一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)url終止符/單表數(shù)據(jù)的三種方式
- url后加終止符防止正則匹配的唯一性
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from cm import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
#防止截胡
url(r'^business$',views.business),
]
- 獲取單表數(shù)據(jù)的三種方式
all / values / values_list
all相當(dāng)于select * from 表 返回的Queryset類(lèi)型，Queryset中包含的是表每一行返回的對(duì)象
# Queryset[obj(字段),obj,obj]
obj = models.表.objects.all()
#調(diào)用方法是循環(huán)出每個(gè)對(duì)象，調(diào)用他們的字段（屬性）
values相當(dāng)于select 字段 from 表 返回的Queryset類(lèi)型，Queryset中包含的是每一行數(shù)據(jù)字典的形式返回k代值字段，v代值數(shù)據(jù)
# Queryset[{caption:'測(cè)試'},{},{}]
#select caption from business
v = models.Business.objects.values('caption')
#調(diào)用循環(huán)出字典，使用字典.k 顯示v
values_list相當(dāng)于select 字段 from 表 返回的Queryset類(lèi)型，Queryset中包含的是每一行數(shù)據(jù)元組的形式返回字段數(shù)據(jù)
# Queryset[(1,運(yùn)維部),(),()]
vv = models.Business.objects.values_list('caption')
#調(diào)用的時(shí)候通過(guò)元組取值用腳標(biāo)的方法
- 獲取跨表數(shù)據(jù)非對(duì)象取值
兩個(gè)表關(guān)聯(lián)時(shí)，不用對(duì)象取值單一的取另一個(gè)表的字段時(shí)用__字段（雙下滑線加字段）
host 關(guān)聯(lián)business
#b__coption直接調(diào)用b對(duì)象的coption字段queryset[{'b__coption:值}]
#對(duì)應(yīng)在html調(diào)用時(shí).b__coptin
v = models.Host.objects.values('b__coption')
#被關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)象通過(guò)關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)象類(lèi)名__字段
v = models.Business.objects.filter(host__nid=1).values('caption')
二、練習(xí)
(1)、創(chuàng)建文件夾名為cm的app文件
python manage.py startapp cm
(2)、在setting.py配置
1、創(chuàng)建靜態(tài)文件，先創(chuàng)建static文件目錄，在setting.py中添加static路徑
STATICFILES_DIRS=(os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),)注：結(jié)尾逗號(hào)
2、加入cm模塊為了model.py的創(chuàng)建
INSTALLED_APPS = ['cm']
3、配置mysql連接
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'cmtest',
'USER':'root',
'PASSWORD':'root',
'HOST':'localhost',
'PORT':'3306',
}
}
(3)、 在__init__.py創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
(4)、創(chuàng)建models.py
知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
創(chuàng)建表時(shí)會(huì)默認(rèn)創(chuàng)建自增列id字段
創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)表的字段關(guān)系用ForeignKey
ForeignKey的變量名實(shí)際是關(guān)聯(lián)表的對(duì)象，實(shí)際字段是變量名_id
1.編寫(xiě)models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Business(models.Model):
#id不寫(xiě)默認(rèn)自增
caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Host(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32, db_index=True)
ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(db_index=True)
port = models.IntegerField()
b = models.ForeignKey('Business', to_field='id')
2.python manage.py makemigrations
3.python manage.py migrate
(5)編寫(xiě)url.py
知識(shí)點(diǎn)$終止符防止截胡
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from cm import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
#url 對(duì)應(yīng)函數(shù)跳轉(zhuǎn)
url(r'^business$',views.business),
]
(6)編寫(xiě)views
def business(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
# Queryset[obj(id,caption,code),obj,obj]
obj = models.Business.objects.all()
# Queryset[{caption:'測(cè)試'},{},{}]
#select caption from business
v = models.Business.objects.values('caption')
## Queryset[(1,運(yùn)維部),(),()]
vv = models.Business.objects.values_list('caption')
return render(request,'business.html',{'obj':obj,'obj1':v,'obj2':vv})
(7)編寫(xiě)templates
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>業(yè)務(wù)線</h1>
<ul>
{% for i in obj %}
<li>{{ i.id }}-{{ i.caption }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<h1>業(yè)務(wù)線字典</h1>
<ul>
{% for i in obj1 %}
<li>{{ i.caption }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<h1>業(yè)務(wù)線元組</h1>
<ul>
{% for i in obj2 %}
<li>{{ i.0 }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
(8)頁(yè)面效果展示
image.png
(9)頁(yè)面計(jì)數(shù)forloop
forloop.counter 從1開(kāi)始
forloop.counter0 從0開(kāi)始
forloop.recounter0 倒敘從0
forloop.recounter 倒敘
forloop.last 是否是最后
forloop.first 是否是第一個(gè)
forloop.parentloop 嵌套循環(huán)使用
頁(yè)面展示
image.png
model.py
def host(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
# Queryset[obj(id,caption,code),obj,obj]
obj = models.Host.objects.all()
b_name = models.Business.objects.all()
return render(request,'host.html',{'obj':obj,'b': b_name})
elif request.method =='POST':
h = request.POST.get('hostname')
i = request.POST.get('ip')
p = request.POST.get('port')
b_id = request.POST.get('b_name')
models.Host.objects.create(
hostname=h,
ip= i,
port=p,
b_id=b_id
)
return redirect('/host')
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.hidden{
display: none;
}
.backgroud{
position: fixed;
left: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
top: 0;
background:black;
opacity:0.3;
z-index: 100;
}
.add_modal{
position: fixed;
height: 400px;
width: 500px;
top: 200px;
left: 500px;
background:white;
z-index: 101;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="backgroud hidden">
<div class="add_modal">
<form action="host" method="post">
<input type="text" name="hostname">
<br>
<input type="text" name='ip'>
<br>
<input type="text" name="port">
<br>
<select name="b_name">
{% for i in b %}
<option value="{{i.id }}">{{ i.caption }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</div>
<h1>業(yè)務(wù)線</h1>
<input type="button" class="add" value="添加" >
<ul>
{% for i in obj %}
<li>{{ forloop.counter }}{{ i.hostname }}-{{ i.ip }}-{{i.port }}-{{ i.b.caption }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () {
$('.add').click(function () {
$('.backgroud').removeClass('hidden')
})
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
