繼承關(guān)系
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
public abstract class AbstractList<E> extends AbstractCollection<E> implements List<E>
public abstract class AbstractCollection<E> implements Collection<E>
RandomAccess
public interface RandomAccess {
}
一個空接口,起到一個標(biāo)記的作用,有此接口的集合,通過下標(biāo)來獲取元素的速度比Iterator遍歷器快
成員變量
1.默認(rèn)數(shù)組容量
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
2.默認(rèn)空數(shù)組
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
3.底層數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)是數(shù)組
transient Object[] elementData;
數(shù)組類型是object,transient表示該數(shù)組不能被序列化
4.數(shù)組中的元素個數(shù)
private int size;
關(guān)鍵方法
1.構(gòu)造方法
//構(gòu)造方法1
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity > 0) {
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
}
}
//構(gòu)造方法2
public ArrayList() {
this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
//構(gòu)造方法3
public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
elementData = c.toArray();
if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
} else {
// replace with empty array.
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
}
構(gòu)造方法1
根據(jù)指定容量,創(chuàng)建一個對象數(shù)組
構(gòu)造方法2
初始化一個空對象數(shù)組
構(gòu)造方法3
創(chuàng)建一個和指定集合一樣的對象數(shù)組
2.添加元素
//在末尾添加元素
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
//在指定位置添加元素
public void add(int index, E element) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
size - index);
elementData[index] = element;
size++;
}
//在末尾添加一個集合
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
//在指定位置添加一個集合
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount
int numMoved = size - index;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew,
numMoved);
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
分析
在指定位置添加元素的時候會調(diào)用rangeCheckForAdd方法
//要求0<=index<=size,否則拋異常
private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
if (index > size || index < 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
無論是哪個add方法,都必調(diào)用ensureCapacityInternal方法
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
如果數(shù)組是空數(shù)組,則minCapacity==10,這就是為什么在調(diào)用ArrayList的空構(gòu)造方法時,默認(rèn)容量是10的原因了。
該方法會調(diào)用ensureExplicitCapacity方法
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
modCount記錄ArrayList的修改次數(shù)
當(dāng)容量不能達(dá)到minCapacity時,會調(diào)用grow方法增加容量
這個minCapacity的值,對于add來說是size+1,對于addAll來說是size+要添加的集合的size
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
新的容量首先擴張為舊容量的1.5倍
如果擴充后的容量仍然小于minCapacity,則新的容量擴充為minCapacity
如果新的容量超過最大容量,則調(diào)用hugeCapacity方法
private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
throw new OutOfMemoryError();
return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
Integer.MAX_VALUE :
MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}
從這里可以看出ArrayList的最大容易是 Integer.MAX_VALUE,而不是 Integer.MAX_VALUE-8
當(dāng)新的容量計算好之后,就之前的數(shù)組中的元素一一復(fù)制到新容量的數(shù)組里面。
3.數(shù)組擴容
public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
int minExpand = (elementData != DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA)
// any size if not default element table
? 0
// larger than default for default empty table. It's already
// supposed to be at default size.
: DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
if (minCapacity > minExpand) {
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
}
我們知道數(shù)組在擴容過程中,需要數(shù)組的復(fù)制操作,這個挺耗時的,為了減少擴容的操作,可以直接調(diào)用該方法,直接指定數(shù)組的容量。但缺點就是浪費內(nèi)存。
4. 刪除元素
//刪除指定位置上的元素
public E remove(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
modCount++;
E oldValue = elementData(index);
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
return oldValue;
}
//刪除指定元素
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (elementData[index] == null) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
} else {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
//把公共代碼提出來了,沒看出哪里快了
private void fastRemove(int index) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
}
public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
Objects.requireNonNull(c);
return batchRemove(c, false);
}
public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
Objects.requireNonNull(c);
return batchRemove(c, true);
}
//complement為ture,保留公共元素,為false,去除本集合中和指定集合一樣的元素
private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) {
final Object[] elementData = this.elementData;
int r = 0, w = 0;
boolean modified = false;
try {
for (; r < size; r++)
if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)
elementData[w++] = elementData[r];
} finally {
// Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection,
// even if c.contains() throws.
if (r != size) {
System.arraycopy(elementData, r,
elementData, w,
size - r);
w += size - r;
}
if (w != size) {
// clear to let GC do its work
for (int i = w; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
modCount += size - w;
size = w;
modified = true;
}
}
return modified;
}
分析
刪除操作,會先計算出要刪除元素的位置,然后將該位置后面的元素統(tǒng)一像前移動一位,同時size-1
刪除操作不會改變數(shù)組的容量
5.修改,查詢元素
//修改指定位置的元素,并返回該位置之前的元素
public E set(int index, E element) {
rangeCheck(index);
E oldValue = elementData(index);
elementData[index] = element;
return oldValue;
}
//根據(jù)下標(biāo)獲取元素
public E get(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
return elementData(index);
}
其他方法就不一一說明了
總結(jié)
ArrayList是一個動態(tài)可擴容的數(shù)組
當(dāng)通過空構(gòu)造函數(shù)創(chuàng)建ArrayList時,默認(rèn)容量為10