數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)常用語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)常用語(yǔ)法詳解#

一、寫(xiě)sql思路:

1.select(列名);展現(xiàn)字段。

2.from 表名;查詢(xún)字段在哪些表。

3.where 篩選(行);多表關(guān)聯(lián)、字段約束。

4.group by 分組;聚合函數(shù)。

5.having 分組后的過(guò)濾;對(duì)聚合函數(shù)結(jié)果約束。

6.order by/desc;升序/降序。

7.distinct;去重。 select distinct column_name 1,column_name 2 from table_name ;

二、基本語(yǔ)法##

1. limitrownum ---限定行數(shù)

1.1 查詢(xún)前n行數(shù)據(jù)。

select * from student limit n;

1.2 查詢(xún)表中的n-m行。

select * from student limit n,m ;

1.3:查詢(xún)t_account表中第20-100行的姓名(分頁(yè)查詢(xún))###

select * from(select t.name,rownum rm from t_account t where rownum <= 100)where rm >=20;

2. order by ---分組

2.1 按照姓名,年齡排序。

select * from student order by Name,Age ;

3. show ---展現(xiàn)表

show student ;

4. in/not in ---行中包含/不包含的字段

select * from student t where name in('張三','李四');

5. concat ---展示以‘逗號(hào)’連接的列名

select concat (FirstName, ' , ' ,City) from customers ;

6. as ---后面跟表別名,有時(shí)可省略

select concat (FirstName, ' , ' ,City) as new_column from customers ;

7. + - * / ---加減乘除(可直接對(duì)列做運(yùn)算)

select ID , FirstName , LastName ,Salary + 500 as Salary from Employees ;

8. sqrt /avgsum---平方根/平均數(shù)/總和

select Salary,sqrt(Salary) from employees ;

9. upper / lower---展現(xiàn)大/小寫(xiě)字母的列名

select FirstName , upper(LastName) as LastName from enployees ;

10. Sbuquerise ---子查詢(xún)

select FirstName,Salary from employees where Salary >(select avg(Salary) from employees) order by Salary desc ;

11. like% ---模糊查詢(xún)

查詢(xún)姓名以A開(kāi)頭的人。

select * from employess where FirstName like 'A%' ;

12. min ---最小值

select name,min(cost) from items where name like '%boxes of frogs' and seller_id in(68,6,18) ;

13. joining tables ---表關(guān)聯(lián)

select customer.ID , customers.Name , orders.Name ,oders.Amount from customers,oders where customers.ID = oders.Coustomer_ID order by customers.ID ;

14. inner join/left join/right join ---內(nèi)/左/右

15. unionunion all ---將表合在一起并去重/不去重

select column_name(s) from table1 union select column_name(s) from table2 ;

三、數(shù)據(jù)的增刪改##

增:###

insert into 表名(列名1,列名2) values(值1,值2)`;

刪:###

delect 表名 where 篩選條件;也可以直接delect 表名 ;

改:###

update 表名 set 更新后的列名1=更新后的值1,更新后的列名2=更新后的值2 where 篩選條件;

例:####

update Employees set Salary = 5000 , FirstName = 'Robert' where ID = 1 ;

四、表的增刪改##

增:###

creat table Users (

   UsersID int,
 
   FirstName varchar(100)     

);

刪:###

drop table 表名;

改:###

after table 表名 modify 字段名 字段類(lèi)型;

1.Data types###

Numeric

int(整數(shù))\ float(小數(shù))\ double(小數(shù))

1.1 Date and Time

date(YYYY-MM-DD)

time(HH:MM:SS)

datetime(YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS)

timestamp(mindnight,January 1,1970)

1.2 String

char

varchar

blob -

text

1.3 Primary Key

creat table Users(

   UserID int,
   
   FirstName varchar(100),
   
   primary key (UserID)  

);

五、Alter,Drop,Rename a Table##

People

ID FirstName LastName City
1 John Smith New York
2 David Williams Los Angeles
3 Chloe Anderson Chicago
alter table People add DateOfBirth date ;
ID FirstName LastName City DateOfBirth
1 John Smith New York NULL
2 David Williams Los Angeles NULL
3 Chloe Anderson Chicago NULL
alter table People drop column DateOfBirth ;
ID FirstName LastName City
1 John Smith New York
2 David Williams Los Angeles
3 Chloe Anderson Chicago
drop table People ;(刪除表)
alter table People change Firstname name varchar(100) ;(更新表名)
ID name LastName City
1 John Smith New York
2 David Williams Los Angeles
3 Chloe Anderson Chicago

六、View

FirstName LastName Age Salary
1 Emily Adams 34
2 Chloe Anderson 27
3 Daniel Harris 30
create views List as select FirstName,Salary from Employees ;
FirstName Salary
Emily 5000
Chloe 10000
Daniel 6500
create or replace view List as select FirstName,LastName,Salary from Employees ;

FirstName|LastName|Salary
---|---|---|---
Emily|Adams|5000
Chloe|Anderson|10000
Daniel|Harris|6500

drop view List ;(刪除)

七、日期函數(shù)##

函數(shù)名 語(yǔ)法 描述
sysdate sysdate 當(dāng)前時(shí)間
last_day last_day(sysdate) 本月最后一天
add_months add_months(日期,n) 推后n個(gè)月
to_char to_char(日期,格式)
to_date to_date(時(shí)間字符串,時(shí)間格式)

例1:查詢(xún)出生日期為“1988—09-15”的客戶###

1.select * from t_customer where t.birthday = to_date('1988-09-15',yyyy-MM-dd) ;

2.select * from t_customer where to_char(t.birthday,'yyyy-MM-dd') = '1988-09-15' ;

八、索引(index)

九、存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程(procedure)##

十、游標(biāo)(cursor)

最后編輯于
?著作權(quán)歸作者所有,轉(zhuǎn)載或內(nèi)容合作請(qǐng)聯(lián)系作者
【社區(qū)內(nèi)容提示】社區(qū)部分內(nèi)容疑似由AI輔助生成,瀏覽時(shí)請(qǐng)結(jié)合常識(shí)與多方信息審慎甄別。
平臺(tái)聲明:文章內(nèi)容(如有圖片或視頻亦包括在內(nèi))由作者上傳并發(fā)布,文章內(nèi)容僅代表作者本人觀點(diǎn),簡(jiǎn)書(shū)系信息發(fā)布平臺(tái),僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)服務(wù)。

相關(guān)閱讀更多精彩內(nèi)容

友情鏈接更多精彩內(nèi)容