
1、springmvc基于方法開發(fā)的，struts2基于類開發(fā)的。springmvc將url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一個Handler對象，對象中只包括了一個method。方法執(zhí)行結束，形參數(shù)據(jù)銷毀。springmvc的controller開發(fā)類似web service開發(fā)。
2、springmvc可以進行單例開發(fā)，并且建議使用單例開發(fā)，struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數(shù)，無法使用單例，只能使用多例。
3、經(jīng)過實際測試，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts標簽，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。
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