檢測文件屬性的相關(guān)操作符
如果文件存在，并且具有相應(yīng)的屬性，如下的操作符都會返回true：

-b FILE
  FILE exists and is block special
-c FILE
  FILE exists and is character special
-d FILE
  FILE exists and is a directory
-e FILE
  FILE exists
-f FILE
  FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE
  FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE
  FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE
  FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE
  FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-L FILE
  FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE
  FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE
  FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE
  FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE
  FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-S FILE
  FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE
  FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE
  FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE
  FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted