前言
本人就讀于加拿大UBC（英屬哥倫比亞大學(xué)）景觀建筑學(xué)院的景觀碩士專業(yè)。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)課題為研究無人駕駛汽車對(duì)未來城市景觀的影響，在自己撰寫論文的同時(shí)，希望把我的研究?jī)?nèi)容放到這里和大家一起分享，共同探討，共同進(jìn)步。若有興趣，歡迎和我聯(lián)系。
本文內(nèi)容為本人的學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯而來，語句或許枯燥晦澀，請(qǐng)耐心閱讀，或者與我探討。反正，精彩的在后頭?。。?/p>
摘要
無人駕駛汽車技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展使無人駕駛汽車的應(yīng)用成為未來的趨勢(shì)。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目將通過研究無人駕駛汽車的現(xiàn)狀、使用的障礙以及未來在城市中廣泛使用的阻礙，提出未來無人駕駛汽車的城市的發(fā)展方向。最后，從景觀建筑的角度看，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目將把無人駕駛汽車作為推動(dòng)城市發(fā)展、改善城市環(huán)境和建設(shè)可持續(xù)城市的驅(qū)動(dòng)力。
Abstract
The rapid development of the technology of the driverless car has made the application of driverless vehicles a future trend. This project will propose the future development directions of the city of driverless cars by studying the status quo of driverless cars, obstacles of the use, and impacts of its wide use. Finally, from the perspective of landscape architecture, this project will use driverless cars as a driving force to promote urban development, improve the urban environment and build a sustainable city.
論文陳述
全自動(dòng)無人駕駛汽車的發(fā)展速度比任何人想象的都要快，許多專家預(yù)測(cè)，在未來5到10年內(nèi)，這種汽車將廣泛普及，最終成為唯一的交通工具。(Waldrop，2015年) 在無人駕駛汽車被廣泛使用之后，交通方式的改變將給城市帶來巨大的變化。作為一名景觀設(shè)計(jì)師，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目將研究城市如何應(yīng)對(duì)由它們帶來的變化，從景觀的角度，為城市帶來可持續(xù)的未來。
與如今的汽車相比，無人駕駛汽車更安全，運(yùn)行效率更高，能節(jié)約能源，減少整體污染。(Duranton，2016年) 雖然無人駕駛汽車有很多優(yōu)勢(shì)，但是它會(huì)對(duì)城市的未來發(fā)展有兩個(gè)方向的影響。通過對(duì)AV的現(xiàn)狀、使用的障礙以及未來廣泛使用AV的影響的研究，總結(jié)了無人駕駛汽車城市的兩個(gè)未來場(chǎng)景/發(fā)展方向：汽車友好型城市，和人類友好型城市。
基于對(duì)場(chǎng)地城市，素里（Surrey，BC）現(xiàn)狀的分析和探討，本文給出以下結(jié)論：以人為本的人類友好型城市才是適合城市未來發(fā)展的方向。最后一章則提出了不同時(shí)間和空間尺度下的策略，這些戰(zhàn)略的目標(biāo)是通過將其作為推動(dòng)城市發(fā)展和改善城市環(huán)境的驅(qū)動(dòng)力來建立一個(gè)可持續(xù)的城市。
Thesis Statement
Fully autonomous vehicles are developing faster than anyone would have thought, with many experts predicting that they will become widely available in the next five to ten years and eventually become the only means of transportation. (Waldrop, 2015)?After the wide use of driverless cars, changes in transport will bring huge changes to the city. As a garden designer, this project will study how cities should respond to changes brought by AVs and, from the perspective of?landscape,?bring?cities?a?sustainable?future.
Compared with today’s cars, driverless cars are safer, and operate at a higher efficiency, saving energy and reducing overall pollution. (Duranton, 2016)?Driverless cars, which have many advantages, have two sides?of impacts?to urban development.Through the research of status quo of AV, obstacles of the use, and impacts of the wide use of AV in the future, this project concludes two future scenarios of the city of driverless cars: people-friendly city and rider-friendly city.
Based on the analysis and discussion of the current situation of the site, Surrey,?the scenario of people-friendly city is?chosen as the one suitable for the future development of the city. The last section puts forward strategies in different time and spatial scales. These strategies aim to build a sustainable city by using AVs as a driving force to promote urban development and improve the urban environment.
縮寫和定義列表
Abbreviation?and Definition?List
AV?- Autonomous Vehicle 無人駕駛汽車: A vehicle that can guide itself without?a?human driver.
IoT?- Internet of things 物聯(lián)網(wǎng): A system that connects everything?together?as a network allowing them to connect and exchange data.
ITS?- Intelligent Transportation System 智能交通系統(tǒng): A system based on?LoT?that?is?able to?connect vehicles, infrastructure, rail, navigation systems,?etc. This smart system will?optimize speed limits, traffic-light timing and the number of lanes in each direction?on the basis of?the actual traffic load.
NHTSA?- the U.S. Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 美國國家公路交通安全管理局
V2V?radios - Vehicle-to-vehicle?radios （車與車互聯(lián)的雷達(dá)）: A radios system?embedded?in?a?vehicle?that use?radios?to?send signals between vehicles such?as?cars?and?trucks?to connect all these isolated items into an incorporated network.
V2E?- Vehicle-to-everything （車與物連接的系統(tǒng)）: V2E is an umbrella term includes vehicles-to-vehicles,?vehicle-to-infrastructure,?and vehicle-to-pedestrian. This technique allows vehicles to communicate with streets, signs, traffic light, other?cars,?and even pedestrians.
AI?- Artificial Intelligent 人工智能: Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is Intelligence displayed by machines, in contrast with the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals.
