悲觀反應(yīng)偏見(jiàn)（pessimistic response bias）的概念沒(méi)查到，但根據(jù)文章的意思，當(dāng)人或動(dòng)物因環(huán)境影響而變得悲觀的時(shí)候，會(huì)對(duì)某些事件產(chǎn)生不好的偏見(jiàn)。
bumped-out: 郁悶的，消極的
am'biguous: 不確定的
smirk: 假笑，傻笑
pellet: 小球
lever: 杠桿
novel: 新（奇）的
音頻下載及鏈接：
3種語(yǔ)速的音頻文件已上傳百度云：鏈接| 密碼: ez6k（在百度云點(diǎn)擊MP3文件名可直接在線聽(tīng)）（原始語(yǔ)速來(lái)自A Moment of Science官網(wǎng)，1.5倍及2.0倍語(yǔ)速版本為我個(gè)人后期調(diào)整的）
本期文章原始音頻、配圖及文本均來(lái)自A Moment of Science官網(wǎng)：鏈接
文本：（參照源網(wǎng)頁(yè)的文字、根據(jù)實(shí)際錄音內(nèi)容修改而成）：
Y: Hey, Don, you look all bumped-out.
D: Yaya, I'm having a worst day. I over-slept, and then had a flat tyre. And now Mike, the engineer, is smirking at me.
Y: No, he is not.
D: He is.
Y: Don, you're demonstrating what is known as pessimistic response bias. Because you’re anxious about other things, you assume that ambiguous events like Mike smile... (D: Smirk...) smiles can be negative too. And you are not alone. A study suggests that even rats exhibit?similar behavior.
D: Rats can be pessimist?
Y:?Apparently they can assume novel events are going to be positive or negative. You see, scientists trained rats to respond to two different tones.?If they pressed a lever in response to one tone, they got a food pellet.
D: So that was the positive.
Y: And when they heard the other tone and pressed the lever, they heard an unpleasant noise—so here they learned not to press the lever to avoid a negative event.
D: Okay...
Y: Then scientists moved half the rats into housing conditions that changed unpredictably. For example, the cages were unfamiliar, or lights went on at unusual times. Then they tested the rats to see how they responded to a novel tone that fell between the positive and the negative tones. And guess what?
D:?The rats from unstable environments were less likely to press the lever?
Y: Right. When the rats heard the novel tone they were less likely than the rats from the stable housing to associate the novel tone with food and press the lever. The next step, of course, is to study the brain processes involved here more thoroughly.
D: Wow, I feel better already. Now, where is my lever?
