一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

BE動(dòng)詞

I am late.
He/She/It is late.
We/You/They are late.

Am I late? Yes, I am./ No, I'm not.
Is he/she/it late? Yes, he/she/it is. || No, he/she/it isn't.
Are we/you/they late? Yes, we/you/they are. || No, we/you/they aren't.

注意：肯定回答（yes）回答不用縮寫，而否定回答（No）常用縮寫；

Is your house near here?
Yes, it is.

注意：回答用代詞，不用原來的名詞。

其它動(dòng)詞

I live here.
He/She/It lives here.
We/You/They live here.

提問：
Do you live here? Yes, I do./ No, I don't.
Does he/she/it live here? Yes, he/she/it do./ No, he/she/it don't.
Do we/you/they live here? Yes, we/you/they do./ No, we/you/they don't

How long do you live here?
How long does he/she/it live here？
How long do we/you/they live here?

How often do we/you/they climb the mountain? Once a week!
How often does he/she/it climb the mountain?

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行

I am taking a shower.
He/She/It is taking a shower.
We/You/They are taking a shower.

完成時(shí)-have got

I/We/You/They've (have) got a brother.
He/She/It's (has) got a brother.

注意：I have a brother.也是語法正確，I've got a brother. 聽起來更自然。I got a house. 從語法角度看是錯(cuò)誤的

疑問：
Have I/we/you/they got a house?
Has he/she/it got a car?

回答：
Yes, I/we/you/they have.
Yes, he/she/it has.
No, I/we/you/they haven't.（注意：否定用縮寫）
No, he/she/it hasn't.

提問：
Which plan have you choosed?
What kind of car have you got?
What colour jacket have you got?（注意是單數(shù)）
How many apples have you eat?（注意是復(fù)數(shù)）

我們使用have got:
1.表示所有權(quán)；She hasn't got a money.
2.談?wù)摷彝ヅ笥? I haven't got any friends.
3.描述某人長相；Carol's (has) got brown eyes.
4.談?wù)撋?；She hasn't got a headache anymore.

一般過去時(shí)

be過去時(shí)，表示發(fā)生在過去的事情或情況，通常與表示過去時(shí)間狀語連用。
例：I was a boy ten years ago.
Where were you yesterday?
We didn't eat anything. （注意：在助動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)詞原型）
Did you go to the cinema yesterday?（注意：在助動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)詞原型）

動(dòng)詞過去式用來表示發(fā)生在過去的事情。
I started to learn English last year.
When did you start to learn English?
How did you learn English last year?
Why did you learn English last year?

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

使用was/were+-ing形式來表示過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用來表示：

1.在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或時(shí)段，事情正在發(fā)生；He was waiting someone at 19:20.

2.某事發(fā)生時(shí)，另一件事現(xiàn)在同時(shí)；She was watching the TV show when I arrived home yesterday.

3.描述某人正在做的事情，直到另一個(gè)事情中止或打斷他。Sam was playing basketball when he hurt his arm.

過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較

過去時(shí)：描述過去一個(gè)或多個(gè)已完成動(dòng)作，如：She bought a box of milk yesterday.

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：描述在某時(shí)刻（或某時(shí)刻前后）的一個(gè)未完成的動(dòng)作。She were travelling to the airport at 6 o'clock.

過去時(shí)：描述一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作后。She went out and bought some food.

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：描述正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，當(dāng)另一件事情發(fā)生。She was drying her hair While I was typing.

• When/While的區(qū)別：When和While都可以用在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中，但while不用在過去式中，如：

The post came when/while I was having my breakfast.（對(duì)）

While the post came, I was having my breakfast.*（錯(cuò)）

When The post came, I was having my breakfast.（對(duì)）

• used to （是use to的過去式）表過去常常做，現(xiàn)在不做，是情態(tài)詞，后面接動(dòng)詞原型。

1.過去常做而現(xiàn)在不做的事情。
I used to like to drink when I was younger.

2.過去我們做某事的頻率。
We used to go for a run once a week.

3.過去的情況與現(xiàn)在不同。
My parents didn't use to live in the city.

used to與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：
1.過去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的單個(gè)一次性動(dòng)作，used to表示發(fā)生在過去，常常做的事情。
I had a terrible dream last night.（對(duì)）
I used to have a terrible dream last night.（錯(cuò)）

2.使用for表示過去一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情時(shí)用過去式，而不用used to.
I was in army for two years.（對(duì)）
I used to be in the army for two years.（錯(cuò)）