類
來個簡單的栗子:
class Person{
name: string;
constructor(name:string){
this.name = name
}
todo():void{
console.log(`${this.name}.....`)
}
}
let xiaoming = new Person("小明")
我們聲明了一個Person的類,他有三個成員:屬性name、一個構(gòu)造函數(shù)、一個todo的方法,
我們使用 new構(gòu)造了 Person類的一個實例。 它會調(diào)用之前定義的構(gòu)造函數(shù),創(chuàng)建一個 Greeter類型的新對象,并執(zhí)行構(gòu)造函數(shù)初始化它
繼承
class Person{
name: string;
constructor(name:string){
this.name = name
}
todo():void{
console.log(".....")
}
}
class Age extends Person{
age:number;
constructor(name:string,age:number){
super(name)
this.age = age
}
getPeople():string{
return `${this.name}年齡:${this.age}`
}
}
let xiaoMing = new Age("小明",18)
xiaoMing.todo()
console.log(xiaoMing.getPeople())
這里Age 是個派生類,他派生自Person基類,通過extends關(guān)鍵字,派生類通常稱為 子類, 基類通常稱為 超類
Age繼承了Person,我們構(gòu)建了一個Age的實例,它能夠使用todo,getPeople兩個方法
公共,私有與受保護(hù)的修飾符
- 公共(
public)
在ts中類成員默認(rèn)是public,當(dāng)然也可以明確的將一個成員標(biāo)記成public,如下:
class Person{
public name: string;
public constructor(name:string){
this.name = name
}
public todo():void{
console.log(`${this.name}.....`)
}
}
- 私有(
private)
當(dāng)成員標(biāo)記了private,聲明了這個類的外部無法訪問
class Person{
private name: string;
constructor(name:string){
this.name = name
}
public todo():void{
console.log(`${this.name}.....`)
}
}
let xiaoming = new Person("xiaoming")
xiaoming.name //報錯 屬性“name”為私有屬性,只能在類“Person”中訪問
- protected
protected修飾符和private修飾符行為相似,但是protected在派生類中可以訪問
//private
class Person{
private name: string;
constructor(name:string){
this.name = name
}
public todo():void{
console.log(`${this.name}.....`)
}
}
class Age extends Person {
age:number;
constructor(name:string,age:number){
super(name)
this.age = age
}
getInfor():void{
console.log(`${this.name},${this.age}`) //報錯 屬性“name”為私有屬性,只能在類“Person”中訪問
}
}
// protected
class Person{
protected name: string;
constructor(name:string){
this.name = name
}
public todo():void{
console.log(`${this.name}.....`)
}
}
class Age extends Person {
age:number;
constructor(name:string,age:number){
super(name)
this.age = age
}
getInfor():void{
console.log(`${this.name},${this.age}`)
}
}
let xiaoming = new Age("xiaoming",18)
xiaoming.name //報錯 屬性“name”受保護(hù),只能在類“Person”及其子類中訪問
我們不能在 Person類外訪問name,但是我們可以在Age類內(nèi)訪問,因為Age類是派生自Person
構(gòu)造函數(shù)也可以被標(biāo)記成 protected,這就意味著這個類不能在包含他的類外實例,但是可以繼承
class Person{
protected name: string;
protected constructor(name:string){
this.name = name
}
public todo():void{
console.log(`${this.name}.....`)
}
}
class Age extends Person {
age:number;
constructor(name:string,age:number){
super(name)
this.age = age
}
getInfor():void{
console.log(`${this.name},${this.age}`)
}
}
let xiaoming = new Age("xiaoming",18)
let xiaoming1 = new Person("xiaoming") //報錯 類“Person”的構(gòu)造函數(shù)是受保護(hù)的,僅可在類聲明中訪問
readonly只讀
只讀屬性,必須在聲明時候或者在構(gòu)造函數(shù)中初始化
class Person{
readonly name: string;
readonly age: number = 18;
constructor(name:string){
this.name = name
}
todo():void{
this.name = "xiaohua" //報錯 無法分配到 "name" ,因為它是只讀屬性
}
}
let xiaoming = new Person("xiaoming")