一、簡介
1.音頻可以分為2種
(1)音效
又稱“短音頻”,通常在程序中的播放時(shí)長為1~2秒
在應(yīng)用程序中起到點(diǎn)綴效果,提升整體用戶體驗(yàn)
(2)音樂
比如游戲中的“背景音樂”,一般播放時(shí)間較
2.播放音頻可以使用框架
AVFoundation.framework
二、音效
1.音效的播放
// 1.獲得音效文件的路徑
NSURL *url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"m_03.wav" withExtension:nil];
// 2.加載音效文件,得到對(duì)應(yīng)的音效ID
SystemSoundID soundID = 0;
AudioServicesCreateSystemSoundID((__bridge CFURLRef)(url), &soundID);
// 3.播放音效
AudioServicesPlaySystemSound(soundID);
音效文件只需要加載1次
2.音效播放常見函數(shù)總結(jié)
音效播放常見函數(shù)總結(jié)
加載音效文件
AudioServicesCreateSystemSoundID(CFURLRef inFileURL, SystemSoundID *outSystemSoundID)
釋放音效資源
AudioServicesDisposeSystemSoundID(SystemSoundID inSystemSoundID)
播放音效
AudioServicesPlaySystemSound(SystemSoundID inSystemSoundID)
播放音效帶點(diǎn)震動(dòng)
AudioServicesPlayAlertSound(SystemSoundID inSystemSoundID)
3.音效格式

注意:硬件解碼器一次只能對(duì)一個(gè)音頻文件解碼。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中通常使用非壓縮的音頻格式(AIFF)或者CAF音頻格式,從而減低系統(tǒng)在音頻解碼上的消耗,達(dá)到省電的目的
4.聲音和音效小結(jié)——音頻轉(zhuǎn)換工具
轉(zhuǎn)換aiff格式
afconvert -f AIFF -d I8 filename
轉(zhuǎn)換caf格式
afconvert -f caff -d aac -b 32000 filename
批量轉(zhuǎn)換
find . -name '*.mp3' -exec afconvert -f caff -d aac -b 32000 {} \;
5.音效播放工具類
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface AudioTool : NSObject
+ (void)playSoundWithSoundname:(NSString *)soundname;
@end
#import "AudioTool.h"
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
@implementation XMGAudioTool
static NSMutableDictionary *_soundIDs;
+ (void)initialize
{
_soundIDs = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
}
//+ (NSMutableDictionary *)soundIDs
//{
// if (_soundIDs == nil) {
// _soundIDs = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
// }
//
// return _soundIDs;
//}
+ (void)playSoundWithSoundname:(NSString *)soundname
{
// 1.定義SystemSoundID
SystemSoundID soundID = 0;
// 2.從字典中取出對(duì)應(yīng)soundID,如果取出是nil,表示之前沒有存放在字典
soundID = [_soundIDs[soundname] unsignedIntValue];
if (soundID == 0) {
CFURLRef url = (__bridge CFURLRef)[[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:soundname withExtension:nil];
AudioServicesCreateSystemSoundID(url, &soundID);
// 將soundID存入字典
[_soundIDs setObject:@(soundID) forKey:soundname];
}
// 3.播放音效
AudioServicesPlaySystemSound(soundID);
}
@end
三、音樂
1>音樂播放用到一個(gè)叫做AVAudioPlayer的類,AVAudioPlayer只能播放本地的音頻文件
AVAudioPlayer常用方法
(1)加載音樂文件
- (id)initWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url error:(NSError **)outError;
- (id)initWithData:(NSData *)data error:(NSError **)outError;
(2)準(zhǔn)備播放(緩沖,提高播放的流暢性)
- (BOOL)prepareToPlay;
(3)播放(異步播放)
- (BOOL)play;
(4)暫停
- (void)pause;
(5)停止
- (void)stop;
(6)是否正在播放
@property(readonly, getter=isPlaying) BOOL playing;
(7)時(shí)長
@property(readonly) NSTimeInterval duration;
(8)當(dāng)前的播放位置
@property NSTimeInterval currentTime;
(9)播放次數(shù)(-1代表無限循環(huán)播放,其他代表播放numberOfLoops+1次)
@property NSInteger numberOfLoops;
(10)音量
@property float volume;
(11)是否允許更改速率
@property BOOL enableRate;
(12)播放速率(1是正常速率,0.5是一般速率,2是雙倍速率)
@property float rate;
(13)有多少個(gè)聲道
@property(readonly) NSUInteger numberOfChannels;
(14)聲道(-1是左聲道,1是右聲道,0是中間)
@property float pan;
(15)是否允許測量音量
@property(getter=isMeteringEnabled) BOOL meteringEnabled;
(16)更新測量值
- (void)updateMeters;
(17)獲得當(dāng)前的平均音量
- (float)averagePowerForChannel:(NSUInteger)channelNumber;
音效、音樂工具類
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface AudioTool : NSObject
#pragma mark - 播放音樂
// 播放音樂 musicName : 音樂的名稱
+ (void)playMusicWithMusicName:(NSString *)musicName;
// 暫停音樂 musicName : 音樂的名稱
+ (void)pauseMusicWithMusicName:(NSString *)musicName;
// 停止音樂 musicName : 音樂的名稱
+ (void)stopMusicWithMusicName:(NSString *)musicName;
#pragma mark - 音效播放
// 播放聲音文件soundName : 音效文件的名稱
+ (void)playSoundWithSoundname:(NSString *)soundname;
@end
#import "XMGAudioTool.h"
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
@implementation XMGAudioTool
static NSMutableDictionary *_soundIDs;
static NSMutableDictionary *_players;
+ (void)initialize
{
_soundIDs = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
_players = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
}
+ (void)playMusicWithMusicName:(NSString *)musicName
{
assert(musicName);
// 1.定義播放器
AVAudioPlayer *player = nil;
// 2.從字典中取player,如果取出出來是空,則對(duì)應(yīng)創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)的播放器
player = _players[musicName];
if (player == nil) {
// 2.1.獲取對(duì)應(yīng)音樂資源
NSURL *fileUrl = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:musicName withExtension:nil];
if (fileUrl == nil) return;
// 2.2.創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)的播放器
player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:fileUrl error:nil];
// 2.3.將player存入字典中
[_players setObject:player forKey:musicName];
// 2.4.準(zhǔn)備播放
[player prepareToPlay];
}
// 3.播放音樂
[player play];
}
+ (void)pauseMusicWithMusicName:(NSString *)musicName
{
assert(musicName);
// 1.取出對(duì)應(yīng)的播放
AVAudioPlayer *player = _players[musicName];
// 2.判斷player是否nil
if (player) {
[player pause];
}
}
+ (void)stopMusicWithMusicName:(NSString *)musicName
{
assert(musicName);
// 1.取出對(duì)應(yīng)的播放
AVAudioPlayer *player = _players[musicName];
// 2.判斷player是否nil
if (player) {
[player stop];
[_players removeObjectForKey:musicName];
player = nil;
}
}
#pragma mark - 音效的播放
+ (void)playSoundWithSoundname:(NSString *)soundname
{
// 1.定義SystemSoundID
SystemSoundID soundID = 0;
// 2.從字典中取出對(duì)應(yīng)soundID,如果取出是nil,表示之前沒有存放在字典
soundID = [_soundIDs[soundname] unsignedIntValue];
if (soundID == 0) {
CFURLRef url = (__bridge CFURLRef)[[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:soundname withExtension:nil];
if (url == NULL) return;
AudioServicesCreateSystemSoundID(url, &soundID);
// 將soundID存入字典
[_soundIDs setObject:@(soundID) forKey:soundname];
}
// 3.播放音效
AudioServicesPlaySystemSound(soundID);
}
@end
2> AVPlayer
能播放本地、遠(yuǎn)程的音頻、視頻文件
基于Layer顯示,得自己去編寫控制面板
3> MPMoviePlayerController
能播放本地、遠(yuǎn)程的音頻、視頻文件
自帶播放控制面板(暫停、播放、播放進(jìn)度、是否要全屏)
4> MPMoviePlayerViewController
能播放本地、遠(yuǎn)程的音頻、視頻文件
內(nèi)部是封裝了MPMoviePlayerController
播放界面默認(rèn)就是全屏的
如果播放功能比較簡單,僅僅是簡單地播放遠(yuǎn)程、本地的視頻文件,建議用這個(gè)
5> DOUAudioStreamer
能播放遠(yuǎn)程、本地的音頻文件
監(jiān)聽緩沖進(jìn)度、下載速度、下載進(jìn)度