1. 認(rèn)識這個(gè)詞（基礎(chǔ)篇）
詞：pioneer
英英釋義：develop or be the first to use or apply (a new method, area of knowledge, or activity)
例句：It is Alipay which pioneered and popularized mobile payment.
2. 體會(huì)這個(gè)詞 （進(jìn)階篇）
“pioneer”可以作名詞也可以作動(dòng)詞，作名詞有“先驅(qū)、開拓者”的意思，作動(dòng)詞意思是“開創(chuàng)、開辟、率先做某事”，我們今天學(xué)習(xí) pioneer 作動(dòng)詞的用法。pioneer 作為動(dòng)詞，可以取代 somebody was the first to do something，讓語言變得更簡潔、更地道。? ?
從 pioneer 的英文釋義我們可以看出，它后面一般會(huì)接 a method, an area of knowledge, an activity, an approach, a practice 等。下面通過幾個(gè)例句來了解它的用法。? ?
支付寶最早開始使用并普及移動(dòng)支付，我們就可以說：
It is Alipay which pioneered and popularized mobile payment. (這里的"mobile payment“可以看作是“method”）? ?
這個(gè)句子中還可以加上我們之前學(xué)過的 norm 一詞：
It is Alipay which pioneered and popularized mobile payment, now widely seen as a norm.? ?
前不久美國西南航空公司的創(chuàng)始人 Herb Kelleher 去世，《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》給他寫了篇訃告，介紹他的時(shí)候說：? ?
Herb Kelleher, a pioneer of cheap air travel, died on January 3rd, aged 87.
這句話中的 pioneer 是名詞，我們可以用 pioneer 的動(dòng)詞形式改寫為：? ?
Herb Kelleher, who pioneered cheap air travel, died on January 3rd, aged 87. （這句話里面的“cheap air travel”可以看作是 an activity 或 a practice）? ?
在這篇文章里面還有一句話用到了 pioneer 作動(dòng)詞的用法：? ?
American aviation in the 1970s was dominated by the hub-and-spoke approach, pioneered by Delta Air Lines in the belief that the most efficient way to fill planes was to fly through hub cities and hoover up passengers.? ?
句子中對“the hub-and-spoke approach”這個(gè)普通讀者可能不了解的做法作了解釋：航空公司為了節(jié)約成本，提升滿員率，可以讓飛機(jī)先飛往大的機(jī)場，然后再讓乘客轉(zhuǎn)乘飛往小機(jī)場的航班。
3. 從認(rèn)識到會(huì)用（作業(yè)）
1）翻譯下面的句子：? ?
手沖咖啡（pourover coffee）的制作技藝是由一名日本咖啡師發(fā)明。? ?
（參考翻譯：The pourover coffee technique was pioneered by a Japanese barista.）
The craft of making pourover coffee was pionerred by a Japanese barista.
造句：
The plum blossom festival was pioneered in sanxi village of fenghui.
