前言
在我們平時日常開發(fā)中,經(jīng)常會遇到各種樣式的彈框。你是否也經(jīng)常遇到呢?你是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的?
本文介紹使用UIPresentationController,結(jié)合自定義轉(zhuǎn)場動效,實(shí)現(xiàn)一個高度自定義的彈框,這也是蘋果比較推薦的一種實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。
預(yù)備知識
開始之前,我們要了解下幾個知識點(diǎn):
UIPresentationControllerUIViewControllerTransitioningDelegateUIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning
1、UIPresentationController是什么?官方文檔中介紹如下:
An object that manages the transition animations and the presentation of view controllers onscreen.
簡單來說,它可以管理轉(zhuǎn)場動畫和模態(tài)出來的窗口控制器。詳細(xì)信息可以參考:UIPresentationController文檔
2、UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate定義了轉(zhuǎn)場代理方法,可以指定Presented和Dismissed動畫,以及UIPresentationController。
3、UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning就是轉(zhuǎn)場動畫協(xié)議,我們可以遵守該協(xié)議,實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)場動畫。
實(shí)現(xiàn)
1、自定義UIPresentationController,并實(shí)現(xiàn)相應(yīng)方法
struct ZCXPopup {}
extension ZCXPopup {
class PresentationController: UIPresentationController {
override func presentationTransitionWillBegin() {
guard let containerView else { return }
dimmingView.frame = containerView.bounds
dimmingView.alpha = 0.0
containerView.insertSubview(dimmingView, at: 0)
// 背景蒙層淡入動畫
presentedViewController.transitionCoordinator?.animate { _ in
self.dimmingView.alpha = 1.0
}
}
override func dismissalTransitionWillBegin() {
// 背景蒙層淡出動畫,以及移除操作
presentedViewController.transitionCoordinator?.animate(alongsideTransition: { _ in
self.dimmingView.alpha = 0.0
}, completion: { _ in
self.dimmingView.removeFromSuperview()
})
}
override var frameOfPresentedViewInContainerView: CGRect { UIScreen.main.bounds }
override func containerViewWillLayoutSubviews() {
guard let containerView else { return }
dimmingView.frame = containerView.bounds
guard let presentedView else { return }
presentedView.frame = frameOfPresentedViewInContainerView
}
// MARK: -
/// 背景蒙層
private lazy var dimmingView: UIView = {
let view = UIView()
view.backgroundColor = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(0.5)
return view
}()
}
}
代碼比較簡單,主要的工作就是添加了一個背景蒙層,以及蒙層的動畫交互處理,加上子視圖尺寸的控制。
注:上面的
ZCXPopup結(jié)構(gòu)體沒有實(shí)際作用,僅僅是為了區(qū)分命名空間。
2、UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning實(shí)現(xiàn)類實(shí)現(xiàn)
extension ZCXPopup {
class TransitionAnimator: NSObject, UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning {
private var isOpen: Bool = false
convenience init(isOpen: Bool = false) {
self.init()
self.isOpen = isOpen
}
func transitionDuration(using transitionContext: UIViewControllerContextTransitioning?) -> TimeInterval {
transitionContext?.isAnimated == true ? 0.5 : 0
}
func animateTransition(using transitionContext: UIViewControllerContextTransitioning) {
guard let fromView = transitionContext.viewController(forKey: .from)?.view else { return }
guard let toView = transitionContext.viewController(forKey: .to)?.view else { return }
if isOpen {
transitionContext.containerView.addSubview(toView)
toView.transform = .init(scaleX: 0.7, y: 0.7)
toView.alpha = 0
}
UIView.animate(
withDuration: transitionDuration(using: transitionContext),
delay: 0,
usingSpringWithDamping: 0.7,
initialSpringVelocity: 0.7,
options: []) {
if self.isOpen {
toView.transform = .identity
toView.alpha = 1
} else {
fromView.transform = .init(scaleX: 0.7, y: 0.7)
fromView.alpha = 0
}
} completion: { _ in
let wasCancelled = transitionContext.transitionWasCancelled
transitionContext.completeTransition(!wasCancelled)
}
}
}
}
這個實(shí)現(xiàn)類的內(nèi)容也較簡單,主要是設(shè)置轉(zhuǎn)場動畫時長,以及實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)場動畫,轉(zhuǎn)場動畫分為進(jìn)場(present)和出場(dismiss)動畫。
3、UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate實(shí)現(xiàn)類實(shí)現(xiàn)
extension ZCXPopup {
class TransitioningDelegate: NSObject, UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate {
func presentationController(
forPresented presented: UIViewController,
presenting: UIViewController?,
source: UIViewController
) -> UIPresentationController? {
PresentationController(presentedViewController: presented, presenting: presenting)
}
func animationController(
forPresented presented: UIViewController,
presenting: UIViewController,
source: UIViewController
) -> UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning? {
TransitionAnimator(isOpen: true)
}
func animationController(
forDismissed dismissed: UIViewController
) -> UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning? {
TransitionAnimator(isOpen: false)
}
}
}
在該實(shí)現(xiàn)類中,實(shí)現(xiàn)代理方法,分別返回自定義的PresentationController和TransitionAnimator即可。
4、為控制器增加一個擴(kuò)展,方便使用彈框交互
extension UIViewController {
/// 轉(zhuǎn)場類型,方便后續(xù)擴(kuò)展
@objc public enum TransitioningType: Int {
case none = 0
case popup = 1
}
/// 設(shè)置轉(zhuǎn)場類型
@objc public var transitioningType: TransitioningType {
get { getAssociatedObject() as? TransitioningType ?? .none }
set {
if newValue == .popup {
transitioningDelegate = self.popupTransitioningDelegate
modalPresentationStyle = .custom
}
setAssociatedObject(newValue)
}
}
/// transitioningDelegate 實(shí)現(xiàn)類,需要被持有
private var popupTransitioningDelegate: ZCXPopup.TransitioningDelegate {
lazyVarAssociatedObject { ZCXPopup.TransitioningDelegate() }
}
}
到這里,一個輕量級的彈窗管理就封裝好了。我們就可以給任意一個控制器加上這個交互。
自定義彈框
上面只是封裝了彈框的交互,那么我們要怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)一個彈框呢?
很簡單,具體來說就是,創(chuàng)建一個控制器,將其view設(shè)置成透明,然后在其中間加上彈框內(nèi)容視圖contentView。然后,設(shè)置控制器的transitioningType = .popup,使用present方式打開即可。
這里大家可能會問,為什么不直接修改控制器的
preferredContentSize,而是弄了一個背景透明的全屏控制器。這個問題非常好,歡迎留言討論。
設(shè)置轉(zhuǎn)場類型和打開彈框:
@IBAction func showPopup(_ sender: Any) {
let sb = UIStoryboard(name: "DemoViewController", bundle: nil)
guard let controller = sb.instantiateInitialViewController() else { return }
controller.transitioningType = .popup
present(controller, animated: true)
}
關(guān)閉彈框:
class DemoViewController: UIViewController {
@IBAction func dismiss(_ sender: Any) {
dismiss(animated: true)
}
}

總結(jié)
上述方法,可以將彈框的交互獨(dú)立封裝出來,具體的業(yè)務(wù)彈框只需要實(shí)現(xiàn)好UI和交互事件,以及相應(yīng)功能即可,彈框的打開和關(guān)閉,使用present和dismiss即可。
可以看到,彈框交互和業(yè)務(wù)可以完全解耦,這也是能做到彈框的高度可定制的核心。我們可以將這個交互沉淀到基礎(chǔ)庫,用來規(guī)范項目中彈框的統(tǒng)一交互。
思考題
點(diǎn)擊彈框空白區(qū)域關(guān)閉彈框,這個處理放在哪里實(shí)現(xiàn)更合適?歡迎留言討論。
源碼
參考
UIPresentationController
UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning
UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate