服務(wù)器或PC一般都擁有多個網(wǎng)卡,每個網(wǎng)卡擁有一個IP地址,但并不是所有的IP地址能被外部或局域網(wǎng)訪問,比如說虛擬機網(wǎng)卡地址等等。也就是說
InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()的IP不一定是正確的IP。本文介紹兩種方式,可以在絕對部分場景下獲取到想要的IP地址。
通過過濾獲取IP地址
過濾回環(huán)網(wǎng)卡、點對點網(wǎng)卡、非活動網(wǎng)卡、虛擬網(wǎng)卡并要求網(wǎng)卡名字是eth或ens開頭;再過濾回環(huán)地址,并要求是內(nèi)網(wǎng)地址(非外網(wǎng))
public static List<Inet4Address> getLocalIp4AddressFromNetworkInterface() throws SocketException {
List<Inet4Address> addresses = new ArrayList<>(1);
Enumeration e = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
if (e == null) {
return addresses;
}
while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
NetworkInterface n = (NetworkInterface) e.nextElement();
if (!isValidInterface(n)) {
continue;
}
Enumeration ee = n.getInetAddresses();
while (ee.hasMoreElements()) {
InetAddress i = (InetAddress) ee.nextElement();
if (isValidAddress(i)) {
addresses.add((Inet4Address) i);
}
}
}
return addresses;
}
/**
* 過濾回環(huán)網(wǎng)卡、點對點網(wǎng)卡、非活動網(wǎng)卡、虛擬網(wǎng)卡并要求網(wǎng)卡名字是eth或ens開頭
*
* @param ni 網(wǎng)卡
* @return 如果滿足要求則true,否則false
*/
private static boolean isValidInterface(NetworkInterface ni) throws SocketException {
return !ni.isLoopback() && !ni.isPointToPoint() && ni.isUp() && !ni.isVirtual()
&& (ni.getName().startsWith("eth") || ni.getName().startsWith("ens"));
}
/**
* 判斷是否是IPv4,并且內(nèi)網(wǎng)地址并過濾回環(huán)地址.
*/
private static boolean isValidAddress(InetAddress address) {
return address instanceof Inet4Address && address.isSiteLocalAddress() && !address.isLoopbackAddress();
}
通過訪問外網(wǎng)
當有多個網(wǎng)卡的時候,使用這種方式一般都可以得到想要的IP。甚至不要求外網(wǎng)地址8.8.8.8是可連通的。
private static Optional<Inet4Address> getIpBySocket() throws SocketException {
try (final DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket()) {
socket.connect(InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8"), 10002);
if (socket.getLocalAddress() instanceof Inet4Address) {
return Optional.of((Inet4Address) socket.getLocalAddress());
}
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return Optional.empty();
}
綜合
在實際使用中,為了兼容更多的場景,項目中一般兼容了以上兩種方式。
public static Optional<Inet4Address> getLocalIp4Address() throws SocketException {
final List<Inet4Address> ipByNi = getLocalIp4AddressFromNetworkInterface();
if (ipByNi.isEmpty() || ipByNi.size() > 1) {
final Optional<Inet4Address> ipBySocketOpt = getIpBySocket();
if (ipBySocketOpt.isPresent()) {
return ipBySocketOpt;
} else {
return ipByNi.isEmpty() ? Optional.empty() : Optional.of(ipByNi.get(0));
}
}
return Optional.of(ipByNi.get(0));
}