Chaptrer 8 ?下

words and phrases

（1）enormous ?[?'n??m?s]

adj. 龐大的，巨大的；兇暴的，極惡的

同義詞：huge，tremendous，massive

an enormous bunch of flowers ?巨大的花束

an enormous amount of money ?巨款

The team made an enormous effort. 該隊(duì)付出了巨大的努力

原句：Social proof has enormous sway over our everyday behavior.

仿句：The scientists made an enormous effort on the experiment project.

（2）convince [k?n'v?ns]

vt. 說服；使確信，使信服

convince sb (that)

convince sb of sth

convince sb to do sth

同義詞：assure，reason，satisfy，argue

原句：Just convince people it’s the habit of a group they would never want to be a member of. ?讓人們相信這種行為是你從不愿摻和的那個(gè)群體成員的壞習(xí)慣。

仿寫：I’ve been trying to convince my brother to lose weight.

（3）secure [s?'kj?r]

adj. 安全的；無慮的；有把握的；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)?br>

vt. 保護(hù)；弄到；招致；縛住

vi. 獲得安全；船拋錨；停止工作

原句：We may be willing to give up our vices and cultivate new virtues if we believe that it will more firmly secure us a spot in our most cherished tribe. 如果我們相信，戒掉惡習(xí)并培養(yǎng)新的美德會(huì)讓我們?cè)谧约鹤钪匾暤娜后w中站穩(wěn)腳跟，我們或許愿意這樣做。

仿寫：We should ?secure the precious wildlife.

（4）exclude [?k'skl?d]

vt. 排除；排斥；拒絕接納；逐出

同義詞：precluderule out

exclude sth from sth ? ?〔故意〕不包括；把…排除在外

原句：Anytime we feel excluded or disrespected, we are at greater risk for giving in to our worst impulses. 只要我們覺得被排斥或者被冒犯，我們就有可能屈服于自己最糟糕的沖動(dòng)。

仿寫：We don't exclude the possibility of power failure .

（5）conquer ['k??k?]

vt. 戰(zhàn)勝，征服；攻克，攻取

vi. 勝利；得勝

原句：You don't have to conquer your willpower challenge alone.你無需單獨(dú)面對(duì)你的意志力挑戰(zhàn)。

仿寫：We all have to conquer the lazy.

Sentence

（1） Research shows that it is surprisingly easy to catch a person’s goals in a way that changes your own behavior.Psychologists call this goal contagion.Goal contagion works in both directions—you can catch self-control as well as self-indulgence

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們很容易感染別人的目標(biāo)，從而改變自己的行為。心理學(xué)家稱之為“目標(biāo)傳染病”。目標(biāo)傳染在兩個(gè)方向上都會(huì)起作用，你既可以感染自控，也可以感染自我放縱。

（2） The best way to strengthen your immune response to other people's goals is to spend a few minutes at the beginning of your day thinking about your own goals, and how you could be tempted to ignore them. Like a vaccine that protects you from other people's germs, reflecting on your own goals will reinforce your intentions and help you avoid goal contagion.

當(dāng)你面對(duì)別人的目標(biāo)時(shí)，增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)的最佳途徑就是：在每天剛開始的時(shí)候花幾分鐘想想自己的目標(biāo)，想想你會(huì)怎么受到誘惑，想要改變自己的目標(biāo)。這就像疫苗一樣，能保護(hù)你不受別人的感染。回想自己的目標(biāo)能強(qiáng)化這個(gè)目標(biāo)，避免你感染他人的目標(biāo)。

（3）They caught the goal to do whatever they wanted, rather than what they were supposed to do.When we observe evidence of other people ignoring rules and following their impulses, we are more likely to give in to any of our own impulses.

人們感染的目標(biāo)是做自己想做的事，而不是該做的事。當(dāng)我們看到別人忽視規(guī)則，受欲望支配的時(shí)候，我們更可能在任何沖動(dòng)面前選擇屈服。

（4）When you need a little extra willpower,bring your role model to mind. Ask yourself: What would this willpower wonder do? Social epidemics—like the spread of obesity or smoking—follow a pattern of complex contagion. It is not enough to come into contact with a person who is a “carrier” of the behavior. Your relationship to that person matters.

當(dāng)你需要多余意志力的時(shí)候，想想你的榜樣。問問自己，那個(gè)意志力強(qiáng)多的人會(huì)怎么做？社會(huì)傳染，如肥胖或者吸煙的傳播，遵循的是復(fù)雜傳染的模式，僅僅接觸到行為的攜帶者還不夠，重要的是，你和這個(gè)人的關(guān)系。

（5）If we want people to have more willpower, we need to make them believe that self-control is the norm.When everyone gains weight, our internal standards about what is “obese" shift upward, even if medical standards remain the same.The pull to the center can be more powerful than the desire to do the right thing.

如果我們想讓別人更有意志力，就要讓他們相信自控是個(gè)社會(huì)規(guī)范。當(dāng)所有人的體重都在增加的時(shí)候，即使醫(yī)學(xué)上的肥胖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒有變化，我們自己卻把肥胖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提上去了。和做正確的事比起來，人們更愿意向中間靠攏。

（6）When it comes to social proof, what we think other people do matters even more than what they actually do.

在說到社會(huì)認(rèn)同的時(shí)候，我們認(rèn)為別人做的事比別人實(shí)際做的更重要.

（7）This research points to a helpful strategy for making resolutions stick: Go public with your willpower challenges. If you believe that others are rooting for your success and keeping an eye on your behavior, you’ll be more motivated to do the right thing.

這個(gè)調(diào)查指出，讓自己堅(jiān)定決心的有效策略是——公開你的意志力挑戰(zhàn)。如果你相信別人會(huì)支持你走向成功并觀察你的行為，你就會(huì)更有動(dòng)力去做正確的事。

（8）To a remarkable degree, our brains incorporate the goals, beliefs, and actions of other people into our decisions. When we are with other people, or simply thinking about them, they become one more “self; in our minds competing for self-control. The flip side is also true: Our own actions influence the actions of countless other people, and each choice we make for ourselves can serve as inspiration or temptation for others.

值得注意的是，我們的大腦會(huì)把別人的目標(biāo)、信念和行為整合到自己的決策中。當(dāng)我們跟別人在一起，或只是簡(jiǎn)單的想到他們時(shí)，在我們的腦海里，別人就會(huì)成為另一個(gè)“自我”，并且和“自我”比賽自控。反之亦然：我們的行為也影響了其他無數(shù)人，我們做的每個(gè)選擇對(duì)別人也是一種鼓舞和誘惑。

—— ?啟 ?發(fā) 1——

目標(biāo)是可以相互感染的。積極的會(huì)感染積極，消極的會(huì)感染消極.....但是我們不能無限制的被其他人的目標(biāo)感染，否則最終會(huì)遺失自己的目標(biāo)，陷入越來越多“自我”的困局。所以，每天都要把自己的目標(biāo)拿出來，花幾分鐘時(shí)間確認(rèn)自己的目標(biāo)，堅(jiān)定自己的目標(biāo)。當(dāng)然，從另一個(gè)角度來講，如果我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己又被誰的目標(biāo)感染了，而且感染得熱血澎湃，這在一定程度上也說明了，這個(gè)目標(biāo)與你潛意識(shí)的目標(biāo)很相近，這個(gè)目標(biāo)人與你潛意識(shí)想成為的人也很類似，當(dāng)被感染目標(biāo)的時(shí)候，或許又是一個(gè)和自我目標(biāo)深度對(duì)話的機(jī)會(huì)。

這個(gè)世界上一定有那么一些人，活成你最希望的樣子，我相信一定有的。有時(shí)候，為自己人生尋找各類型的成長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)師，或是現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的，或是網(wǎng)絡(luò)遠(yuǎn)程的，或者是默默關(guān)注的，都很好！在這種情況下，一個(gè)人的自我成長(zhǎng)力和信息挖掘力都會(huì)快速增強(qiáng)，比如，當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)一篇優(yōu)秀的文章，我會(huì)馬上尋找到這篇文章的作者和這篇文章發(fā)布的平臺(tái)，以及文章里面推薦的好的書單、影單，這種層層挖掘其實(shí)就是一種目標(biāo)被感染的狀態(tài)。這種“超鏈接”能力，在知識(shí)型的社會(huì)變得尤為重要。

還有，每一個(gè)人都要努力讓自己從內(nèi)而外成為一個(gè)好的傳染源。

—— ?啟 ?發(fā) 2——

每個(gè)人的行為都是受“社會(huì)認(rèn)同”影響的。我們即使在一定程度上認(rèn)為自己的完全獨(dú)立的，自由的，個(gè)性化的，但是在整個(gè)社會(huì)群體框架里，我們?nèi)匀恢皇瞧渲幸粏T。并且服從多數(shù)，服從主流趨勢(shì)，這在我們的行為選擇中一定程度上也是無法避免的。那么，就干脆用好“社會(huì)認(rèn)同”這個(gè)符號(hào)吧，我們可以鼓勵(lì)自己加入更多的小組和社群，公開意志力挑戰(zhàn)，在集體的激勵(lì)和感染下，在群友的鼓勵(lì)下推動(dòng)下，一起更好的完成自己的人生功課。

從另一方面講，這種“社會(huì)認(rèn)同”的標(biāo)簽雖然是大眾性的，集體性的，看似無可避免，實(shí)際上仍然是可以避免的。如果陷入到深度依賴“社會(huì)認(rèn)同”這個(gè)標(biāo)簽，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己慢慢會(huì)喪失活力、創(chuàng)造力和獨(dú)立思考能力，對(duì)“被認(rèn)同”“被接納”“被評(píng)價(jià)”完全上癮，躲在一個(gè)殼里，不敢出來。集體意志固然安全，卻也是對(duì)獨(dú)立意志的超級(jí)束縛...我們知道“少數(shù)服從多數(shù)”的原理，但我們也同時(shí)知道“真理掌握在少數(shù)人手里！二八法則用在這里依然適合...

當(dāng)一個(gè)人真正不再需要通過外界的認(rèn)可和評(píng)判來評(píng)判自己的時(shí)候，就自由了！

習(xí)慣性的叮囑自己，閱讀任何一本書或者一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，拋開評(píng)判的成見，不用對(duì)與錯(cuò)來論之，只是讓它到我們的思維中去，到大腦里去，打開心，去面見我們既有的所有觀點(diǎn)，像老朋友歡迎新朋友一樣，熱情迎接，自由碰撞，從動(dòng)作行為狀態(tài)上的“開—心”到心理狀態(tài)的“開心”！

Summary

The author conveys a core idea that self-control is influenced by social proof, making both willpower and temptation contagious in this chapter.We can get effective solution in the right way.We don't have to conquer our willpower challenge alone，we can seek support ?from friend, family member, or coworker who could join you in your willpower goals. ?Try to find a partner ?and ask ?each other on a regular basis : Did you do what you said you were going to do? Sometimes,It can turn into a true buddy system of support by Joining the community .