Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark “卡蒂薩克”號帆船

【New words and expressions】生詞和短語

●impressive?? adj.給人深刻印象的

●steamship??? n.蒸汽輪船

●vessel???? n.輪船，大木船

●era???? n.時(shí)期，時(shí)代

●Java?? n.爪哇（印度尼西亞一島）

●rudder??? n.舵

●roll??? v.顛簸，搖擺

●steer? v.掌握方向

●temporary??? adj.臨時(shí)的

●plank n.大塊木板

●fit v.安裝

●Equator? n.赤道

●delay n.耽誤

■impressive adj. 給人深刻印象的

This is aimpressive thing.

impression n. 印象

make a lasting

impression on sb: 給某人以不可磨滅的印象

have a falseimpression of sb:? 對某人有錯(cuò)誤的看法

give sb impression

that: 給某人印象

impress vt.

impress sb. 給某人留下印象

impress sb withsth???? 用…給某人留下印象

L24-05_25-01? end?10’12”

L25-02? begin?10’53”

■steamship n. 蒸汽輪船

■vessel n. 輪船，大木船

vessel（正式的詞匯）可代替ship,boat. 用于文學(xué)體

a sailing vessel,a fishing vessel

boat 比ship小，可以替換ship(非正式文體)

a fishing boat

■era n. 時(shí)期，時(shí)代

era:? “紀(jì)元”，地球、人類社會歷史上的一個(gè)很長的時(shí)期，以特別事物或發(fā)展為標(biāo)志

the beginning ofnew era

the end of old era

times:歷史上的一個(gè)階段”時(shí)代，時(shí)期”

in ancient times

in classic times

Roman times

age:? 特定的歷史階段（大寫，構(gòu)成專有名詞）

a stone age 石器時(shí)代

the space age 太空時(shí)代

This is abeganning of era

■Java n. 爪哇（印度尼西亞一島）

■rudder n. 舵

■roll v. 顛簸，搖擺

■steer v. 掌握方向

steer: 駕駛水路交通工具，強(qiáng)調(diào)掌握方向，導(dǎo)航

drive: 開汽車，火車

pilot: 操縱輪船，飛機(jī)

He steers the boatsuddenly.

He piloted hisplane.

■temporary adj. 臨時(shí)的

temporary jobs /house

temporarily adv.

temporariness n.

==transient:短暫的，瞬間的

反義：permanent: 永久的

contemporary: 當(dāng)代的

■plank n. 大塊木板

■fit v. 安裝

■Equator n. 赤道

■delay n. 耽誤

【Text】

§ Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark “卡蒂薩克”號帆船

Listen to the tapethen answer the question below.

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[endif]?What piece ofbad luck prevented the Cutty Sark from winning the race?

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[endif]One of the mostfamous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still beseen at Greenwich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of peopleeach year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past.Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sarkwere used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark wasone of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. The only other shipto match her was the Thermopylae. Both these ships set out from Shanghai onJune 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. This race, which went on forexactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the greattradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.

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[endif]The first of the twoships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on theIndian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead. It seemed certain that she would bethe first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August,she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. TheCutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. Atemporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted withgreat difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there wasdanger that if she travelled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away aswell. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. After crossing theequator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but bynow the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudderwas fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win.She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable,considering that she had had so many delays. There is no doubt that if she hadnot lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.

參考譯文

人們在格林威治仍可看到19世紀(jì)最有名的帆船之一“卡蒂薩克”號。它停在陸地上，每年接待成千上萬的參觀者。它給人們留下深刻的印象，使人們回憶起歷史上的巨型帆船，在蒸汽船取代帆船之前?！翱ǖ偎_克”號之類的帆船被用來從中國運(yùn)回茶葉，從澳大利亞運(yùn)回羊毛?！翱ǖ偎_克”號是帆船制造史上建造的最快的一艘帆船。唯一可以與之一比高低的是“塞姆皮雷”號帆船。兩船于1872年6月18日同時(shí)從上海啟航駛往英國，途中展開了一場激烈的比賽。這場比賽持續(xù)了整整4個(gè)月，是這類比賽中的最后一次，它標(biāo)志著帆船偉大傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)束與一個(gè)新紀(jì)元的開始。

比賽開始后，“賽姆皮雷”號率先抵達(dá)爪哇島。但在印度洋上，“卡薩薩克”號駛到了前面。看來，它首先返抵英國是確信無疑的了，但它卻在比賽中連遭厄運(yùn)。8月份“卡蒂薩克”號遭到一場特大風(fēng)暴的襲擊，失去了一只舵。船身左右搖晃，無法操縱。船員用備用的木板在船上趕制了一只應(yīng)急用的舵，并克服重重困難將舵安裝就位，這樣一來，大大降低了船的航速。因?yàn)榇荒荛_得太快，否則就有危險(xiǎn)，應(yīng)急舵也會被刮走。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)緣故，“卡蒂薩克”號落到了后面?？缭匠嗟篮?，船長將船停靠在一個(gè)港口，在那兒換了一只舵。但此時(shí)，“賽姆皮雷”號早已在500多英里之遙了。盡管換裝新舵時(shí)分秒必爭，但“卡蒂薩克”號已經(jīng)不可能取勝了，它抵達(dá)英國時(shí)比“塞姆皮雷”號晚了1個(gè)星期。但考慮到路上的多次耽擱，這個(gè)成績也已很不容易了。毫無疑問，如果中途沒有失去舵， “卡帝薩克”號肯定能在比賽中輕易奪冠。

【課文講解】

one of the most

famous ...最著名的......之一

背熟：She stands on dry land and is visited bythousands of people each year.

dry land:陸地

背熟：She serves as an impressive reminder of thegreat ships of the past.

serve as:(=act as

)“起…作用”

impressive

reminder :深刻的印象，作為......的回憶

replace vt. ==takeplace of

L25-02? end?10’53”

L25-03? begin?10’11”

stemship:汽船

sailing ship

/sailing vessel: 帆船

match:( = be equal

to )與......相匹敵，相比

match in / for

The only othership to match her was the Thermopylae.

動(dòng)詞不定式to作定語，修飾theonly other ship

背誦：Both these ships set out from Shanghai onJune 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England.

背誦：This race, which went on for exactly fourmonths, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition ofships with sails and the beginning of a new era.

which----指代this race, 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句

帆船：ships with sail, sailing ships, sailingvessels

marked the end of

: 標(biāo)志…的結(jié)束

The first of thetwo ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae,...

可改為：after the race had begun the first of thetwo ships to reach Java was the Thermopylae,...

take thelead:????? 處于領(lǐng)先地位== gointo the lead

lose thelead:? ????失去領(lǐng)先地位

in the lead:??????? 處于領(lǐng)先地位（狀態(tài)）

take over the

lead: 取得領(lǐng)先地位

she was struck bya very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.

...was struck by a

very heavy storm... 嚴(yán)重地遇到了雨／雪

be caught in therian/snow? 遇到了雨／雪

during 介詞，用于關(guān)系代詞which 之前，during the race, during the storm

L25-03? end?10’11”

L25-04? begin?11’04”

torn away =destroyed , pull down

it became

impossible to steer her (省略掉for captain)

there was a danger

that+同位語從句? ……會有危險(xiǎn)

the captain calledin at a port to have a new rudder fitted,

call in at: （船）?？浚ㄈ耍┌菰L

to = in order to,

so as to “目的是”

have sth. done:

but by now theThermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.

by now = so far

at tremendous

speed:以極快的速度

considering 連接詞，用來引導(dǎo)完整的語句

considering that考慮到………

So we should forgivehim considering that he is ill badly.

There is no doubtthat if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.

There is no doubt

that...==without any doubt “毫無疑問“

There is somedoubt + wh- ...

Eg.: There is nodoubt that he is guilty.

There is somedoubt whether he is guilty.

if ----與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬

（二冊L71 P320）：If theHouses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock wouldnever have been erected.

If you talked less

and ate more, we would both enjoy our dinner. (二冊：L40P182)

recite paragraph 2:

she was struck bya very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.

There is no doubtthat if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.

take the lead

lose the lead

call in at

with greatdifficulty

at tremendousspeed

It seemed certainthat

L25-04? end?11’04”

L25-05? begin?

【Multiple choice questions】

Comprehension

1? The fame of the Cutty Sark rests mainly upon_____ .

a. the number oftourists who come to visit her annually

b. her likeness toother great sailing ships of the past

c. her being oneof the last and one of the fastest of a line of great sailing ships

d. her victory inthe race against the Thermopylae

fame:名聲，名譽(yù)

rest upon= rest on

2? The race which took place between the CuttySark and the Thermopylae was _____ .

a. a landmark inthe history of shipping

b. held tocelebrate the invention of the steamship

c. held especiallyfor sailing ships on the route from Shanghai to London

d. unusually slowbecause the Cutty Sark lost her ruddeer en route

landmark: 標(biāo)志

3? During the race, the most remarkable feat ofthe Cutty Sark was _____ .

a. although lastto reach Java, to take the lead on the Indian Ocean

b. the fact thatshe managed to sail into port without a rudder

c. the speed atwhich she was sailing while having a new rudder fitted

d. the speed atwhich she made up the gap between her and the Thermopylae

feat:功績

Structure

4? The Cutty Sark _____ at Greenwich. (ll.1-2)

a. is stillpossible to see????? b. is able still tobe seen

c. may still beseen??????? ???d. is still possibly seen

5? Before _____ , vessels like the Cutty Sarkwere used ... (ll.4-5)

a. steamshipsreplaced sail??? b. the steamshipreplaced the sailing ship

c. steamshipsreplaced sailing??? d. the steam replacedthe sail

a 選項(xiàng)steamships:汽船，sailingships

sail: 航海，航行，風(fēng)帆

冠詞the和名詞單數(shù)形式搭配表示一類東西

6? It seemed certain that she _____ the firstship home. (l.12)

a. would go tobe??? b. would be going to be??? c. went???d. was going to be

would和be going to 重復(fù)搭配

7? The Thermopylae arrived in England only aweak before _____ > (ll.19-20)

a. she did??? b. she was??? c. herself??? d. she had arrived

before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句

8? _____ her rudder, there is no doubt she wouldhave won... (l.21)

a. That if she hadnot lost??? b. Not having lost??

c. Were she not tolose?????? d. had she not lost

if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句

Vocabulary

9? ----on dry land and _____ thousands ofvisitors each year. (ll.2-3)

a. appeals to??? b. attracts??? c. catches??? d. pulls

attract 吸引，The beautiful scenery attracts me.

appeal to 引起...興趣，The topic of the conversatiuon neverappeals to me.

10? On June 18th, 1872 both these ships _____ anexciting race from Shanghai to England. (l.8)

a. set out on??? b. departed for??? c. entered??? d. went for

set out :出發(fā)

set out on: 出發(fā)進(jìn)行比賽

Eg: set out on thetrip/journey/excursion

depart for 去往某處

11? On the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark went_____ the lead. (ll.11-12)

a. into??? b. on???c. for??? d. after

原文：take the lead

go into the lead==take the lead

12? Even this was remarkable, _____ the numerousdelays. (ll.20-21)

a. in respectof??? b. according to??? c. in view of??? d. accounting

considering:考慮到

in respect

of==with regard to 關(guān)于，至于

accouding to:依據(jù)

in view of 以…觀點(diǎn)考慮到＝considering

account for

【Key to Multiple choice questions】

1. C?? 2. A??3. D?? 4. C?? 5. B??6. D?? 7. A?? 8. D??9. B?? 10. A?? 11. A??12. C

L25-05? end?10’37” [ Lesson 25? 45:43 ]

L26-01? begin?12’55”?? [ Lesson 26? 46:52 ]

§ Lesson 26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin 征購大餅干筒

【New words and expressions】生詞和短語

●influence v. 影響

●pride v. 驕傲

●taste n. 鑒賞力

●exert v. 施加

●subtle adj. 微妙的，難以捉摸的

●advertiser n. 做廣告的人

●classify v. 分類

●magic adj. 有奇妙作用的

●sample n. 樣品

●devise v. 設(shè)計(jì)，想出

●capture v. 吸引，贏得

●manufacturer n. 生產(chǎn)廠家，制造商

●wheelbarrow n. 獨(dú)輪手推車

●boot n. （汽車尾部的）行李箱

●ingredient n. 配料

●crane n. 起重機(jī)

●anticipate v. 預(yù)期，預(yù)料

■influence v. 影響

have effect on

Eg.: Literatureand art have great influence of people’s idelogy.

Don’t beinfluenced by bad examples.

under the

influence of受…影響

Eg.: We are underthe influnce of advertisements.

have influence

over sb 有左右某人的能力

Eg.: A teacher hasinfluence over his students.

exercise influence

on sb's behalf 為某人而盡力

on sb's behalf 為某人的利益

Eg.: The boss exercisesinfluence on his employee’s behalf.

區(qū)別：influence / affect

influence:通過勸說，行為，榜樣來改變一個(gè)人的行為或思想，是潛移默化的影響力

affect: 對......產(chǎn)生不良影響

Eg.: The badexamples will affect a lot number of students .

influential adj.有影響力的

■pride v. 驕傲

pride vt. & n.

pride oneselfon? 為…感到驕傲、夸耀＝takepride in / be proud of

不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語態(tài)

Eg.:He pridedhimself on his driving skill.

pride n.

in the pride of 處于最佳狀態(tài)（頂峰）

Eg: She is stillyoung and in the pride of her beauty.

put one’s pride in

one’s pocket:控制自尊心

■taste n. 鑒賞力

Eg.: She hasexcellent taste in dress.

have excellent

taste in sth 在…上有極高的品位

a taste of? 嘗一口，嘗一點(diǎn)

Eg: Oh,let me havea taste of your coffee.

in good taste: 文雅，得體

Eg: The beautifulgirl is in good taste.

in bad taste: 庸俗，不得體

taste: 有什么的味道

to one's taste: 合某人的口味，稱某人的心愿

Eg: He did what hewanted to do to his taste.

There isaccounting for taste.? 人各有所好。

He who has never

tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.不知黃連苦怎知蜂蜜甜呢。

tastabel 可品嘗的

tasteful 有鑒賞力的

tasteless 沒有味道的，乏味的

taste blindness 味盲

taste maker 時(shí)尚的首創(chuàng)者

Eg.: Are you tastemaker?

■exert v. 施加

exert sth on sb 對某人施加…（壓力）

Eg.: His wifeexerted a lot of pressure on him to change his job.

He likes to exerthis authority on us.

exert oneself 努力，盡力

Eg.: He neverexerted himself to study hard.

exert every effort盡一切努力

exertion n.

■subtle adj. 微妙的，難以捉摸的

Eg.:Advertisements exert subtle influence on us.

subtle 敏感的，敏銳的

Eg.: He is asubtle observer.

subtly adv.微妙地，敏銳地

subtleness ==subtlety

■advertiser n. 做廣告的人

advertise: 做廣告

advertisement 廣告

■classify v. 分類

Eg.: The bookshave been classified according to subjects.

classification n.

classified adj. 分類的，機(jī)密的

classifiable adj. 可分類的

classifier n. 分類者

■magic adj. 有奇妙作用的

■sample n. 樣品

■devise v. 設(shè)計(jì)，想出

■capture v. 吸引，贏得

Eg.: His wonderfulperformance captured my attention.

capture 捕獲，俘獲

Eg.: The policecaptured the two thieves.

L26-01? end?12’55”

L26-02? begin?13’17”

■manufacturer n. 生產(chǎn)廠家，制造商

■wheelbarrow n. 獨(dú)輪手推車

■boot n. （汽車尾部的）行李箱

■ingredient n. 配料

■crane n. 起重機(jī)

■anticipate v. 預(yù)期，預(yù)料

anticipate /except

anticipate : 預(yù)料到

Eg.: Our attackfailed because the enemy anticipated.

anticipate:期待，指望，預(yù)料

Eg.:We anticipatedthe enemy would try to cross the river, so we decided to destory the bridge.

except: 期待，希望某事發(fā)生（不能表示“預(yù)料到”這一含義）；期待，指望，anticipate ==except

Eg.: I am notexpecting any trouble.

We areanticipating ( excepting ) a large crowd of people at tonight’s meeting.

He is the man whois always anticipating trouble.

anticipate:注重強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容以高興和恐懼的心情，期待所想之事或預(yù)料之事的發(fā)生

Eg.: The studentsare anticipating a wonderful vocation.

【Text】

§Lesson 26?Wanted: a large biscuit tin征購大餅干筒

Listen to the tapethen answer the question below.

Who won the prizefor the biggest biscuit?

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[endif]No one can avoidbeing influenced by advertisements. Much as we may pride ourselves on our goodtaste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertisingexerts a subtle influence on us. In their efforts to persuade us to buy this orthat product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and haveclassified all our little weaknesses.

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[endif]Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us loveto get something for nothing. An advertisement which begins with the magic wordFREE can rarely go wrong. These days, advertisers not only offer free samplesbut free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as well. They devisehundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money. Radioand television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attentionof millions of people in this way.

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[endif]During a radioprogramme, a company of biscuit manufacturers once asked listeners to bakebiscuits and send them to their factory. They offered to pay $10 a pound forthe biggest biscuit baked by a listener. The response to this competition wastremendous. Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at thefactory. One lady brought in a biscuit on a wheelbarrow. It weighed nearly 500pounds. A little later, a man came along with a biscuit which occupied thewhole boot of his car. All the biscuits that were sent were carefully weighed.The largest was 713 pounds. It seemed certain that this would win the prize.But just before the competition closed, a lorry arrived at the factory with atruly colossal biscuit which weighed 2,400 pounds. It had been baked by acollege student who had used over 1,000 pounds of flour, 800 pounds of sugar,200 pounds of fat, and 400 pounds of various other ingredients. It was so heavythat a crane had to be used to remove it from the lorry. The manufacturers hadto pay more money than they had anticipated, for they bought the biscuit fromthe student for $24,000.

參考譯文

沒有人能避免受廣告的影響。盡管我們可以自夸自己的鑒賞力如何敏銳，但我們已經(jīng)無法獨(dú)立自主地選購自己所需的東西了。這是因?yàn)閺V告在我們身上施加著一種潛移默化的影響。做廣告的人在力圖勸說我們買下這種產(chǎn)品或那種產(chǎn)品之前，已經(jīng)仔細(xì)地研究了人的本性，并把人的弱點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分類。

做廣告的人們多年前就發(fā)現(xiàn)我們大家都喜歡免費(fèi)得到東西。凡是用“免費(fèi)”這個(gè)神奇的詞開頭的廣告很少會失敗的。目前，做廣告的人不僅提供免費(fèi)樣品，而且還提供免費(fèi)汽車，免費(fèi)住房，免費(fèi)周游世界。他們設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)以百計(jì)的競賽，競賽中有人可贏得巨額獎(jiǎng)金。電臺、電視使做廣告的人可以用這種手段吸引成百萬人的注意力。

有一次，在電臺播放的節(jié)目里，一個(gè)生產(chǎn)餅干的公司請聽眾烘制餅干送到他們的工廠去。他們愿意以每磅10美元的價(jià)錢買下由聽眾烘制的最大的餅干。這次競賽在聽眾中引起極其熱烈的反響。不久，形狀各異，大小不一的餅干陸續(xù)送到工廠。一位女士用手推車運(yùn)來一個(gè)餅干，重達(dá)500磅左右。相隔不一會兒，一個(gè)男子也帶來一個(gè)大餅干，那個(gè)餅干把汽車的行李箱擠得滿滿的。凡送來的餅干都仔細(xì)地稱量。最重的一個(gè)達(dá)713磅，看來這個(gè)餅干獲獎(jiǎng)無疑了。但就在競賽截止時(shí)間將到之際，一輛卡車駛進(jìn)了工廠，運(yùn)來了一個(gè)特大無比、重達(dá)2,400磅的餅干。它是由一個(gè)大學(xué)生烘制的，用去1,000多磅的面粉、800磅食糖、200磅動(dòng)物脂肪及400磅其他各種原料。餅干份量太重了，用了一臺起重機(jī)才把它從卡車上卸下。餅干公司不得不付出比他們預(yù)計(jì)多得多的錢，因?yàn)闉橘I下那學(xué)生烘制的餅干他們支付了24,000美元。

【課文講解】

Advertisementsalways exert influence on everybody.

No one ,avoid, 雙重否定

No students canavoid being influenced by their teachers.

本課重點(diǎn)句型：Much as we may pride ourselves on our goodtaste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertisingexerts a subtle influence on us.

讓步狀語從句，though, although

as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，句子要采用倒裝形式（adj. / adv. / n. / v.用在as之前）

1．a(chǎn)dj. + as + 主語+ 謂語

Rich as he is, heis not happy.

Tired as I was, Itry to help them.

2．a(chǎn)dv. (much ) + as + 從句

Much as I likeyou, I will not marry you.

Much as I hate do

it, I must stay home and study English.雖然我不愿意這么做，但我今晚必須呆在家里學(xué)習(xí)英語。

3．v. + as + 主語 + 助動(dòng)詞

Try as they may,

they will never succeed.即使他們很努力，但他們不會成功。

Object as my

parents may, I decide to do it.不管我父母怎樣反對，我都決定要這樣做。

采用不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)形式，不同的詞匯表達(dá)同一個(gè)語義。

effort

1. n. (U) 努力，竭盡全力 （需要花費(fèi)腦力和體力的事情）

Eg.: It took a lotof effort to lift the box.

A great deal ofeffort has gone into this exhibition.

2. n. (C) 努力，竭盡全力? make everyeffort

Eg.: We are makingevery effort to study English.

in one’s effort to

do:為了干好某事，在干好某事的努力過程當(dāng)中

Eg.: The companyis selling off some of its buildings in their efforts to save money.

In their effortsto learn English well, they spend a lot of time.

make a close

(careful ) study:對什么做了仔細(xì)的研究

Advertisers makeevery effort in order to sell their products.

The firstparagraph is really wonderful, you’d better keeping your mind

第一自然段要牢記熟背在心中。

Advertisersdiscovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing.

L26-02? end?13’17”

L26-03? begin?13’12”

get something for

nothing ( free ): 免費(fèi)得到……

The big bell raregoer wrong.

these days: 目前

not only…but…as well……不僅……而且……

devise: 設(shè)計(jì)

Eg.: They havedevised the best way to have the party.

enable sb. to do: 使某人能夠做某事

Eg.: Hard workwill enable you to pass the examinaiton, otherwise, no way.

Radio andtelevision have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention ofmillions of people in this way.

make it possible

for sb to do sth 使……可能

Eg.: His fwematerial possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place withease.

??? The money he won made it possible for himto make a tour around the world.

capture(catch,

receive, arrest, draw) the attention of sb 吸引某人注意力

熟記：The response to this competition wastremendous.

responce =

reaction: 反映

before long =soon, shortly

biscuits of allshapes (sizes ), shoes of all sizes

occupy = take up, 占據(jù)

It seemed certainthat...

注意：用it 做形式主語表示肯定時(shí)，要用certain,而不能用sure.

We are sure /certain...

It is certain...

closed = ended

remove = load

L26-03? end?13’12”

L26-04? begin?13’21”

【Multiple choice questions】

Comprehension

1? What among other things enables advertisersto sell a product more easily?

a. Knowing that wewill buy anything provided it tastes good.

b. Giving everycustomer something free with each product he buys.

c. Having so manyfree things all over the world to tempt people with.

d. Having radioand television at their disposal to promote their products.

2? The people who entered the competition did sobecause _____ .

a. they wanted toget something for nothing

b. they hoped bywinning easily to cover the cost of the baking ingredients

c. they hoped to receivethe prize money of $24,000

d. the manufacturershad offered free biscuits to anyone who entered

3? What had the manufacturers failed toanticipate?

a. The number ofpeople who would take an interest in the competition.

b. The number ofingredients required to bake a large biscuit with.

c. That it waspossible to bake a biscuit as large as the student’s.

d. That there wastime to bake a huge biscuit before the competition closed.

Structure

4? _____ of our good taste, we are no longer...(ll.1-2)

a. So proud may webe??? b. Although we may pride ourselvesa great deal

c. Proud as we maybe??? d. Pride ourselves as we may

5? ----discovered years ago that all of us _____something for nothing. (ll.7-8)

a. are loving toget??? b. love getting??? c. love to be getting??? d. love when we get

love不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

6? An advertisement can rarely go wrong _____with the magic word FREE. (l.8)

a. whichbegins??? b. to begin??? c. if it will begin??? d. what begins

當(dāng)修飾主語的定語從句過長而謂語過短時(shí)，一般將定語從句后置。

7? It was nearly 500 pounds _____ . (l.15)

a. weighed??? b. weighing??? c. in weight??? d. of weight

in length, inheight, in width, in depth, in weight

8? It was so heavy that a crane _____ from thelorry. (ll.20-21)

a. did they needremove it??????????? b. they needed toremove it

c. was needed tohave removed it??? d. was needed to haveit removed

Vocabulary

9? ----in their efforts to persuade us to buy_____ .(l.4)

a. one or otherproduct??? b. that or this product??? c. some product or other??? d. a product or two

some... or other== this... or that

10? The _____ to this competition was tremendous.(ll.13-14)

a. answer??? b. reply???c. attraction??? d. reaction

response 表示反映，反響的時(shí)候，與reaction的意義最近，通?？梢該Q用。

11? ----with a biscuit which _____ the boot ofhis car. (l.16)

a. took completepossession of??? b. took up all the spacein

c. completelycovered??? d. on the whole filled

occupy的同義詞take up

12? The manufacturers had to pay more money thanthey _____ ... (ll.21-22)

a. expected??? b. hoped???c. intended??? d. wished

anticipate的同義詞expect

【Key to Multiple choice questions】

1. D?? 2. A??3. C?? 4. C?? 5. B??6. A?? 7. C?? 8. D??9. C?? 10. D?? 11. B??12. A

L26-04?7’34”? [Lesson 26? 46:52 ]

(L26-04_27-01? 5’43”)???[ Lesson 27? 49:35 ]

§ Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to

buy 不賣也不買

【New words and expressions】生詞和短語

●philosopher? n. 哲學(xué)家

●wisdom? n.智慧

●priest n.牧師

●spiritual?? adj.精神上的

●grudge??? v.不愿給，舍不得給

●surgeon? n.外科大夫

●passer-by (復(fù)數(shù)passers-by)? n.過路人

●dignity?? n.尊嚴(yán)

●deliberately? adv. 故意地

●consequence n.后果，結(jié)果

●afflict v.使苦惱，折磨

●ease?? n.容易

●nature n.大自然

●contempt n.蔑視

●envious? adj.嫉妒的

■philosopher n. 哲學(xué)家

■wisdom n. 智慧

cut sb's wisdom

teeth 開始懂事了

●priest n. 牧師

■spiritual adj. 精神上的

spiritual life

mental：智力的

physical:物質(zhì)的，肉體的

spirited:生機(jī)勃勃的，精神飽滿的，猛烈的

Eg.:She is aspirited girl.

This is a spiriteddiscussion.

spirituous adj. 含酒精的

■grudge v. 不愿給，舍不得給

■surgeon n. 外科大夫

■passer-by (復(fù)數(shù)passers-by

) n. 過路人

■dignity n. 尊嚴(yán)

with great dignity

stand / keep onone’s dignity

pocket one’s

dignity 放下架子

lose one’s dignity有失體面

dignify v.

dignified adj.

■deliberately adv. 故意地

on purpose: 故意，強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性

deliberately (強(qiáng)調(diào)深思熟慮后)故意的

■consequence n. 后果，結(jié)果

result: 按常規(guī)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果

effect 效果

outcome（比賽）最后結(jié)局

inconsequence? 因此, in consequence of 由于什么的緣故

take the

consequence of 承擔(dān)……的后果

■afflict v. 使苦惱，折磨

常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)

affliction n.

afflictive adj. 苦惱的，悲傷的

■ease n. 容易

with ease 輕而易舉

at ease, 舒服，寬松

He stayed home atease.

ill at ease 不自在

put sb. at his

ease 不拘束

take one's ease 安下心來

I took my ease tostudy English here.

■nature n. 大自然

■contempt n. 蔑視

in contempt of 輕視

hold sb. incontempt = look down upon sb.

contemptable adj. 可輕視的，不恥的，卑鄙的

■■■contemptuous adj. 輕視的，傲慢的，輕蔑的

despite

■envious adj. 嫉妒的

【Text】

§ Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to

buy 不賣也不買

Listen to the tapethen answer the question below.

Listen the tapethen answer the question below.

What is the mostimportant thing for a tramp?

[if !vml][endif][if !vml]

[endif]It has been said that everyone lives by sellingsomething. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge,philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Thoughit may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, itis extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which peopleperform for us. There are times when we would willingly give everything wepossess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee foroffering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such thatskills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.Everyone has something to sell.

Tramps seem to bethe only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves ashuman beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars.They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence,they do not sacrifice their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, buthe will never ask you to feel sorry for him. He has deliberately chosen to leadthe life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences. He may never be surewhere the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands ofanxieties which afflict other people. His few material possession make itpossible for him to move from place to place with ease. By having to sleep inthe open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do. Hemay hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even intimes of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedomWe often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class asbeggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a littleenvious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?

參考譯文

據(jù)說每個(gè)人都靠出售某種東西來維持生活。根據(jù)這種說法，教師靠賣知識為生，哲學(xué)家靠賣智慧為生，牧師靠賣精神安慰為生。雖然物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值可以用金錢來衡量，但要估算別人為我們?yōu)樗峁┑姆?wù)的價(jià)值卻是極其困難的。有時(shí)，我們?yōu)榱送炀壬敢飧冻鑫覀兯加械囊磺?。但就在外科大夫給我們提供了這種服務(wù)后，我們卻可能為所支付的昂貴的費(fèi)用而抱怨。社會上的情況就是如此，技術(shù)是必須付錢去買的，就像在商店里要花錢買商品一樣。人人都有東西可以出售。

在這條普遍的規(guī)律前面，好像只有流浪漢是個(gè)例外，乞丐出售的幾乎是他本人，以引起過路人的憐憫。但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他們既不出售任何東西，也不需要從別人那兒得到任何東西，在追求獨(dú)立自由的同時(shí)，他們并不犧牲為人的尊嚴(yán)。游浪漢可能會向你討錢，但他從來不要你可憐他。他是故意在選擇過那種生活的，并完全清楚以這種方式生活的后果。他可能從不知道下頓飯有無著落，但他不像有人那樣被千萬樁愁事所折磨。他幾乎沒有什么財(cái)產(chǎn)，這使他能夠輕松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡覺，他比我們中許多人都離大自然近得多。為了生存，他可能會去打獵、乞討，偶爾偷上一兩回；確實(shí)需要的時(shí)候，他甚至可能干一點(diǎn)兒活，但他決不會犧牲自由。說起流浪漢，我們常常帶有輕蔑并把他們與乞丐歸為一類。但是，我們中有多少人能夠坦率地說我們對流浪漢的簡樸生活與無憂無慮的境況不感到有些羨慕呢？

【課文講解】

It has been said

that = it is said that據(jù)說

live by: to make

enough money to feed oneself：依靠某種職業(yè)為生

live on 依靠某種食物維持生命，或靠某人生活

in the light of=

according to, taking into account 根據(jù)，考慮到

in accordance

with: 依據(jù)(法律) （更加正式）

in terms of: 按照，就……而言，關(guān)于

in respect of

in / with regardto, as regards

L27-02? end?13’30”

L27-03? begin?12’10”

there are times

when 有時(shí)

grudge后面要和名詞或動(dòng)名詞搭配

I grudge wastingtime on this.

He grudge payingso much money for such bad food.

require from

In seekingindependence

in + 動(dòng)名詞搭配，表示“在……的過程中”

In speeking tohim, I found he is stammers.

Eg.: in seeking independence

on + 動(dòng)名詞搭配，表示“一……就……”, 必須注意主語的一致性。

Eg.: On seeing the

plane coming towards me, I ……

In crossing thehall, I ...

On entering thehall, I...

L27-03? end?12’10”

L27-04? begin?12’11”

fully: completely

be free from 不受……的影響

He’s leading alife free from care and anxieties.

The old lady is

never free from paining.這位老太太始終病痛纏身。

free from error

free fromanxieties.

make it possiblefor sb. to do sth.

keep oneself alive為了生存

with 和名詞搭配，表示“具有，帶有”

Eg.: How many ofus can honestly say that we would like to learn Englsh well?

【Multiple choice questions】

Comprehension

1? It is very difficult to estimate the truevalue of the services people perform for us vecause _____ .

a. people’s needsvary so much according to their circumstances.

b. we refuse toadmit that surgeons perform a very necessary service

c. we seldomshould give everything we possess for such services

d. such servicesare paid for in the same way as material goods

2? in choosing to lead the life he leads, thetramp has decided _____ .

a. he will neverneed to ask people for anything

b. to sleep in theopen in order to be closer to the world of nature

c. he would ratherlead the life of a criminal than do any work

d. his freedommore than compensates for the inconveniences of such a life

流浪漢的自由足以彌補(bǔ)他生活中的不便。

3? In moments of truth we feel envious of atramp’s way of life because _____ .

a. we feel thatour way of life is undignifiged compared to a tramp’s

b. his life is notburdened with the anxieties we are often troubled by

c. of the freedomhe has from the struggle to keep alive

d. we realize thatit is better than having to beg for a livelihood

in memones oftruth = truly

背熟此結(jié)構(gòu)

“ A tramp is freefrom the thousands of axieties which afflict other people.”

Structure

4? Yet we might grudge _____ a surgeon foroffering...(l.8)

a. a high fee wehad paid??? b. the high fee we would pay

c. the high feepaying?????? d. to pay a high fee

the high fee wewould pay a surgeon for offering

5? They _____ require anything fromothers.(ll.12-13)

a. do not have tosell anything or??? b. have nothing tosell nor do they

c. have to sellnothing nor they????? d. have not soldanything and do not

對于二者的否定

Neither...nor...

nothign... nor...

nor...位于句首，倒裝

a. They do not

hsve to sell anything: 他們不必出售什么

6? With so few material possessions, he _____ tomove from... (ll.16-=17)

a. may beable??? b. is able??? c. can???d. is possible

7? We often speak contemptuously _____ trampsand ... (ll.19-20)

a. for???? b. on????c. to???? d. of

speak of:?? 談及

speak for:? 為…辯護(hù)

speak on:?? 就…發(fā)言

speak to:?? 與…談話

8? But _____ of us can honestly say... (l.20)

a. who??? b. which ones???? c. how many???? d. what one

Vocabluary

9? A surgeon is a man who _____ .(l.8)

a. saves people’slives??? b. gives people financial advice

c. performsoperations??? d. insures people’s livesagainst sickness or death

10? ---- make it possible for him to move _____with ease. (ll.16-17)

a. here nadthere??? b. one way or another??? c. from square to square??? d. in every sense

from place to

place:四處，到處（= here and there）

one way or

another:表示某種方法或途徑

in every sense:名副其實(shí)，在各種意義上來說

He is a thief in

every sense.他是一個(gè)不折不扣的騙子。

11? He may hunt, beg or steal occasionally to_____ ... (l.18)

a. make aliving??? b. survive??? c. be living??? d. be alive

to survive = keephimself alive

make a living 謀生

12? We often _____ tramps and put them down asbeggars. (ll.20-21)

a. convict??? b. blame???c. look down on??? d. condemn

look down on =

look down upon: 瞧不起

convict 宣判某人有罪(常與of 連用)

blame? 責(zé)備（常與for連用）

condemn to vt. 判刑

【Key to Multiple choice questions】

1. A?? 2. D??3. B?? 4. B?? 5. B??6. B?? 7. D?? 8. C??9. C?? 10. A?? 11. B??12. C

L27-05? 6’09”?????[ Lesson 27? 49:35 ]

（L27-05_28-01?5’32”）????? [ Lesson 28? 48:31 ]