1. 目的
本文將對流程在activiti中是怎么運(yùn)行的,任務(wù)是怎樣推動的進(jìn)行講解。
主要包括以下內(nèi)容:
- PVM中怎么表示流程、任務(wù)、連接線,它和activiti的Model怎樣轉(zhuǎn)換的。
啟動流程實(shí)例,怎么從開始節(jié)點(diǎn)流轉(zhuǎn)到下一個節(jié)點(diǎn)。
怎樣監(jiān)聽流程事件。
2. 主要的jar包和java類
pvm的實(shí)現(xiàn)在包org.activiti.engine.impl.pvm中,我通過源碼跟蹤、閱讀,分析出PVM有以下重要的類:
| class | 功能 |
|---|---|
| ProcessDefinitionImpl | 流程定義 |
| ExecutionEntity | 管理流程的運(yùn)行 |
| ActivityImpl | 流程節(jié)點(diǎn)的定義 |
| AtomicOperation | 流程運(yùn)行方法,如: AtomicOperationActivityStart(流程啟動), AtomicOperationActivityEnd(流程結(jié)束) |
| ActivityBehavior | 委托 |
2.1 在哪定義的
2.1.1 ProcessDefinitionImpl
ProcessDefinitionImpl是PVM對整個流程定義。通過ProcessDefinitionImpl.createProcessInstance可以得到流程實(shí)例管理接口PvmProcessInstance。ProcessDefinitionImpl的代碼片段如下:
public class ProcessDefinitionImpl extends ScopeImpl implements PvmProcessDefinition {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected String name;
protected String key;
protected String description;
protected ActivityImpl initial;
protected Map<ActivityImpl, List<ActivityImpl>> initialActivityStacks = new HashMap<ActivityImpl, List<ActivityImpl>>();
protected List<LaneSet> laneSets;
protected ParticipantProcess participantProcess;
public ProcessDefinitionImpl(String id) {
super(id, null);
processDefinition = this;
}
public PvmProcessInstance createProcessInstance() {
if(initial == null) {
throw new ActivitiException("Process '"+name+"' has no default start activity (e.g. none start event), hence you cannot use 'startProcessInstanceBy...' but have to start it using one of the modeled start events (e.g. message start events).");
}
return createProcessInstanceForInitial(initial);
}
...
}
2.1.2 ExecutionEntity
ExecutionEntity實(shí)現(xiàn)了接口ActivityExecution,ActivityExecution是流程運(yùn)行管理接口。ExecutionEntity提供的功能如下:
- 啟動、結(jié)束、銷毀流程。
- 對流程元素
ActivityImpl的管理(添加刪除修改父節(jié)點(diǎn)、實(shí)例ID、任務(wù)等)。
ExecutionEntity里幾個重要的方法:
-
initialize()里面初始化task、job、variable、event。
start()是流程啟動方法。performOperation()是流程執(zhí)行方法,流程的推動都調(diào)用performOperation()。
2.1.3 ActivityImpl
ActivityImpl表示單個流程元素,比如任務(wù)、開始節(jié)點(diǎn)、連接線、網(wǎng)關(guān)等。它的屬性包括:variables、activityBehavior、incomingTransitions、outgoingTransitions以及元素界面位置等。ActivityImpl的類圖如下:

ActivityImpl是活動節(jié)點(diǎn),在流程圖上對應(yīng)開始節(jié)點(diǎn)、結(jié)束節(jié)點(diǎn)、各種任務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)。TransitionImpl是連接線。ProcessDefinitionImpl是整個的定義,類圖中未畫。類ProcessElementImpl里面有ProcessDefinitionImpl屬性。
2.1.4 AtomicOperation
AtomicOperation是流程執(zhí)行的接口,比如流程啟動,流程結(jié)束,任務(wù)啟動,任務(wù)執(zhí)行,任務(wù)結(jié)束等。AtomicOperation中枚舉了所有流程執(zhí)行方法,AtomicOperation的代碼如下:
public interface AtomicOperation {
AtomicOperation PROCESS_START = new AtomicOperationProcessStart();
AtomicOperation PROCESS_START_INITIAL = new AtomicOperationProcessStartInitial();
AtomicOperation PROCESS_END = new AtomicOperationProcessEnd();
AtomicOperation ACTIVITY_START = new AtomicOperationActivityStart();
AtomicOperation ACTIVITY_EXECUTE = new AtomicOperationActivityExecute();
AtomicOperation ACTIVITY_END = new AtomicOperationActivityEnd();
AtomicOperation TRANSITION_NOTIFY_LISTENER_END = new AtomicOperationTransitionNotifyListenerEnd();
AtomicOperation TRANSITION_DESTROY_SCOPE = new AtomicOperationTransitionDestroyScope();
AtomicOperation TRANSITION_NOTIFY_LISTENER_TAKE = new AtomicOperationTransitionNotifyListenerTake();
AtomicOperation TRANSITION_CREATE_SCOPE = new AtomicOperationTransitionCreateScope();
AtomicOperation TRANSITION_NOTIFY_LISTENER_START = new AtomicOperationTransitionNotifyListenerStart();
AtomicOperation DELETE_CASCADE = new AtomicOperationDeleteCascade();
AtomicOperation DELETE_CASCADE_FIRE_ACTIVITY_END = new AtomicOperationDeleteCascadeFireActivityEnd();
void execute(InterpretableExecution execution);
boolean isAsync(InterpretableExecution execution);
}
2.1.5 ActivityBehavior
ActivityBehavior是委托接口。AtomicOperation執(zhí)行過程中會調(diào)用ActivityBehavior。ActivityBehavior定義了execute方法,入?yún)㈩愋蜑?a href="#212-executionentity" target="_blank">ActivityExecution,ActivityBehavior的代碼如下:
public interface ActivityBehavior extends Serializable {
void execute(ActivityExecution execution) throws Exception;
}
2.2 模塊之間調(diào)用順序
下面用RuntimeServiceImpl.startProcessInstanceById()啟動一個流程,說明PVM的調(diào)用順序。流程圖如下:

2.2.1 從activiti調(diào)用PVM
RuntimeServiceImpl.startProcessInstanceById()通過命令模式調(diào)用了方法StartProcessInstanceCmd.execute(),StartProcessInstanceCmd實(shí)現(xiàn)了以下功能:
- 從數(shù)據(jù)庫獲取
ProcessDefinitionEntity(ProcessDefinitionEntity是流程對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)體,同時繼承ProcessDefinitionImpl)。
通過方法
ProcessDefinitionEntity.createProcessInstance獲得ExecutionEntity。調(diào)用
ExecutionEntity.start()啟動流程。
2.2.2 ExecutionEntity調(diào)用AtomicOperation
<a id="start"></a>
StartProcessInstanceCmd調(diào)用了ExecutionEntity.start()就完了,任務(wù)怎么生成的??隙ㄔ?code>ExecutionEntity.start()里。ExecutionEntity.start()的代碼如下:
public void start() {
if(startingExecution == null && isProcessInstanceType()) {
startingExecution = new StartingExecution(processDefinition.getInitial());
}
performOperation(AtomicOperation.PROCESS_START);
}
ExecutionEntity.start()里面調(diào)用了performOperation,performOperation又對同步執(zhí)行和異步執(zhí)行進(jìn)行了拆分,這里只看同步執(zhí)行的代碼:
// activiti里面到處都是`CommandContext`
protected void performOperationSync(AtomicOperation executionOperation) {
Context
.getCommandContext()
.performOperation(executionOperation, this);
}
Context.getCommandContext().performOperation里面調(diào)用了executionOperation.execute()。Context里對線程之間的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了隔離,但performOperation對并發(fā)調(diào)用的判斷是多余的。一次部署過程需要調(diào)用10多次performOperation,很有必要看看代碼長什么樣,Context.getCommandContext().performOperation的代碼如下:
public void performOperation(AtomicOperation executionOperation, InterpretableExecution execution) {
nextOperations.add(executionOperation);
if (nextOperations.size()==1) {
try {
Context.setExecutionContext(execution);
while (!nextOperations.isEmpty()) {
AtomicOperation currentOperation = nextOperations.removeFirst();
if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
log.trace("AtomicOperation: {} on {}", currentOperation, this);
}
if (execution.getReplacedBy() == null) {
currentOperation.execute(execution);
} else {
currentOperation.execute(execution.getReplacedBy());
}
}
} finally {
Context.removeExecutionContext();
}
}
}
2.2.3 AtomicOperation執(zhí)行順序
繞了一大圈,ExecutionEntity.start()真正調(diào)用了AtomicOperation.PROCESS_START(AtomicOperation.PROCESS_START = new AtomicOperationProcessStart())。AtomicOperationProcessStart實(shí)現(xiàn)了以下功能:
- 觸發(fā)listener、event。
設(shè)置流程運(yùn)行節(jié)點(diǎn)為開始節(jié)點(diǎn)。
調(diào)用
AtomicOperation.PROCESS_START_INITIAL
AtomicOperationProcessStart的代碼片段如下:
@Override
protected void eventNotificationsCompleted(InterpretableExecution execution) {
if(Context.getProcessEngineConfiguration() != null && Context.getProcessEngineConfiguration().getEventDispatcher().isEnabled()) {
Map<String, Object> variablesMap = null;
try {
variablesMap = execution.getVariables();
} catch (Throwable t) {
// In some rare cases getting the execution variables can fail (JPA entity load failure for example)
// We ignore the exception here, because it's only meant to include variables in the initialized event.
}
Context.getProcessEngineConfiguration().getEventDispatcher().dispatchEvent(
ActivitiEventBuilder.createEntityWithVariablesEvent(ActivitiEventType.ENTITY_INITIALIZED,
execution, variablesMap, false));
}
ProcessDefinitionImpl processDefinition = execution.getProcessDefinition();
StartingExecution startingExecution = execution.getStartingExecution();
List<ActivityImpl> initialActivityStack = processDefinition.getInitialActivityStack(startingExecution.getInitial());
execution.setActivity(initialActivityStack.get(0)); // 當(dāng)前流程執(zhí)行節(jié)點(diǎn)就通過execution.setActivity設(shè)置了
execution.performOperation(PROCESS_START_INITIAL); // 當(dāng)前操作完成之后,進(jìn)行下個操作就調(diào)用execution.performOperation
}
AtomicOperation.PROCESS_START_INITIAL里面又調(diào)用了AtomicOperation.ACTIVITY_EXECUTE,經(jīng)過多次調(diào)用不同的AtomicOperation接口,完成流程實(shí)例的創(chuàng)建。
對于示例流程圖,從開始節(jié)點(diǎn)到用戶任務(wù)的調(diào)用AtomicOperation順序如下:
PROCESS_START
PROCESS_START_INITIAL
ACTIVITY_EXECUTE
TRANSITION_NOTIFY_LISTENER_END
TRANSITION_DESTROY_SCOPE
TRANSITION_NOTIFY_LISTENER_TAKE
TRANSITION_CREATE_SCOPE
TRANSITION_NOTIFY_LISTENER_START
ACTIVITY_EXECUTE
2.2.4 Task節(jié)點(diǎn)多久持久化到數(shù)據(jù)庫的
用戶任務(wù)對應(yīng)的ActivityImpl上綁定了UserTaskActivityBehavior,UserTaskActivityBehavior中對任務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了持久化處理。
用戶任務(wù)執(zhí)行ACTIVITY_EXECUTE操作的時候,會觸發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)上綁定的Behavior。
3. 看后感
- 接口定義到處都是,對于后期擴(kuò)展是有好處的,關(guān)鍵代碼要找好久。
PVM的
AtomicOperation很適合用命令模式,為什么要用委托的方式。AtomicOperation的調(diào)用棧太深了。CommandContext到處都是。